Knowledge and Awareness-based Survey of COVID-19 in the Eye Care Profession, Facts Sealed Myths. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Das Sanyam ◽  
Sanjay Sah ◽  
Pankaj Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

BACKGROUND Analysis of knowledge and awareness in the eye care profession is highly essential amid COVID-19 pandemic, myths have no place in medical research. OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of myth in knowledge and awareness of eye care. METHODS A qualitative survey, designed by a focused group of researchers, to access the knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 in eye care practitioners. Questions were prepared and sent through an online link. Altogether, 25 questions (both open and closed-ended) were employed in the survey. The overall responses were coded with percentage calculation, and mythological facts were overruled if they persisted with appropriate justification. RESULTS Of the total delivered links, 51% (n=310) participated in the survey. Only 46% of the total participants were aware that COVID-19 is a disease and SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent. The symptoms of COVID-19 were known to 94%, whereas only 54% were aware that everyone can get infected by SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, 49% of the participants had an idea about the mode of transmission of the disease and only 5% of the participants did not know the abbreviation of PPE. About 17% had no idea regarding RDT and 56% responded to RT-PCR as a confirmatory test for SARS-CoV-2. Almost 98% of participants recognized the WHO’s awareness message, but surprisingly 41% participants responded to another question felt that consumption of hot drinks kills the virus (is WHO’s awareness). Social distancing was key to restricting the disease spread; at the same time, about 41% had disagreement regarding PPE usage by eye care practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Eye care professionals seemed to be little behind the expected knowledge and awareness of COVID-19. One is recommended to follow the World Health Organization and National (Ministry of Health and Population, Nepal) guidelines for clinical practice and not to believe in baseless myths devoid of evidence.

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its manifestation

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the infection is intense worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed total deaths had noted 4.20% globally (March 21, 2020). Between the intervals of four months (July 21, 2020), confirmed total deaths had recorded 4.17%, globally. In India, 909 confirmed cases and 19 deaths were reported by Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, March 28, 2020. Between the intervals of 123 days In India, 1638870 confirmed cases and 35684 deaths. COVID-19 can potentially spread from person to person through direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, difficulty in breathing, and fatigue. A pregnant mother with COVID-19 has fewer chances to transfer this infection of her newborn babies. Children have less affected than an adult. A specific antiviral drug or vaccine has not been developed to cure the disease. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, nafamostat, nitazoxanide, and remdesivir have effective drugs to treat COVID-19. Many vaccine candidates are under pre-clinical and clinical studies. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, sign-symptoms, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, and effects of a pregnant mother with newborns, children, prevention, and drugs affective to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19 and impacts on medical education: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Kelly Kelly ◽  
Lie Rebecca Yen Hwei ◽  
Gilbert Sterling Octavius
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been affected by the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. The virus’ infectious nature pushed all sectors to implement social distancing measures in an effort to limit its transmission, including the education sector. We searched PubMed and Science Direct on June 12th and found 24 papers that are relevant to our review. After the World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 is a global threat, various countries took a variety of measures to limit the disease spread such as social distancing, self-quarantine, and closing public facilities that hold large gatherings, including universities and schools. Hospitals started to prioritize services for COVID-19 cases. Medical education programs are also affected by this disease, but not continuing in-person classes outweighs any benefit from traditional teaching methods. The previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) pandemics have shown ways to shift medical education to online platforms. In the current pandemic, online meetings are being used to hold lectures, classes, laboratory practices, and clinical skills classes. For clerkship students, online platforms might not be feasible because this eliminates patient-doctor relationships, but it appears for now to be the only option. Some institutions have involved medical students in the frontlines altogether. We encourage all parties to constantly evaluate, review, and improve the efforts of continuing medical education, especially during this pandemic. Further research is needed to evaluate students’ performance after adopting e-learning and to discover the best methods in medical education in general and clerkship education in particular.

scholarly journals Management of oncology patients receiving anti-cancer treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esat Namal ◽  
Nur Dinc ◽  
Sezer Saglam ◽  
Ali Vefa Ozturk ◽  
Safiye Koculu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background/Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has deeply affected life all over the World. The World Health Organization named this disease as COVID-19. The most important factor in the transmission of the disease is asymptomatic carriers. We’ve tested all oncology patients, that receive anti-cancer therapy, for COVİD-19 to prevent asymptomatic oncology patients from spreading infection and to make the decision to postpone chemotherapy in infected patients. Then, we analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of infected patients.Materials and Methods: Oncology patients who have indications of receiving anti-cancer treatment in the hospital were tested for COVID-19, two day prior to their treatment even if they were asymptomatic by collecting nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR for viral RNA detection. Positive patients, underwent inspiratory phase of chest computed tomography (CT) examination. Infected patients were given the recommended treatment for COVID-19. Anti-cancer treatment of all patients that had positive PCR results was delayed for 14 days.Results: PCR test was positive in 28 of 312 patients that we tested, and the positivity rate was 8.9%. Three patients (10.7%) had symptoms; 2 of whom had dyspnea and cough, and 1 had headache, and 25 patients (89.3%) had no symptoms.Conclusion: In oncology patients, who are receiving anti-cancer treatment, we have to recognize the asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. We recommend testing for COVID-19 in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, periodically or before each anti-cancer treatment, in order to continue their treatment without any problems and to prevent the risk of transmission.

scholarly journals Review of the Microbiological Diagnostic Approaches of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Melo-Vallès ◽  
Clara Ballesté-Delpierre ◽  
Jordi Vila
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Short Time

On March 12, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic following the exponential increase of SARS-CoV-2 cases. The rapid spread of the virus is due to both its high infectivity and the free circulation of unrecognized infectious cases. Thus, diagnostic testing is a key element to prevent further dissemination of the virus. Urged by WHO's call, laboratories worldwide have been working on nucleic acid tests protocols and immunoassays that became available, albeit poorly validated, within a comparatively short time. Since then, external studies evaluating these diagnostic tests have been published. The present study is a review of the COVID-19 diagnostic approaches, discussing both direct and indirect microbiological diagnoses. A compendium of the literature on commercial assays kits available to date is provided together with the conclusions drawn as well as RT-PCR protocols published by the WHO. Briefly, diagnostic accuracy varies according to time elapsed since symptom onset and evolves together with understanding of the COVID-19 disease. Taking into account all these variables will allow determining the most adequate diagnostic test to use and how to optimize diagnostic testing for COVID-19.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Sahhar ◽  
Karly Derwitz ◽  
Erica Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

scholarly journals Do We Really Need Hazard Prevention at the Expense of Safeguarding Death Dignity in COVID-19?

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Cristoforo Pomara ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Domenico Galante ◽  
Lorenzo Pace ◽  
Antonio Fasanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Replication Capacity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Test Objective

To date, little is known regarding the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection for subjects involved in handling, transporting, and examining deceased persons with known or suspected COVID-19 positivity at the time of death. This experimental study aims to define if and/or how long SARS-CoV-2 persists with replication capacity in the tissues of individuals who died with/from COVID-19, thereby generating infectious hazards. Sixteen patients who died with/from COVID-19 who underwent autopsy between April 2020 and April 2021 were included in this study. Based on PMI, all samples were subdivided into two groups: ‘short PMI’ group (eight subjects who were autopsied between 12 to 72 h after death); ‘long PMI’ (eight subjects who were autopsied between 24 to 78 days after death). All patients tested positive for RT-PCR at nasopharyngeal swab both before death and on samples collected during post-mortem investigation. Moreover, a lung specimen was collected and frozen at −80 °C in order to perform viral culture. The result was defined based on the cytopathic effect (subjective reading) combined with the positivity of the RT-PCR test (objective reading) in the supernatant. Only in one sample (PMI 12 h), virus vitality was demonstrated. This study, supported by a literature review, suggests that the risk of cadaveric infection in cases of a person who died from/with COVID-19 is extremely low in the first hours after death, becoming null after 12 h after death, confirming the World Health Organization (WHO) assumed in March 2020 and suggesting that the corpse of a subject who died from/with COVID-19 should be generally considered not infectious.

scholarly journals GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND SARS-COV-2: MORE THAN JUST BEING OLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
I. Aprahamian ◽  
M. Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, China released a warning about an outbreak of pneumonia due to unknown causes (1). It was subsequently identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a zoonotic large size RNA-based genome virus, responsible for this infectious disease (called Covid-19) (2). The disease spread worldwide. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the state of pandemic, foretelling a catastrophe with major health and economic consequences. On April 3th, 1,039,166 cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 55,092 deaths have already been reported around the world (Johns Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html; last access April 4th). Unfortunately, the complete clinical and epidemiological picture of Covid-19 is still unclear. This coronavirus is highly contagious (primarily airborne, but also through contact with infected surfaces), and its severity ranges from asymptomatic/mild forms (the majority) to very severe cases (3). Currently, we are facing several challenges of difficult solution, such as lack of hospital and intensive care beds, shortage of personal protective equipment for health professionals, the loneliness and economic problems of isolated people, and the race for a vaccine and effective treatments.

scholarly journals The US CDC RT-PCR probes for the Wuhan 2019-nCoV are non-specific for SARS - there is a better non-specific 500bp option (21852-22427) within the spike-protein

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genomic Fragment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Inconclusive Result ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Homology ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has declared the Wuhan coronavirus [1–3] outbreak a public health emer- gency on 30th Jan, 2020. An accurate detection of the Wuhan virus is imperative to avoid false positives, since 2019-nCoV [2,3] shares significant homology [4] with other species.On the 24th of Jan, the CDC has published a list of 3 probes (Fig 1) for detecting the 2019-nCoV. Detection of all three probes would give a positive result, while detection of one or two gives an ’inconclusive result’ (and obviously negative when none are found).All 3 probes will have significant homology in other strains (Table 1 and Fig 2 ) - specifically SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). A much more specific option is to look within a 500bp genomic fragment in the N-terminal of the spike protein (Accid:NC 045512.2 [2],21852-22427, SI.cdc:nCoVFULLSLICE.fa), which seems to the most perturbed in this virulent strain [5].It is also important to have a common repository for all countries to be following a similar protocol. Many papers do no provide what PCR was used to detect coronaviruses [6].

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM PELAKSANAAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Stephanie PD ◽  
Enjelina S ◽  
Angelica MF ◽  
Imelda Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the 2019-nCoV type of corona virus as a pandemic of a new type of disease spread throughout the world, this is not only a public health case, but will touch every sector. The COVID-19 (cov-19) pandemic has resulted in an emergency for the healthy condition of the Indonesian people, so President Joko Widodo has issued Presidential Decree No. 11/2020. In "procuring vaccines and implementing vaccinations for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic" President Joko Widodo stipulates Presidential Decree No. 14/2021. In choosing health facilities and infrastructure independently & responsibly, every human being has the right to choose according to his wishes, due to the pandemic conditions that concern the interests of the people and the state, so giving vaccinations is actually voluntary because emergency conditions can be forced. Although there is already a legal umbrella for Law No. 4/1984: "Infectious Disease Outbreaks" and Law No. 6/2018: "Health Quarantine", many in the field agree and vice versa on the implementation of vaccination in the community. The purpose of the study is to understand the nature of the administration of the corona vaccine according to the laws and regulations adopted and the factors that occur in society. Using a normative method with a qualitative approach. Giving vaccines to the community is forced. limited availability of vaccines; there are those who support there are those who are antipathy from the community regarding the implementation of vaccination; uneven distribution. The reason for the community's refusal to receive the Covid-19 vaccine is due to different trusts, this is supported by the lack of communication channels as well as the delivery of information that is not well targeted, the data on the type of vaccine is limited in information, the availability of the Covid-19 vaccine, as well as safe conditions. The government should fully support the Nusantara vaccine and the Merah Putih vaccine developed by Indonesian researchers. World Health Organizatioan (WHO) mendefinisikan Virus corona jenis Virus 2019-nCoV sebagai pandemi jenis penyebaran penyakit baru keseluruh dunia, hal ini bukan hanya kasus kesehatan masyarakat, tapi akan menyentuh setiap sektor. Pandemi covid-19(cov-19) mengakibatkan kedaruratan kondisi sehat khalayak Indonesia, sehingga Presiden Joko Widodo menetapkan KeppresNo.11/2020. Dalam “pengadaan vaksin dan pelaksanaan vaksinasi untuk penanggulangan pandemi covid-19” Presiden Joko widodo menetapkan Perpres No.14/2021. Dalam memilih sarana juga prasarana kesehatan secara mandiri & bertangggungjawab tiap manusia punya hak memilih sesuai dengan keinginannya, berhubung kondisi pandemi yang menyangkut kepentingan rakyat dan negara lebih diutamakan, jadi pemberian vaksinasi yang sebenaranya bersifat volunteer karena kondisi darurat bisa bersifat dipaksakan. Meskipun sudah ada payung hukum UU No.4/1984:”Wabah Penyakit Menular” serta UU No.6/2018:“Kekarantinaan Kesehatan”, tapi dilapangan banyak yang setuju dan sebaliknya pada pelaksanaan vaksinasi dimasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk memahami sifat dari pemberian vaksin corona menurut peraturan perundangan yang dianut dan faktor- faktor yang terjadi di masyarakat.  Memakai metode normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pemberian vaksin kepada masyarakat bersifat memaksa. keterbatasan ketersedian vaksin; ada yang mendukung ada yang antipati dari masyarakat terkait pelaksanaan vaksinasi; penyaluran yang tidak merata. Alasan penolakan masyarakat dalam menerima vaksin Covid-19 dikarenakan adanya trust yang berbeda,  hal ini didukung kurangnya alur komunikasi juga cara penyampaian informasi yang kurang tepat sasaran, data jenis vaksin terbatas informasinya, ketersediaan vaksinCov-19, juga syarat aman. Pemerintah selayaknya mendukung penuh vaksin Nusantara dan vaksin Merah Putih  yang dikembangkan para peneliti Indonesia.

scholarly journals A current update on viral classification, diagnosis and available treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gift Eyareosowo Oden ◽  
Himmat Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Abhay Raizada ◽  
Gaurav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Current

In December of 2019, an outbreak of a disease began at Wuhan, China and would later be named the coronavirus disease2019 (covid-19) by the World Health Organization and further declared a global pandemic. Since the onset of this disease, the pattern of day to day activities had been disrupted in a bid to curb this menace to society. This paper work touches on basic viral classification, as well as structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the main causative agent of covid-19. This review work also sheds light on symptoms associated with this disease, mode of transmission, method of diagnosis and medications available in treating the symptoms. Potential vaccines available in India are also discussed here.

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