scholarly journals A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Bin Morshed ◽  
Samruddhi Shreeram Kulkarni ◽  
Richard Li ◽  
Koustuv Saha ◽  
Leah Galante Roper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Detection System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary

BACKGROUND Eating behavior has a high impact on the well-being of an individual. Such behavior involves not only when an individual is eating, but also various contextual factors such as with whom and where an individual is eating and what kind of food the individual is eating. Despite the relevance of such factors, most automated eating detection systems are not designed to capture contextual factors. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (1) design and build a smartwatch-based eating detection system that can detect meal episodes based on dominant hand movements, (2) design ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions to capture meal contexts upon detection of a meal by the eating detection system, and (3) validate the meal detection system that triggers EMA questions upon passive detection of meal episodes. METHODS The meal detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of 3 weeks. The participants reported various contextual data through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria. RESULTS Among the total consumed meals, 89.8% (264/294) of breakfast, 99.0% (406/410) of lunch, and 98.0% (589/601) of dinner episodes were detected by our novel meal detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 96.48% (1259/1305) of the meals consumed by the participants. The meal detection classifier showed a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87.3%. We found that over 99% (1248/1259) of the detected meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. A high proportion of meals was consumed alone (680/1259, 54.01%). Our participants self-reported 62.98% (793/1259) of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture the eating context, which has strong implications for well-being research. We reflected on the contextual data gathered by our system and discussed how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study

10.2196/20625 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e20625
Author(s):  
Mehrab Bin Morshed ◽  
Samruddhi Shreeram Kulkarni ◽  
Richard Li ◽  
Koustuv Saha ◽  
Leah Galante Roper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Detection System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Background Eating behavior has a high impact on the well-being of an individual. Such behavior involves not only when an individual is eating, but also various contextual factors such as with whom and where an individual is eating and what kind of food the individual is eating. Despite the relevance of such factors, most automated eating detection systems are not designed to capture contextual factors. Objective The aims of this study were to (1) design and build a smartwatch-based eating detection system that can detect meal episodes based on dominant hand movements, (2) design ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions to capture meal contexts upon detection of a meal by the eating detection system, and (3) validate the meal detection system that triggers EMA questions upon passive detection of meal episodes. Methods The meal detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of 3 weeks. The participants reported various contextual data through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria. Results Among the total consumed meals, 89.8% (264/294) of breakfast, 99.0% (406/410) of lunch, and 98.0% (589/601) of dinner episodes were detected by our novel meal detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 96.48% (1259/1305) of the meals consumed by the participants. The meal detection classifier showed a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87.3%. We found that over 99% (1248/1259) of the detected meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. A high proportion of meals was consumed alone (680/1259, 54.01%). Our participants self-reported 62.98% (793/1259) of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior. Conclusions The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture the eating context, which has strong implications for well-being research. We reflected on the contextual data gathered by our system and discussed how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.

A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Behaviors In-the-Wild (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Bin Morshed ◽  
Samruddhi Shreeram Kulkarni ◽  
Richard Li ◽  
Koustuv Saha ◽  
Lama Nachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND This paper describes a semi-automated eating detection system that leverages Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) questions to capture contextual factors upon detecting when an individual is eating. Our validation study demonstrates the efficacy of the system by deploying it in-the-wild among college students. OBJECTIVE This study builds a semi-automated eating detection system that leverages Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) questions to capture contextual factors upon detecting when an individual is eating. It also demonstrates the efficacy of the system by deploying it in-the-wild among college students. METHODS The eating detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of three weeks. The participants reported various contextual information through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria. RESULTS Among the total consumed meals, 90% of breakfast, 99% of lunch, and 98% of dinner episodes were detected by our novel eating detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 95.67% of the meals out of 1,259 meals consumed by the participants. The eating detection classifier shows a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87%. We found that over 99% of the meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. Significant portions of meals were consumed alone (54.09%) in dorm rooms or apartment housing (31.19%). Our participants self-reported 63% of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture eating context, which has significant implications for wellbeing research. We reflect on the contextual data that has been gathered by our system and discuss how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.

Simple Pleasures: How Goal-Aligned Behaviours Relate to State Happiness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Wang ◽  
Marina Milyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Goal Alignment ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
The Individual

Goal progress has been consistently linked to subjective well-being and happiness (Klug & Maier, 2015), but do the individual actions of doing something helpful for personal goals have similar effects? The current study investigates how goal alignment – the perception that you are engaging in activities that are aligned with personal goals - might be associated with state happiness. We hypothesized that people will feel happier when the activities they are performing are aligned with their goals. The study also explored the roles of goal progress and competence in this relation. Data on goal-activity alignment, goal progress, competence, and state happiness were collected in an experience-sampling study with undergraduate students (N = 159) and a survey study with Amazon MTurk workers (N = 252). Using multilevel analyses and regression analyses, results indicated that participants were happier when they were pursuing activities that were more closely aligned with their goals than when pursuing less goal-aligned activities; the results remained significant after accounting for goal progress. Participants who were more goal-aligned on average reported greater state happiness; this effect was nonsignificant when goal progress was accounted for. Results suggest that goal alignment has a significant and unique effect on state happiness and that goal pursuit has very immediate benefits that begin as soon as individuals start doing actions helpful for their personal goals.

scholarly journals Response of US Psychiatric Programs to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact on Trainees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Durns ◽  
Thomas Gethin-Jones ◽  
Eric Monson ◽  
Jennifer O’Donohoe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trainee Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Program Changes

Abstract Background: Medical training program and hospital response to the COVID-19 pandemic has varied greatly and has impacted trainee well-being. Which factors have specifically affected trainee wellness, however, has not yet been examined in depth. The aim of the study was to understand trainee perspectives on the individual psychiatry trainee programs’ hospitals’ objective COVID-19 preparedness management, and to gauge how program changes, and general pandemic-related concerns, have impacted trainee satisfaction and burnout.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of psychiatric trainees was distributed electronically throughout the country via various psychiatry residency program listservs in April 2020. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing simple linear regression.Results: From 352 respondents, the most frequent program changes were “decreased number of rotations requiring in-person patient care” and “increased call hours or duties.” Of pandemic-related concerns surveyed, the two greatest were “spreading COVID-19 to family/friends” and “co-residents’ burnout and anxiety.” A relationship was found between trainee satisfaction with perceived COVID-19 departmental response and comfort level of residents/fellows in expressing concerns with attending clinicians and department leadership.Conclusions: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, trainees have experienced a variety of changes to trainee program policies and guidelines. Overall, poor communication and trainee dissatisfaction with departmental response correlated with concern of infection and anxiety/burnout. Insights garnered from this study could provide scaffolding for the best practices to reduce trainee physician anxiety/burnout for the current and future pandemics of this variety and magnitude. Trial registration: Not applicable

scholarly journals Defining the Individual Injury Profile of Recreational Runners: Integrating Off-Training and Subjective Factors into the Assessment of Non-Professional Athletes

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Juan Restrepo-Villamizar ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Steven Vos
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Contextual Data ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Assessment Survey ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Non-professional runners make extensive use of consumer-available wearable devices and smartphone apps to monitor training sessions, health, and physical performance. Despite the popularity of these products, they usually neglect subjective factors, such as psychosocial stress, unexpected daily physical (in)activity, sleep quality perception, and/or previous injuries. Consequently, the implementation of these products may lead to underperformance, reduced motivation, and running-related injuries. This paper investigates how the integration of subjective training, off-training, and contextual factors from a 24/7 perspective might lead to better individual screening and health protection methods for recreational runners. Using an online-based Ecological Momentary Assessment survey, a seven-day cohort study was conducted. Twenty participants answered daily surveys three times a day regarding subjective off-training and contextual data; e.g., health, sleep, stress, training, environment, physiology, and lifestyle factors. The results show that daily habits of people are unstructured, unlikely predictable, and influenced by factors, such as the demands of work, social life, leisure time, or sleep. By merging these factors with sensor-based data, running-related systems would be able to better assess the individual workload of recreational runners and support them to reduce their risk of suffering from running-related injuries.

Associations Between Dutch LGBT Hate Crime Experience, Well-Being, Trust in the Police and Future Hate Crime Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Allard R. Feddes ◽  
Kai J. Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Abstract. LGBT-related hate crime is a conscious act of aggression against an LGBT citizen. The present research investigates associations between hate crime, psychological well-being, trust in the police and intentions to report future experiences of hate crime. A survey study was conducted among 391 LGBT respondents in the Netherlands. Sixteen percent experienced hate crime in the 12 months prior. Compared to non-victims, victims had significant lower psychological well-being, lower trust in the police and lower intentions to report future hate crime. Hate crime experience and lower psychological well-being were associated with lower reporting intentions through lower trust in the police. Helping hate crime victims cope with psychological distress in combination with building trust in the police could positively influence future reporting.

Engaged Study of the Qur'an: Gauging its Effect on the Life of the Individual and of Society

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Ruqayya Ṭā Hā Jābir al-cUlwānī
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The Individual

An engaged and perceptive contemplation of the Qur'an forms one of the most important bases for the cultural and social advancement of Muslims in all walks of life, and the absence of such study is one of the reasons behind the general cultural attenuation in the modern world. Reflection is one of the means of the construction and formation of a civilised society. The applied faculty of intellect creates an environment which allows reflective and considered thought to be developed from a functional perspective for the general well-being of society. Meanwhile the effective neglect of such study leads to the proliferation of superstition, dissent and social conflict. Indeed it can even be argued that it diminishes the significance of the laws and conventions which serve as the backbone of society. This paper reveals a number of factors which can impede the achievement of such an engaged study of the text: thus, for instance, thoughtless obedience to societal conventions; shortcomings in educational systems and syllabi; and a failure to encompass the significance of the Arabic language. Furthermore this paper presents several effective suggestions for nurturing students' potential, encouraging an environment which allows freedom of thought, and its refinement.

The Chemical Effect in Medicine Interaction Determining the Form and Speed of Psychical Involution in the Prosthetic Restauration in the Edentulous

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2306-2310
Author(s):  
Aureliana Caraiane ◽  
Razvan Leata ◽  
Veronica Toba ◽  
Doina Vesa ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

The progress made in dentistry during the latest decades is due, conceptually, to the new, systemic vision of man, which has also taken place in this field of medicine. In this context, the link between organic and psychic is indestructible. Thus illness is understood as a drama in which the somatic process has a psychic value, and the mental one has a body value. It is known that the morphological and functional integrity of the dental system, health and vigorousness, gives the individual a state of well-being that affects his somatic and psychic health, as any disturbance at this level entails repercussions in psychological and social behavior. Such a disruption is the total edification that seriously alters not only the dental system but the whole organism, putting various biological and psychosocial problems to the practitioner. The total expression represents not only a physical disability but also a psychological one. A special importance in studying psychological changes at total edentulous presents the psychological aspects of senile involution. This is not only a theoretical but also a practical importance due to the increase in the number of elderly people. Through the researches of the present paper we intend to present the reality of the psychological manifestations in the total edentation, which is objectified on different methods of psychodiagnosis in the first part, in order for the second part to be addressed to problems of prosthetic psychotherapy.The study comprises a group of 43 patients, of whom 24 were men and 19 women with total uni or bimaxilar edentation. Total edentation can be and is responsible for somatopsychic alterations, along with other pathogens, general, local, social, which sometimes can take a dramatic form, converting, where the area is also favorable, a pure somatic disease, for those who are not in psychopathy or even psychosis, although these latter cases are extremely rare and especially in youngsters, which would disrupt not only the person�s behavior as an individual, but also their status, function and social integrity. The treatment of dental and psychological complex is mandatory for any patient, but especially for the elderly, where recovery is more difficult, with disease-specific disorders adding to those of senescence.

Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

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