scholarly journals Age-Associated Capacity to Progress When Playing Cognitive Mobile Games: Ecological Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Jean-Christophe Bier ◽  
Olivier Van Hove ◽  
Sally Sheldon ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

BACKGROUND The decline of cognitive function is an important issue related to aging. Over the last few years, numerous mobile apps have been developed to challenge the brain with cognitive exercises; however, little is currently known about how age influences capacity for performance improvement when playing cognitive mobile games. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the score data of cognitive mobile games over a period of 100 gaming sessions to determine age-related learning ability for new cognitive tasks by measuring the level of score improvement achieved by participants of different ages. METHODS Scores from 9000 individuals of different ages for 7 cognitive mobile games over 100 gaming sessions were analyzed. Scores from the first session were compared between age groups using one-way analysis of variance. Mixed models were subsequently used to investigate the progression of scores over 100 sessions. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between age groups for the initial scores of 6 of the 7 games (linear trend, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Cognitive mobile game scores increased for all participants (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) suggesting that all participants were able to improve their performance. The rate of improvement was, however, strongly influenced by the age of the participant with slower progression for older participants (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence to support two interesting insights—cognitive mobile game scores appear to be sensitive to the changes in cognitive ability that occur with advancing age; therefore, these games could be a convenient way to monitor cognitive function over long-term follow-up, and users who train with the cognitive mobile games improve regardless of age.

scholarly journals Changes in Jumping and Throwing Performances in Age-Group Athletes Competing in the European Masters Athletics Championships between 1978 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kundert ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Pole Vault

The results of master athletes have been used previously to examine the age-related differences in aerobic capacity, however, less research has been conducted on the variation of jumping and throwing performances with aging. Therefore, the aim of the present study of elite master athletes was to investigate (a) the age-related differences in throwing (i.e., discus, hammer, javelin, and shot put) and jumping events (i.e., high jump, long jump, pole vault, and triple jump) in 5-year age-group intervals from 35–39 to 95–99 years of elite master athletes, and (b) the trends in performance and sex differences. The top eight female and male finalists for each age group and in each event from 20 European Masters Athletics Championships held between 1978 and 2017 were considered. Overall, 13,673 observations from 4726 master athletes were analyzed. For each event separately, a mixed regression model was performed with sex, age group, calendar year, and interaction terms (sex-age group, sex-year) defined as fixed effects. Performances were improving over time with a linear trend overall for each event. Men had better performances as compared to women, (i.e., in triple jump the estimated difference was 2.58 m, p < 0.001). Performances declined with age for each event (i.e., in triple jump, compared with the age group 45–49 years, performance in the age group 35–39 years was 0.98 m better and performance in the age group 85–89 years was 6.24 m worse). The decline of male performances with age was either slower or faster than the decline of female performances depending on age groups and events.

Comparison of the WAIS and WAIS-R at Different Ages in a Clinical Population

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan L. Rogers ◽  
David Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Performances on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the WAIS-Revised (WAIS-R) were compared between groups at different ages. We studied 176 subjects (primarily outpatients) who were referred for assessment of cognitive function. Although all age groups tended to obtain lower scores on the WAIS-R, older subjects were penalized more on Performance and Full Scale IQs when the revised form was used. However, interactions suggest that differences in the scores on the WAIS and WAIS-R in a clinical population may reflect an interaction among age, presenting complaint, and other factors.

scholarly journals Characterization of Oral Tactile Sensitivity and Chewing Efficiency Across Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Shupe ◽  
Zoe N. Resmondo ◽  
Curtis R. Luckett
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Texture Perception ◽  
Tactile Acuity ◽  
Force Sensitivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chewing Efficiency ◽  
Oral Processing

AbstractTexture perception is one of the most important factors in food acceptance, yet population-wide differences in texture sensations are not well understood. The variation in texture perception across populations is thought to depend on oral tactile sensitivity and oral processing behaviors. To address this hypothesis, we aimed to measure tactile acuity with a battery of tests and quantitate the relationship to oral processing. The study was performed on 98 participants, in 3 age groups (20-25, 35-45, or over 62). Two main measures of oral sensitivity were performed: to assess bite force, subjects were asked to discriminate between foam samples of varying hardness. Secondly, to assess lingual sensitivity the subjects were asked to identify 3D printed shapes, ranging from 3mm to 8mm, using their tongue, as well as identify confectionary letters. Additionally, chewing efficiency was measured through assessing each participants ability to mix two-colored chewing gum. In general, we found that sensitivity and chewing efficiency in the younger age groups was superior to that of older adults (p<0.0001). We also found a positive linear trend between bite force sensitivity and chewing efficiency with younger participants, a trend not found in older participants. We found no significant relationship between age groups for bite force and chewing efficiency, suggesting that age-related declines in bite force sensitivity are not a significant cause of altered oral processing ability. These results help bolster evidence that sensitivity and oral processing are related, as well previously reported declines in both as people age.

scholarly journals Risk Perception in a Real-World Situation (COVID-19): How It Changes From 18 to 87 Years Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Rosi ◽  
Floris Tijmen van Vugt ◽  
Serena Lecce ◽  
Irene Ceccato ◽  
Martine Vallarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Real World Situation

Studies on age-related differences in risk perception in a real-world situation, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak, showed that the risk perception of getting COVID-19 tends to decrease as age increases. This finding raised the question on what factors could explain risk perception in older adults. The present study examined age-related differences in risk perception in the early stages of COVID-19 lockdown, analyzing variables that can explain the differences in perception of risk at different ages. A total of 1,765 adults aged between 18 and 87 years old completed an online survey assessing perceived risk severity and risk vulnerability of getting COVID-19, sociodemographic status, emotional state, experience relating to COVID-19, and physical health status. Results showed that the older the participants, the lower the perceived vulnerability to getting COVID-19, but the higher the perceived severity. Different predictors explain the perception of risk severity and vulnerability at different ages. Overall, self-reported anxiety over the pandemic is a crucial predictor in explaining risk perceptions in all age groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the empirical findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in how speakers relay news in face-threatening contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Long ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Paula Rubio-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Switch Strategy

Following recent work on pragmatics and ageing, this study investigates how adults of different ages relay bad news in face-threatening situations. Three factors were manipulated between subjects: the recipient (whether or not they were affected by the news), the severity of the news, and whether or not the news was health-related. Participants (N=280; ages 18-89) delivered bad news both through open-ended responses and by selecting probability terms from multiple choice. Responses were coded for indirectness, uncertainty and emotion, and supported our initial predictions: younger adults were more sensitive to the recipient manipulation than older adults, while both age groups adjusted their speech similarly depending on the severity of the news. Older adults engaged in more face saving when the number of health scenarios increased, although they did not switch strategy across scenarios. Our results are consistent with previous evidence that younger adults are better at audience design than older adults. However, we also found that these skills are partially context-dependent, and could vary due to life circumstances and different communicative strategies at different ages.

scholarly journals Age-Related Trends in Different Aspects of the Breeding Performance of Individual Female Eurasian Sparrowhawks (Accipiter Nisus)

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Newton ◽  
Peter Rothery
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Accipiter Nisus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Mean Trend

Abstract Age-related trends in breeding performance of female Eurasian Sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) were examined in south Scotland. Over a 22 year period, most individuals were banded and of known age. Previous analyses had shown that average number of young raised per breeding attempt (or year) increased progressively in successive age-groups to midlife (around five years) and declined thereafter. Here we analyze different components of breeding performance (such as clutch-size, hatching and fledging success) to find which components contribute most importantly to the overall age-related trend in productivity. Most aspects of breeding showed a similar upward–downward trend through the life span, but the downward trend in productivity in later life could be attributed mainly to poorer nestling survival. In general, in each aspect of breeding, the mean trend of the population as a whole was followed by individuals studied at different ages. Such individual trends were sufficient to account for the overall mean trend, and there was no need to postulate that high-performance or low-performance birds entered and left the breeding population at different ages. Only one aspect of breeding showed no trend with age, namely proportion of birds that laid having built a nest, but that type of failure affected only a small proportion of individuals.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Microvascular Density of the Human Meniscus

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110398
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Michel ◽  
Christoph J. Domnick ◽  
Michael J. Raschke ◽  
Anna Hoffmann ◽  
Christoph Kittl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Background: The microvascular anatomy of the meniscus of the human knee is regarded as a crucial factor in the injury response. Previous studies have investigated the zone-dependent distribution pattern, but no quantitative data exist on vascular density and its age-related changes. Hypothesis/Purpose: The aim of the present study was to histologically analyze the vascular anatomy of the meniscus as a function of age. It was hypothesized that vascular density would decrease with increasing age. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Human menisci were retrieved from patients who underwent tumor resection or who received total knee replacement because of osteoarthritis. A total of 51 menisci were collected from 28 patients over 9 years (mean age, 25.6 ± 20.4 years; range 3-79 years). Immunohistological staining (alpha–smooth muscle actin) in combination with serial sections and standardized software-based contrast detection were used for the quantitative analysis. Data were analyzed using multiple t tests and the analysis of variance for trends, with a statistical significance level of P < .05. Results: The overall vascular density in the meniscus was lower in the 61- to 80-year age group than in the age groups of 0 to 10, 11 to 20, and 21 to 30 years ( P < .01). A negative linear trend was detected with increasing age (slope, -0.007; P = .016). Within the red-white (RW) zone, a low vessel density was detected for the age groups of 0 to 10 and 11 to 20 years. Beyond these age groups, no vasculature was found in the RW zone. For the white-white (WW) zone, no vessel formations were noted in any age group. Almost 95% of the vessels in the meniscus were located in the capsule. Conclusion: This study reports quantitative histological data for microvascular anatomy as a function of age in a broad cohort of human knee menisci. The overall vascular density decreased with increasing age. No vessel formations were detected in the RW and WW zones after adolescence. Additionally, the capsule is far more densely vascularized than any other part of the meniscus. Clinical Relevance: Vascular density might be an additional factor to consider, along with tear location and patient age, for future treatment options.

Immigrant Youth in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frankenberg ◽  
Katharina Kupper ◽  
Ruth Wagner ◽  
Stephan Bongard
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
German School ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation

This paper reviews research on young migrants in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of how Germany’s history of migration, immigration policies, and public attitude toward migrants influence the transcultural adaptation of children and adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. We combine past research with the results of new empirical studies in order to shed light on migrants’ psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Studies comparing young migrants and their German peers in terms of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health outcome suggest higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems among migrants of most age groups. With regard to adolescent populations between the ages of 14 and 17 years, however, the existence of differences between migrants and natives appears to be less clear. Research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding the time trajectory of transcultural adaptation among adolescents. The coincidence of acculturation and age-related change is discussed as a possible source of these inconsistencies. Further, we provide an overview of risk and protective factors such as conflicting role expectations and ethnic discrimination, which may cause heightened vulnerability to adverse adaptation outcomes in some groups. Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown migrants of all age groups to be less successful within the German school system, indicating poor sociocultural adaptation. Possible explanations, such as the idiosyncrasies of the German school system, are presented. Our own studies contribute to the understanding of young migrants’ adaptation process by showing that it is their orientation to German culture, rather than the acculturation strategy of integration, that leads to the most positive psychological and sociocultural outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future cross-cultural research on young migrants and by suggesting recommendations for multicultural policies.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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