Autonomic cardiac modulation measured with a noninvasive device during psychophysiological preparation predicts flow state during piano performance: A Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Jha ◽  
Nicolette Stogios ◽  
Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira ◽  
Scott Thomas ◽  
Robert Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiac Modulation ◽  
Grade 8

BACKGROUND Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a common experience among elite and professional musicians and impedes performers from achieving flow state, or a state of focused, sustained attention and engagement in one’s task. Use of non-invasive monitoring devices to understand the autonomic components of flow state can provide knowledge to better treat MPA. The aim of this study was to use non-invasive monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV) as a physiologic indicator of autonomic-cardiac activity and its association with peak flow. OBJECTIVE We recruited individuals between the ages of 15 and 22 years who had at least a Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM) Grade 8 piano certification. Participants were asked to prepare three pieces: Johann Sebastian Bach’s Prelude No. 1 in C Major, Erik Satie’s Gymnopedie No. 1, and a piece of their choice (Bach, Satie and a song of their own choosing). Performer heart rate data were measured with a Polar 800 watch in 5-minute periods immediately before performances, during performances and post-performance. HRV indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart were analyzed in 2.5-minute segments to monitor short-term autonomic adjustments using the Kubios HRV Software. Flow state was measured using the 36-item Flow State Scale (FSS). METHODS Our sample consisted of 22 RCM Grade 8 certified pianists (9 female, 13 male, age =20 + 1.6) The highest level of flow was observed for the Bach performance (3.87/5). Decreased HRV was observed during the performance of the piece, as indicated by a significant drop in total power (54% reduction) (p < 0.0001). This indicated a shift in increased sympathetic activity or vagal withdrawal. Flow state during the pre-performance phase was independently and positively associated with parasympathetic activity (β = 0.84, p=0.013), and during performance it was inversely associated with sympathetic activity (β = -0.79, p=0.04) RESULTS Our sample consisted of 22 RCM Grade 8 certified pianists (9 female, 13 male, age =20 + 1.6) The highest level of flow was observed for the Bach performance (3.87/5). Decreased HRV was observed during the performance of the piece, as indicated by a significant drop in total power (54% reduction) (p < 0.0001). This indicated a shift in increased sympathetic activity or vagal withdrawal. Flow state during the pre-performance phase was independently and positively associated with parasympathetic activity (β = 0.84, p=0.013), and during performance it was inversely associated with sympathetic activity (β = -0.79, p=0.04) CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that non-invasive monitoring of autonomic-cardiac modulation can provide novel insight into time-sensitive changes in the physiologic activity that is associated with psychological flow state. Evidence of increased parasympathetic activity and reduced sympathetic activity in the pre-performance phase suggests that flow state may be as much a consequence of physiological preparation immediately prior to performance as it is a physiologic response during the performance itself. Evidence of this correlation between autonomic modulation of the heart and achievement of flow state may pave the way for further research on enhancing musical performance and targeting MPA through HRV-based interventions. Future directions may involve investigation of other physiological manifestations in order to identify essential physiologic components of flow state, which may include such as facial or skeletal muscle activation, electrodermal activation and distinct patterns of neurological response via electroencephalography measurements.

Assessment of heart rate variability for different somatotype category among adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Subramanian ◽  
Vivek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rajathi Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Time Domain

Abstract Background Somatotype is a quantified expression of the morphological conformation of a person in terms of three-numeral rating each representing one component; fat (endomorphy), muscle mass (mesomorphy) and bone length (ectomorphy) in the same order. Certain somatotypes are more prone to develop the particular disease. Obesity and overweight are already epidemic among Indian adolescents and are increasing at an alarming rate, and obesity is linked to cardiovascular (CV) risk in this age group. Identifying the heart rate variability (HRV) is an established non-invasive test to identify the CV risk. The objective of this study is to record the HRV data for each somatotype category and to compare the HRV data among these somatotype categories in adolescents. Methods The volunteer adolescents in the age group of 12–17 years were classified into a different somatotyping categories based on the Heath Carter somatotyping method. The short-term HRV was recorded in all the subjects using wireless BioHarness 3.0. Results Based on the time domain and frequency domain parameters, the parasympathetic activity showed decreasing order as follows: central>ectomorphy>mesomorphy>endomorphy, whereas sympathetic activity showed increasing order as follows: central<ectomorphy<mesomorphy<endomorphy in both boys and girls. Girls have higher parasympathetic activity and lesser sympathetic activity than boys in ectomorphy and mesomorphy. In the central somatotype and endomorphy categories, genders were comparable. Conclusion Our study suggests that endomorphy and mesomorphy have poorer autonomic tone when compared to other somatotype categories.

scholarly journals HRV (Heart Rate Variability) as a non-invasive measurement method for performance diagnostics and training control

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Scherer ◽  
Johannes Martinek ◽  
Winfried Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether non-invasive heart rate variability (HRV) recordings can be used to monitor training exercises and to estimate athletic performance. Thus far, condition and performance have been evaluated with lactate test procedures and spirometry. Several tests were conducted to determine the relationship of data from lactate test samplings, spirometry and HRV recordings. Four groups of professional athletes in different disciplines such as ball sports (n=15), martial arts (n=17), endurance sports (n=8) and hobby athletes (n=6) underwent a standardized treadmill or bicycle ergometer step test while increasing load rates, e.g. 2 km/h or 20-50 Watt every 3.5 minutes, synchronized with standardized series of lactate test sampling, spirometry and ECG recording. An inclusion criterion for all athlete groups was a minimum training frequency of an hour, five days a week focusing on continuous performance improvement. Evidence shows that offline analysis of ECG data allows conclusions on actual individual athletic performance without the need for complex instrumentation and laboratory environment. The total power parameter of the HRV reaches a plateau phase in all tested subjects and this plateau phase reaches zero near the 2 mmol threshold of lactate concentration in all subjects recorded on a bicycle ergometer. Nine out of ten subjects measured on the bicycle ergometer had negatively correlating data of lactate concentration and total power of HRV (α < 0.05). Lactate measurements using treadmills require resting periods for blood sampling. As the HRV increases instantly in these resting periods, the use of bicycle ergometers, where no testing breaks are needed, is recommended for further research.

Effect of provocative maneuvers on heart rate variability in subjects with quadriplegia

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. H2239-H2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Grimm ◽  
R. E. DeMeersman ◽  
R. P. Garofano ◽  
A. M. Spungen ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Male Subjects

This study investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with quadriplegia who have disruption of autonomic control of the heart. Seven male subjects with neurological complete quadriplegia and seven with incomplete quadriplegia were studied at rest and during provocation. HRV was measured by power spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transform. Two spectral components were generated: 1) the high-frequency (HF) peak, a reflection of parasympathetic activity, and 2) the low-frequency (LF) peak, primarily sympathetic activity with some parasympathetic input. Results of the provocative maneuvers were grouped into one composite variable. Significant differences in the LF spectral component were found between the groups with complete and incomplete lesions in the supine position and after provocation (LF supine: P = 0.01; LF provocation: P = 0.002). After provocation, significant differences were demonstrated in the HF spectral component between these groups (P = 0.005). In contrast to previous findings, a LF component in subjects with complete quadriplegia was observed; this LF component decreased after provocation, suggesting the parasympathetic component withdrew during stressful maneuvers. There also appeared to be general downregulation of parasympathetic activity to the heart in subjects with complete quadriplegia. The presence of an increased LF spectral component during provocation in those with incomplete lesions implies sympathetic stimulation of the heart and may be used as a marker of sympathetic activity in individuals with quadriplegia.

Electroacupuncture Improves Imbalance of Autonomic Function under Restraint Stress in Conscious Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Imai ◽  
Hajime Ariga ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Acupuncture may modulate the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. It is well known that restraint stress delays gastric emptying via inhibiting parasympathetic activity and/or stimulating sympathetic activity in rats. We have previously shown that electroacupuncture (EA) improves delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats. To investigate whether the beneficial effect of EA on delayed gastric emptying is associated with its modulatory effects on autonomic nervous activity, we utilized spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). In rats, the power in the low frequency (LF; 0.04–1.0 Hz) and high frequency (HF; 1.0–3 Hz) band of HRV represent sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, respectively. Electrocardiography (ECG)-electrodes were implanted on the subcutaneous tissues of the back. One week after the surgery, ECG was recorded before, during and after the restraint stress loading in a conscious state. EA (10 Hz) was applied at bilateral acupuncture points [ST-36 (lower leg) or BL-21 (back)] during restraint stress loading. In response to restraint stress, heart rate and LF component were increased, suggesting the increased activity of sympathetic tone. EA at ST-36 significantly reduced the elevated heart rate and LF, compared to that of control group. EA at ST-36 also significantly increased HF component after finishing the stress loading. In contrast, EA at BL-21 had no significant effect on the heart rate, LF and HF. It is suggested that EA at ST-36 stimulates parasympathetic activity and inhibits sympathetic activity under the restraint stress in rats.

scholarly journals Non-invasive monitoring of avian embryo heart rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrianov Evgenii Aleksandrovich ◽  
◽  
Sudakov Alexander Nikolaevich ◽  
Andrianov Aleksei Aleksandrovich ◽  
Skolznev Nikolay Yakovlevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Avian Embryo ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Embryo Heart

Respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity in neonatal swine

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. R1147-R1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gootman ◽  
M. R. Gandhi ◽  
A. M. Steele ◽  
B. W. Hundley ◽  
H. L. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Respiratory Modulation ◽  
Cardiac Modulation

Spontaneous efferent sympathetic activity (cervical sympathetic and splanchnic nerves) was recorded simultaneously with efferent phrenic discharge, with aortic pressure, and with the electrocardiogram in less than 1- to 51-day-old neonatal swine anesthetized with Saffan (alfaxalone). Power spectral analyses of sympathetic discharge revealed a frequency range of 4-36 Hz, with peaks distributed in four regions of the spectrum (4-6 Hz, 8-15 Hz, 16-22 Hz, and 28-36 Hz). Inspiratory modulation was readily apparent since sympathetic power spectral energy was greatest during the time of phrenic activity. Alterations in pulmonary afferent inputs (e.g., lung inflation tests and/or vagotomy) altered both phrenic and sympathetic activity. Use of the respiratory-cardiac modulation ratio indicated that respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity was greater than cardiac modulation. Complex afferent inputs, i.e., fictive Valsalva maneuver, indicated an immaturity of integration within the cardiovascular regulatory system. The adult patterns of blood pressure changes and heart rate responses were delayed until approximately 1 mo of age. Calculations of Valsalva ratios (ratio of maximal R-R interval to minimal R-R interval) indicated delayed onset of heart rate responses, reflecting the maturation of cardiovascular reflexes during the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Analysis of frequency ranges of heart rate variability and estimation errors of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Bahilin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spectral Estimates ◽  
Regulatory Systems

The clinical significance of heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed at the end of the last century, despite the fact that HRV studies have been conducted since the mid-19th century. In recent years, HRV has been increasingly used for non-invasive monitoring of the autonomic nervous system. However, the interpretation of HRV features is still not fully understood and widely discussed. It is known that HRV fluctuations are created by various regulatory systems of the body, which have different natural frequencies. The estimated HRV parameters are SDNN and RMSSD indicators – standard deviations of a number of RR-intervals and a number of first differences of RR-intervals, respectively. The purpose of the article was to calculate the power decrease with aging in different frequency ranges, analyze the errors of spectral estimates, and compare the spectral estimates of RSA with the values of RMSSD indicators. Simultaneous ECG and respiration records from the Fantasia Physio Bank database were used as initial data. For reference estimates, the powers in the range of respiration rate found from the records of respiration measurements are taken. It is shown that with age the power of the HF range decreases most rapidly, and the VLF range decreases most slowly. HF oscillation amplitudes are compared with RMSSD values. It is proposed to consider the RMSSD indicator as an assessment of the speed parameter of the regulatory system. Spectral methods are used to estimate the power of individual frequency ranges. For non-invasive monitoring of the autonomic nervous system, spectral estimates of the power of the LF and HF ranges are used. With aging, stress, and various diseases, the activity of regulatory systems decreases, but it remains unclear in which regulatory systems and to what extent violations occur.

scholarly journals Influence of a 100-mile ultramarathon on the heart rate and the heart rate variability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Schrieber ◽  
Christian Paech ◽  
Jan Wüstenfeld ◽  
Ingo Dähnert ◽  
Bernd Wolfarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ultra-marathon (UM) with a distance of 100 miles on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: Altogether, 28 runners (25 men and 3 women) received a 24-hour long-term ECG one week before the UM (U1), immediately after (U2) and after a week of recovery (U3). The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), HR and HRV on the run time as well as recovery were investigated. RESULTS: A rise in the baseline heart rate accompanied by a significant drop in SDNN values ​​(the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals) was found. Except for the age of the runners, BMI, HF and HRV did not predict the competition time. Full return of HRV to the athlete’s individual baseline did not occur within one week. There were no significant differences between finishers and non-finishers in analyzed parameters. CONCLUSION: The present results show that a 100-mile run leads to an increase in sympathetic activity and thus to an increase in heart rate and a decrease in HRV. In addition, HRV seems to be a suitable parameter to evaluate full recovery after a 100-mile run.

scholarly journals Influence of a 100-mile ultramarathon on heart rate and heart rate variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001005
Author(s):  
Christian Paech ◽  
Simone Schrieber ◽  
Ingo Daehnert ◽  
Paul Jürgen Schmidt-Hellinger ◽  
Bernd Wolfarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the impact of an ultramarathon (UM) with a distance of 100 miles on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV).Methods28 runners (25 men and 3 women) underwent 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring 1 week before the UM, immediately after the UM and after a week of recovery. The influence of age, body mass index (BMI), HR and HRV on the run time and recovery was investigated.ResultsA rise in the baseline HR (18.98%) immediately after the run accompanied by a significant drop in the SD of all normal RR intervals (7.12%) 1 week after. Except for the runners’ age, BMI, HR and HRV showed no influence on the competition time. Full return of HRV to the athletes’ baseline did not occur within 1 week. There were no significant differences between finishers and non-finishers in the analysed parameters.ConclusionThe present results show that a 100-mile run leads to an increase in sympathetic activity and thus to an increase in HR and a decrease in HRV. Also, HRV might be a suitable parameter to evaluate the state of recovery after a 100-mile run but does not help to quantify the status of recovery, as the damage to the tendomuscular system primarily characterises this after completing a UM.

scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation Deteriorates Heart Rate Variability and Photoplethysmography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bourdillon ◽  
Fanny Jeanneret ◽  
Masih Nilchian ◽  
Patrick Albertoni ◽  
Pascal Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

IntroductionSleep deprivation has deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. Using wearable health trackers, non-invasive physiological signals, such as heart rate variability (HRV), photoplethysmography (PPG), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) can be analyzed for detection of the effects of partial sleep deprivation on cardiovascular responses.MethodsFifteen participants underwent 1 week of baseline recording (BSL, usual day activity and sleep) followed by 3 days with 3 h of sleep per night (SDP), followed by 1 week of recovery with sleep ad lib (RCV). HRV was recorded using an orthostatic test every morning [root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), power in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands, and normalized power nLF and nHF were computed]; PPG and polysomnography (PSG) were recorded overnight. Continuous blood pressure and psychomotor vigilance task were also recorded. A questionnaire of subjective fatigue, sleepiness, and mood states was filled regularly.ResultsRMSSD and HF decreased while nLF increased during SDP, indicating a decrease in parasympathetic activity and a potential increase in sympathetic activity. PPG parameters indicated a decrease in amplitude and duration of the waveforms of the systolic and diastolic periods, which is compatible with increases in sympathetic activity and vascular tone. PSG showed a rebound of sleep duration, efficiency, and deep sleep in RCV compared to BSL. BRS remained unchanged while vigilance decreased during SDP. Questionnaires showed an increased subjective fatigue and sleepiness during SDP.ConclusionHRV and PPG are two markers easily measured with wearable devices and modified by partial sleep deprivation, contradictory to BRS. Both markers showed a decrease in parasympathetic activity, known as detrimental to cardiovascular health.

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