Patient experience and predictors of improvement in a group behavioral and educational intervention for individuals with diabetes and serious mental illness: a mixed methods case study (Preprint)
BACKGROUND In a prior study, participation in a 16-week, reverse integrated care, group behavioral and educational intervention for individuals with diabetes and serious mental illness was associated with improved glycemic control (HbA1C) and body mass index (BMI). In order to inform future implementation efforts, more information about the effective components of the intervention is needed. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify aspects of the intervention participants reported were helpful and to evaluate predictors of outcome. METHODS This study involved qualitative evaluation and post-hoc quantitative analysis of a prior intervention. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 24 of 35 individuals (69%) who attended one or more group sessions and 9 of 26 individuals (35%) who consented but attended no sessions. Quantitative mixed effects modeling was performed to test whether improved diabetes knowledge, diet and exercise, or higher group attendance predicted improved HbA1C and BMI. These interview and modeling outcomes were combined using a mixed methods case study framework and integrated thematically. RESULTS In qualitative interviews, participants identified application of health-related knowledge gained to real world situations, accountability for goals, positive reinforcement and group support, and increased confidence to prioritize health goals as factors contributing to success of the behavioral intervention. Improved diabetes knowledge was associated with reduced BMI (=-1.27, SD=0.40, P=0.003). No quantitative variables examined were significantly associated with improved HbA1C. CONCLUSIONS In this mixed methods analysis of predictors of success in a behavioral diabetes management program, group participants highlighted the value of positive reinforcement and group support, accountability for goals set, and real-world application of health-related knowledge gained. Improved diabetes knowledge was associated with weight loss. CLINICALTRIAL