scholarly journals Exploring the Paradoxical Relationship of a Creb 3 Regulatory Factor Missense Variant With Body Mass Index and Diabetes Among Samoans: Protocol for the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Hawley ◽  
Alysa Pomer ◽  
Anna C. Rivara ◽  
Samantha L Rosenthal ◽  
Rachel L Duckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Samoa, like many other Pacific Island nations, has reached epidemic proportions. Although the etiology of these conditions can be largely attributed to the rapidly changing economic and nutritional environment, a recently identified genetic variant, rs373863828 (CREB 3 regulatory factor, CREBRF: c.1370G&gt;A p.[R457Q]) is associated with increased odds of obesity, but paradoxically, decreased odds of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) study was to precisely characterize the association of the <i>CREBRF</i> variant with metabolic (body composition and glucose homeostasis) and behavioral traits (dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight control behaviors) that influence energy homeostasis in 500 adults. METHODS A cohort of adult Samoans who participated in a genome-wide association study of adiposity in Samoa in 2010 was followed up, based on the presence or absence of the <i>CREBRF</i> variant, between August 2017 and March 2019. Over a period of 7-10 days, each participant completed the main study protocol, which consisted of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds), body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), point-of-care glycated hemoglobin measurement, a fasting blood draw and oral glucose tolerance test, urine collection, blood pressure measurement, hand grip strength measurement, objective physical activity and sleep apnea monitoring, and questionnaire measures (eg, health interview, cigarette and alcohol use, food frequency questionnaire, socioeconomic position, stress, social support, food and water insecurity, sleep, body image, and dietary preferences). In January 2019, a subsample of the study participants (n=118) completed a buttock fat biopsy procedure to collect subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. RESULTS Enrollment of 519 participants was completed in March 2019. Data analyses are ongoing, with results expected in 2020 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS While the genetic variant rs373863828, in CREBRF, has the largest known effect size of any identified common obesity gene, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms by which it confers increased odds of obesity but paradoxically lowered odds of type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will provide insights into how the gene functions on a whole-body level, which could provide novel targets to prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders. This study represents the human arm of a comprehensive and integrated approach involving humans as well as preclinical models that will provide novel insights into metabolic disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR1-10.2196/17329

scholarly journals Exploring the Paradoxical Relationship of a Creb 3 Regulatory Factor Missense Variant With Body Mass Index and Diabetes Among Samoans: Protocol for the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) Observational Cohort Study

10.2196/17329 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e17329
Author(s):  
Nicola L Hawley ◽  
Alysa Pomer ◽  
Anna C. Rivara ◽  
Samantha L Rosenthal ◽  
Rachel L Duckham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Samoa, like many other Pacific Island nations, has reached epidemic proportions. Although the etiology of these conditions can be largely attributed to the rapidly changing economic and nutritional environment, a recently identified genetic variant, rs373863828 (CREB 3 regulatory factor, CREBRF: c.1370G>A p.[R457Q]) is associated with increased odds of obesity, but paradoxically, decreased odds of diabetes. Objective The overarching goal of the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) study was to precisely characterize the association of the CREBRF variant with metabolic (body composition and glucose homeostasis) and behavioral traits (dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight control behaviors) that influence energy homeostasis in 500 adults. Methods A cohort of adult Samoans who participated in a genome-wide association study of adiposity in Samoa in 2010 was followed up, based on the presence or absence of the CREBRF variant, between August 2017 and March 2019. Over a period of 7-10 days, each participant completed the main study protocol, which consisted of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds), body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), point-of-care glycated hemoglobin measurement, a fasting blood draw and oral glucose tolerance test, urine collection, blood pressure measurement, hand grip strength measurement, objective physical activity and sleep apnea monitoring, and questionnaire measures (eg, health interview, cigarette and alcohol use, food frequency questionnaire, socioeconomic position, stress, social support, food and water insecurity, sleep, body image, and dietary preferences). In January 2019, a subsample of the study participants (n=118) completed a buttock fat biopsy procedure to collect subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. Results Enrollment of 519 participants was completed in March 2019. Data analyses are ongoing, with results expected in 2020 and 2021. Conclusions While the genetic variant rs373863828, in CREBRF, has the largest known effect size of any identified common obesity gene, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms by which it confers increased odds of obesity but paradoxically lowered odds of type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will provide insights into how the gene functions on a whole-body level, which could provide novel targets to prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders. This study represents the human arm of a comprehensive and integrated approach involving humans as well as preclinical models that will provide novel insights into metabolic disease. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/17329

scholarly journals Impact of Kinanthropometric Differences According to Non-Professional Sports Activity Practiced

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Navas Harrison ◽  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Amateur Athlete

Kinanthropometry allows us to analyze variations in physical dimensions and body composition. This study’s objective was to evaluate the kinanthropometric differences based on physical activity performance, depending on whether the lower body or the whole body is more or less potent and the differences with a sedentary population. We analyzed 131 individuals (74 men and 57 women), with an average age of 22.68 ± 2.98 years. We differentiated three populations: sedentary (n = 63), runners (n = 20), and basketball players (n = 48). Measurements and indices were obtained following the international protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results show differences between the populations regarding weight, height, wingspan, and certain perimeters, diameters, and morphotypes depending on the predominant training type and the sedentary population. These anthropometric measurements will allow the amateur athlete to compare between seasons or other moments of training, pay attention to their evolution, and assess the possibility of changes in training.

scholarly journals Dual X-ray absorptiometry whole body composition of adipose tissue in rheumatoid arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
C. Popescu ◽  
Violeta Bojincă ◽  
Daniela Opriş ◽  
Ruxandra Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Postmenopausal Female

Abstract Aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may influence not only abdominal fat, but also whole body adiposity, since it is associated with chronic inflammation and disability. The study aims to evaluate the whole body adiposity of RA patients and to assess potential influences of disease specific measures. Methods. The study was designed to include Caucasian postmenopausal female RA patients and age-matched postmenopausal female controls. Each subject underwent on the same day clinical examination, laboratory tests, whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) composition and physical activity estimation using a self-administered questionnaire. Results. A total of 107 RA women and 104 matched controls were included. Compared to controls, the RA group had less physical activity and a higher prevalence of normal weight obesity. Overfat RA women had a significantly higher toll of inflammation, disease activity, glucocorticoid treatment and sedentary behavior. RA women with inflammation, glucocorticoid treatment and higher disease activity class had higher whole body and trunk adipose tissue indices and higher prevalence of overfat status. Glucocorticoid treatment, inflammation, disease duration and severity correlated with whole body adipose tissue and significantly predicted high adiposity content and overfat phenotypes. Conclusions. RA disease duration and severity are associated with higher whole body and regional adiposity. Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment seems to contribute to adiposity gain and redistribution. Clinicians may need to assess body composition and physical activity in RA patients in order to fully manage cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life.

scholarly journals Effects of Parkour Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Male Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dvorak ◽  
Neil Eves ◽  
Vaclav Bunc ◽  
Jiri Balas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Running Speed

Background:Many children become less active as they age which increases their risk of developing of chronic conditions. Traditional forms of physical activity may not be optimal for them. There is a need for more attractive form of training to try and increase physical activity levels and improve the fitness of children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of performing parkour training on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength and body composition in adolescents.Methods:Using a single-group design, 12 males (age 16 ± 2 yr, weight = 69 ± 12 kg, height = 177 ± 7 cm) took part in a controlled indoor parkour intervention 2 days/week for 10 weeks. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), strength testing and body composition assessment before and after the exercise intervention.Results:Peak oxygen uptake (O2peak) significantly increased from 50.0 ± 4.9 ml·min-1·kg-1to 52.5 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at a standardized submaximal (10 km·h-1) running speed (O210km/h) significantly decreased from 37.7 ± 1.6 ml·min-1·kg-1to 36.7 ± 1.9 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at anaerobic treshold (O2@AT) significantly increased from 38.4 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1to 40.5 ± 3.9 ml·min-1·kg-1, heart rate at anaerobic treshold (HR@AT) and running speed at anaerobic threshold. We also found a significant increase in standing broad jump from 234 ± 29 cm to 251 ± 23 cm and bent arm hang from 34 ± 24 s to 37 ± 24 s.Conclusion:Parkour training is an effective intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and strength in adolescent males. Parkour is a viable form of physical activity to improve the health and fitness of children and adolescents.

Changes in Energy Metabolism from Prepregnancy to Postpartum: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia C.R. Pereira ◽  
Sarah A. Elliott ◽  
Linda J. McCargar ◽  
Rhonda C. Bell ◽  
Carla M. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

Purpose: Energy metabolism is at the core of maintaining healthy body weights. Likewise, the assessment of energy needs is essential for providing adequate dietary advice. We explored differences in energy metabolism of a primigravid woman (age: 30 years) at 1 month prepregnancy (“baseline”), during pregnancy (33 weeks), and at 3 and 9 months postpartum. Measured versus estimated energy expenditure were compared using equations commonly used in clinical practice. Methods: Energy metabolism was measured using a state-of-the-art whole body calorimetry unit (WBCU). Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy intake (3-day food records), physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), and breastmilk volume/breastfeeding energy expenditure (24-hours of infant test–retest weighing) were assessed. Results: This case report is the first to assess energy expenditure in 3 different stages of a woman’s life (prepregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum) using WBCU. We noticed that weight and energy needs returned to prepregnancy values at 9 months postpartum, although a pattern of altered body composition emerged (higher fat/lean ratio) without changes in physical activity and energy intake. For this woman, current recommendations for energy overestimated actual needs by 350 kcal/day (9 months postpartum). Conclusion: It is likely that more accurate approaches are needed to estimate energy needs during and postpregnancy, with targeted interventions to optimize body composition.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in older black South African women and relationships with body composition, dietary intake and physical activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mendham ◽  
Naomi E. Brooks ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Mieke Faber ◽  
Dirk L. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
South African ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Black South African ◽  
T Score

AbstractIntroductionOsteoporosis was not a public health concern in black South African (SA) women, until recently when it was reported that the prevalence of vertebral fractures was 9.1% in black compared to 5.0% in white SA women. Accordingly, this study aimed to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of older black SA women and to investigate its association with risk factors for osteoporosis, including strength, muscle and fat mass, dietary intake and objectively measured physical activity (PA).Methods and materialsOlder black SA women (age, 68 (range; 60–85 years) n = 122) completed sociodemographic and quantitative food frequency questionnaires (QFFQ), fasting venous blood samples (25-hydroxycholecalciferol: Vitamin D-25), 24 h urine collection (estimate protein intake), grip strength and PA monitoring (activPAL). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip (femoral neck and total) and lumbar spine determined BMD and whole-body scans for fat and fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM). WHO classifications were used to determine osteopenia (t-score -2.5 to -1), and osteoporosis (t-score < -2.5).ResultsAt the lumbar spine 34.4% of the women (n = 42) had osteopenia and 19.7% (n = 24) had osteoporosis. Osteopenia at the left femoral neck was 32% (n = 40) and osteoporosis was 13.1% (n = 16) of participants. The total left hip BMD indicated osteopenia in 27.9% (n = 34) and osteoporosis in 13.1% (n = 16) of participants. Multinomial regression revealed no differences in age (y) or frequency of falls in the past year between all groups (p = 0.727). Compared to those with normal BMD, participants with osteoporosis at the hip neck and lumbar spine were shorter, weighed less and had a lower body mass index (BMI) (all p < 0.05). When adjusted for height, the osteoporotic group (hip neck and lumbar spine) had lower trunk fat (% whole body), FFSTM (kg) and grip strength (kg), compared to those with normal BMD (p < 0.05). Only protein intake (g; 24 h urine analyses) was lower in women with osteoporosis (all sites) compared to those with normal BMD. Fat, carbohydrate and micronutrient intakes (relative to total daily energy intake), and vitamin D concentrations were not associated with BMD (all sites). Number of daily step count and stepping time (min) were inversely associated with BMI (p < 0.05), but not with BMD (all sites; p > 0.05).DiscussionA high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was evident at the lumbar spine and hip in older black SA women. This study highlights the importance of strength, body composition, and protein intake in maintaining BMD and preventing the development of osteoporosis in older women.

scholarly journals Cole Parameter Estimation from the Modulus of the Electrical Bioimpeadance for Assessment of Body Composition. A Full Spectroscopy Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buendia ◽  
R. Gil-Pita ◽  
F. Seoane
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Impedance Plane ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance

Abstract Activities around applications of Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) have proliferated in the past decade significantly. Most of these activities have been focused in the analysis of the EBIS measurements, which eventually might enable novel applications. In Body Composition Assessment (BCA), the most common analysis approach currently used in EBIS is based on the Cole function, which most often requires curve fitting. One of the most implemented approaches for obtaining the Cole parameters is performed in the impedance plane through the geometrical properties that the Cole function exhibit in such domain as depressed semi-circle. To fit the measured impedance data to a semi-circle in the impedance plane, obtaining the Cole parameters in an indirect and sequential manner has several drawbacks. Applying a Non-Linear Least Square (NLLS) iterative fitting on the spectroscopy measurement, obtains the Cole parameters considering the frequency information contained in the measurement. In this work, from experimental total right side EBIS measurements, the BCA parameters have been obtained to assess the amount and distribution of whole body fluids. The values for the BCA parameters have been obtained using values for the Cole parameters estimated with both approaches: circular fitting on the impedance plane and NLLS impedance-only fitting. The comparison of the values obtained for the BCA parameters with both methods confirms that the NLLS impedance-only is an effective alternative as Cole parameter estimation method in BCA from EBIS measurements. Using the modulus of the Cole function as the model for the fitting would eliminate the need for performing phase detection in the acquisition process, simplifying the hardware specifications of the measurement instrumentation when implementing a bioimpedance spectrometer.

scholarly journals Preseason Body Composition Adaptations in Elite White and Polynesian Rugby Union Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Zemski ◽  
Shelley E. Keating ◽  
Elizabeth M. Broad ◽  
Damian J. Marsh ◽  
Karen Hind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Effects

During preseason training, rugby union (RU) athletes endeavor to enhance physical performance characteristics that are aligned with on-field success. Specific physique traits are associated with performance; therefore body composition assessment is routinely undertaken in elite environments. This study aimed to quantify preseason physique changes in elite RU athletes with unique morphology and divergent ethnicity. Twenty-two White and Polynesian professional RU athletes received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessments at the beginning and conclusion of an 11-week preseason. Interactions between on-field playing position and ethnicity in body composition adaptations were explored, and the least significant change model was used to evaluate variations at the individual level. There were no combined interaction effects with the variables position and ethnicity and any body composition measure. After accounting for baseline body composition, Whites gained more lean mass during the preseason than Polynesians (2,425 ± 1,303 g vs. 1,115 ± 1,169 g; F = 5.4, p = .03). Significant main effects of time were found for whole body and all regional measures with fat mass decreasing (F = 31.1–52.0, p < .01), and lean mass increasing (F = 12.0–40.4, p < .01). Seventeen athletes (nine White and eight Polynesian) had a reduction in fat mass, and eight athletes (six White and two Polynesian) increased lean mass. This study describes significant and meaningful physique changes in elite RU athletes during a preseason period. Given the individualized approach applied to athletes in regard to nutrition and conditioning interventions, a similar approach to that used in this study is recommended to assess physique changes in this population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document