scholarly journals Examining the Relationship Between the Use of a Mobile Peer-Support App and Self-Injury Outcomes: Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee Payne Kruzan ◽  
Janis Whitlock ◽  
Natalya N Bazarova
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Many individuals who self-injure seek support and information through online communities and mobile peer-support apps. Although researchers have identified risks and benefits of participation, empirical work linking participation in these web-based spaces to self-injury behaviors and thoughts is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between behavioral and linguistic traces on a mobile peer support app and self-injury outcomes. METHODS Natural use data and web-based surveys (N=697) assessing self-injury outcomes were collected from 268 users (aged 13-38 years; median 19; 149/268, 55.6% female) of a mobile peer-support app for 4 months. Participants were identified as having posted self-injury content using an internal classifier. Natural log data was used to predict self-injury outcomes in a series of multilevel logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS Greater engagement on a mobile peer-support app was associated with a decreased likelihood of self-injury thoughts (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.73) and fewer intentions to self-injure (<i>b</i>=−0.37, SE 0.09), whereas posting triggering content was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in behaviors (OR 5.37, 95% CI 1.25-23.05) and having self-injury thoughts (OR 17.87, 95% CI 1.64-194.15). Moreover, viewing triggering content was related to both a greater ability to resist (<i>b</i>=1.39, SE 0.66) and a greater intention to self-injure (<i>b</i>=1.50, SE 0.06). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to connect naturally occurring log data to survey data assessing self-injury outcomes over time. This work provides empirical support for the relationship between participation in online forums and self-injury outcomes, and it articulates mechanisms contributing to this relationship. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship Between the Use of a Mobile Peer-Support App and Self-Injury Outcomes: Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study

10.2196/21854 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e21854
Author(s):  
Kaylee Payne Kruzan ◽  
Janis Whitlock ◽  
Natalya N Bazarova
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many individuals who self-injure seek support and information through online communities and mobile peer-support apps. Although researchers have identified risks and benefits of participation, empirical work linking participation in these web-based spaces to self-injury behaviors and thoughts is limited. Objective This study aims to investigate the relationship between behavioral and linguistic traces on a mobile peer support app and self-injury outcomes. Methods Natural use data and web-based surveys (N=697) assessing self-injury outcomes were collected from 268 users (aged 13-38 years; median 19; 149/268, 55.6% female) of a mobile peer-support app for 4 months. Participants were identified as having posted self-injury content using an internal classifier. Natural log data was used to predict self-injury outcomes in a series of multilevel logistic and linear regressions. Results Greater engagement on a mobile peer-support app was associated with a decreased likelihood of self-injury thoughts (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.73) and fewer intentions to self-injure (b=−0.37, SE 0.09), whereas posting triggering content was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in behaviors (OR 5.37, 95% CI 1.25-23.05) and having self-injury thoughts (OR 17.87, 95% CI 1.64-194.15). Moreover, viewing triggering content was related to both a greater ability to resist (b=1.39, SE 0.66) and a greater intention to self-injure (b=1.50, SE 0.06). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to connect naturally occurring log data to survey data assessing self-injury outcomes over time. This work provides empirical support for the relationship between participation in online forums and self-injury outcomes, and it articulates mechanisms contributing to this relationship.

scholarly journals Use of a Mobile Peer Support App Among Young People With Nonsuicidal Self-injury: Small-scale Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/26526 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e26526
Author(s):  
Kaylee Payne Kruzan ◽  
Janis Whitlock ◽  
Natalya N Bazarova ◽  
Aparajita Bhandari ◽  
Julia Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Injury

Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread behavior among adolescents and young adults. Although many individuals who self-injure do not seek treatment, there is evidence for web-based help-seeking through web-based communities and mobile peer support networks. However, few studies have rigorously tested the efficacy of such platforms on outcomes relevant for NSSI recovery. Objective The aim of this small-scale preregistered randomized controlled trial is to provide preliminary insight into the shorter- and longer-term efficacy of the use of a peer support app, TalkLife, in reducing NSSI frequency and urges and increasing readiness to change. In addition, we explore contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. Methods Individuals aged 16-25 years with current (within 3 months) and chronic (>6 episodes in the past year) NSSI history were eligible to participate in this study. After baseline assessments, the intervention group was instructed to use the app actively (eg, post or comment at least three times per week) and the control group received weekly psychoeducational materials through email, for 8 weeks. Follow-up was assessed at 1 month and 2 months. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate condition and time point effects for the primary outcomes of NSSI frequency and urges, readiness to change, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. Results A total of 131 participants were included in the analysis. We evidenced a significant effect of condition on NSSI frequency such that the participants using the peer support app self-injured less over the course of the study (mean 1.30, SE 0.18) than those in the control condition (mean 1.62, SE 0.18; P=.02; η2=0.02). We also evidenced a significant condition effect of readiness to change such that the treatment participants reported greater confidence in their ability to change their NSSI behavior (mean 6.28, SE 0.41) than the control participants (mean 5.67, SE 0.41; P=.04; η2=0.02). No significant differences were observed for contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking. Conclusions Use of the peer support app was related to reduced NSSI frequency and greater confidence in one’s ability to change NSSI behavior over the course of the study period, but no effects on NSSI urges, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking were observed. The findings provide preliminary support for considering the use of mobile peer support apps as a supplement to NSSI intervention and point to the need for larger-scale trials. Trial Registration Open Science Foundation; https://osf.io/3uay9

Adult Pornography, Male Peer Support, and Violence Against Women

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. DeKeseredy ◽  
Patrik Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Woman Abuse ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Male Peer ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Male Peer Support ◽  
The Relationship

It is estimated that there are over a million pornographic sites on the Internet, with as many as 10,000 added every week. In addition to having a major financial impact, adult pornography is strongly associated with various types of violence against women, especially sexual assault. Some studies have found that the contribution of pornography to woman abuse in dating, marriage, and during or after separation/divorce is related to male peer support, which refers to the attachments to male peers and the resources they provide that perpetuate and legitimate woman abuse. The main objective of this chapter is twofold: (1) to review the extant social scientific research on the relationship between violence against women, male peer support, and adult Internet pornography and (2) to suggest new directions in empirical work on the association between these three social problems.

Effects of a Video-Based Teacher Observation Program on the De-Privatization of Instruction: Evidence From a Randomized Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Quinn ◽  
Thomas J. Kane ◽  
Miriam Greenberg ◽  
Daniel Thal
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Peer Observation ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
School Year ◽  
Improve Instruction ◽  
Program Components

Purpose: U.S. schools have traditionally been characterized by teacher privacy and independence, yet theory and empirical work suggest that peer observation and support—or “de-privatized instruction”—can help improve pedagogical practice. In this study, we investigate whether the introduction of video technology into a school—through a video-based teacher evaluation system called Best Foot Forward (BFF)—led to instructional de-privatization, even in the absence of program components designed to encourage de-privatization. Research Method: Eighty-five schools were randomly assigned to BFF or a control condition. After one school year, teachers and administrators completed Web-based surveys about their experiences. Findings: We find that BFF caused administrators to facilitate more peer support among teachers, made teachers more likely to share lesson videos with colleagues, led teachers to have more of their lessons seen by other teachers, and redistributed which teachers were providing instructional support to colleagues (with relatively newer teachers taking on a larger role in providing peer support). Implications: Results suggest that video technology may be an effective tool for efforts to improve instruction by increasing peer observation and support.

scholarly journals Use of a Mobile Peer Support App Among Young People With Nonsuicidal Self-injury: Small-scale Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee Payne Kruzan ◽  
Janis Whitlock ◽  
Natalya N Bazarova ◽  
Aparajita Bhandari ◽  
Julia Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Injury

BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread behavior among adolescents and young adults. Although many individuals who self-injure do not seek treatment, there is evidence for web-based help-seeking through web-based communities and mobile peer support networks. However, few studies have rigorously tested the efficacy of such platforms on outcomes relevant for NSSI recovery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this small-scale preregistered randomized controlled trial is to provide preliminary insight into the shorter- and longer-term efficacy of the use of a peer support app, TalkLife, in reducing NSSI frequency and urges and increasing readiness to change. In addition, we explore contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. METHODS Individuals aged 16-25 years with current (within 3 months) and chronic (&gt;6 episodes in the past year) NSSI history were eligible to participate in this study. After baseline assessments, the intervention group was instructed to use the app actively (eg, post or comment at least three times per week) and the control group received weekly psychoeducational materials through email, for 8 weeks. Follow-up was assessed at 1 month and 2 months. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate condition and time point effects for the primary outcomes of NSSI frequency and urges, readiness to change, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, and attitudes toward professional help–seeking. RESULTS A total of 131 participants were included in the analysis. We evidenced a significant effect of condition on NSSI frequency such that the participants using the peer support app self-injured less over the course of the study (mean 1.30, SE 0.18) than those in the control condition (mean 1.62, SE 0.18; <i>P</i>=.02; <i>η</i><sup>2</sup>=0.02). We also evidenced a significant condition effect of readiness to change such that the treatment participants reported greater confidence in their ability to change their NSSI behavior (mean 6.28, SE 0.41) than the control participants (mean 5.67, SE 0.41; <i>P</i>=.04; <i>η</i><sup>2</sup>=0.02). No significant differences were observed for contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking. CONCLUSIONS Use of the peer support app was related to reduced NSSI frequency and greater confidence in one’s ability to change NSSI behavior over the course of the study period, but no effects on NSSI urges, contact with informal support, interest in therapy, or attitudes toward professional help–seeking were observed. The findings provide preliminary support for considering the use of mobile peer support apps as a supplement to NSSI intervention and point to the need for larger-scale trials. CLINICALTRIAL Open Science Foundation; https://osf.io/3uay9

scholarly journals Investigating the relationship between task complexity, cognitive ability and disorientation in hypertext navigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Alper Bayazıt ◽  
Servet Bayram ◽  
Gonca Kızılkaya Cumaoğlu
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Navigation Task ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Navigation Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

Users sometimes face a common and serious problem called disorientation, which is defined as the feeling of being lost in a web-based environment. It is important to determine the reasons for disorientation in order to make the students navigate more efficiently in these environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between navigation patterns, disorientation level and students’ cognitive ability. For this purpose, an experimental research was designed and a 223-page Wiki environment was developed as a network structured hypertext environment. Sixty-nine university students’ navigation processes including 6.880-row log data were recorded in order to measure their disorientation scores. We found that task complexity negatively affected disorientation scores. Disorientation scores decreased as the tasks became more difficult. Possible causes of the results are discussed. Keywords: Disorientation, cognitive ability, hypermedia navigation, task complexity.

Ups and downs on the roller coaster of task conflict: the role of group cognitive complexity, collective emotional intelligence and team creativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Andreea Gheorghe ◽  
Oana Fodor ◽  
Anișoara Pavelea
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the association between task conflict and team creativity and the role of group cognitive complexity (GCC) as a potential explanatory mechanism in a sample of 159 students organized in 49 groups. Moreover, we analyzed the moderating effect of collective emotional intelligence (CEI)in the relationship between task conflict and GCC.As hypothesized, we found that task conflict has a nonlinear relationship with GCC, but contrary to our expectations, it follows a U-shaped association, not an inversed U-shape. In addition,the moderating role of CEI was significant only at low levels. Contrary to our expectation, the mediating role of GCC did not receive empirical support. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.

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