Assessing known/common risk factors for urinary tract infections to which pupils are exposed to at Ndola primary school:cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jotham Chibwaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND : Urinary tract infection is an infection of any part of the urinary system starting from the kidneys up to the urethra. It is a common infection with a prevalence of about 33%. If left unattended to urinary tract infections can lead to serious complications. The objective of the study was to assess which of the known risk factors for urinary tract infections are more common among pupils at Ndola Primary School and also assess which age group and sex have more risks. OBJECTIVE Assessing known/common risk factors for urinary tract infections METHODS : The study was a cross-sectional study and targeted primary school pupils aged between 7 and 12 years of age. Simple semi-structured questionnaires and a data collection form were used to collect data. The study also reviewed what other studies regarding urinary tract infections have found in other regions of Africa and a few from outside Africa then compared them to our findings RESULTS : Findings revealed that Lack of deworming was the commonest risk factor amongst pupils with a prevalence of 84%. The least common risk factor is lack of circumcision among boys 37.1%. Ignoring the urge to void had a prevalence of 72.1% while inadequate water intake, constipation and wiping from back to front had 71.2%, 66.9% and 63.9, respectively. The study also revealed that there was no association between age/sex and the risk factors for urinary tract infections except voiding which had a P value of 0.045. Furthermore, water and sanitation conditions existing at the school are very poor and below standard. Pupil toilet ratio is 1:166 and 1:191 for boys and girls, respectively CONCLUSIONS The study showed that most pupils are exposed to the risks factors for urinary tract infections with the commonest risk being lack of deworming and the least being lack of circumcision. There is great need to enhance efforts to improve sensitization by coming up with strategies to reach as many pupils as possible and organize workshops and training programs to assist teachers involved in health education in schools. The number of toilets should be increased to improve hygiene conditions existing at the school.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerald Turyatunga
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore,  there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections.  88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly. 

scholarly journals Identifying the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a large cross-sectional study of six hospitals

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e022137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S Letica-Kriegel ◽  
Hojjat Salmasian ◽  
David K Vawdrey ◽  
Brett E Youngerman ◽  
Robert A Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections

MotivationCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common and serious healthcare-associated infection. Despite many efforts to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI, there remains a gap in the literature about CAUTI risk factors, especially pertaining to the effect of catheter dwell-time on CAUTI development and patient comorbidities.ObjectiveTo examine how the risk for CAUTI changes over time. Additionally, to assess whether time from catheter insertion to CAUTI event varied according to risk factors such as age, sex, patient type (surgical vs medical) and comorbidities.DesignRetrospective cohort study of all patients who were catheterised from 2012 to 2016, including those who did and did not develop CAUTIs. Both paediatric and adult patients were included. Indwelling urinary catheterisation is the exposure variable. The variable is interval, as all participants were exposed but for different lengths of time.SettingUrban academic health system of over 2500 beds. The system encompasses two large academic medical centres, two community hospitals and a paediatric hospital.ResultsThe study population was 47 926 patients who had 61 047 catheterisations, of which 861 (1.41%) resulted in a CAUTI. CAUTI rates were found to increase non-linearly for each additional day of catheterisation; CAUTI-free survival was 97.3% (CI: 97.1 to 97.6) at 10 days, 88.2% (CI: 86.9 to 89.5) at 30 days and 71.8% (CI: 66.3 to 77.8) at 60 days. This translated to an instantaneous HR of. 49%–1.65% in the 10–60 day time range. Paraplegia, cerebrovascular disease and female sex were found to statistically increase the chances of a CAUTI.ConclusionsUsing a very large data set, we demonstrated the incremental risk of CAUTI associated with each additional day of catheterisation, as well as the risk factors that increase the hazard for CAUTI. Special attention should be given to patients carrying these risk factors, for example, females or those with mobility issues.

scholarly journals Predictors of Urinary Tract Infections in Children and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in the Buea Health District, South West Region, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Che Pantalius Nji ◽  
Jules Clément Nguedia Assob ◽  
Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common pediatric infections and if not promptly diagnosed and treated, it could cause long term complications. Worldwide and in Cameroon, little attention has been paid to this growing problem in the pediatric population. Identification of risk factors will contribute significantly to prevention. A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out in children ≤ 15 years to identify the risk factors of UTI, etiologic agents, and their antibiotic susceptibility. Samples (urine) were collected from in and outpatients with symptoms of UTI attending two health facilities in Buea. Controls were age- and sex-matched children in the community and those visiting these health facilities for unrelated reasons. Samples were analyzed by microscopy, culture, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolates tested by the disc diffusion technique. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and data on risk factors. Odds ratios and bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between predictors (symptoms and risk factors) and UTI. P < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 405 participants (200 cases and 205 controls) were investigated. UTI prevalence was 12% in cases. From the UTI cases, bacteria was the major cause of infection, with E. coli (39.4%) predominating. Parasitic organisms, Trichomonas vaginalis (0.5%) and Schistosoma spp (0.5%), and yeast (6%) were also detected. Urinary urgency ( F = 4.98 , P = 0.027 ) and back pain ( F = 12.37 , P = 0.001 ) were associated to UTI following bivariate analysis. These parameters could be used to predict UTI in the pediatric population in the study area. Third generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone (90.1%) and cefadroxil (85.4%) were the most effective and thus recommended for treatment.

scholarly journals Immunosenescence in persons with spinal cord injury in relation to urinary tract infections -a cross-sectional study-

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pavlicek ◽  
Jörg Krebs ◽  
Simona Capossela ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Britta Engelhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

scholarly journals Prevalence of E. Coli in Urinary Tract Infection of Children Aged 1-15 Years in A Medical College of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (221) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Giri ◽  
Raju Kafle ◽  
Ganesh Kumar` Singh ◽  
Niraj Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest causes of childhood morbidity. Earlydiagnosis and appropriate choice of antimicrobials is essential. Hence, this study aims to identify theprevalence of Escherichia coli in childhood urinary tract infections. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Nobel MedicalCollege, Biratnagar over a period of one year. A total of 163 cases aged 1-15 years were included andclinical profile, laboratory reports including bacterial isolates in urine cultures and their sensitivitypatterns were documented. Results: The prevalence of Escherichia coli is 45 (53.57%) C.I. Escherichia coli was the most commonorganism isolated in bacterial cultures followed by Klebsiella 12 (14.29%), Enterococcus 10 (11.90%).Urinary tract infection was common among females with male: female ratio of 1:2.3. Fever 152(93.2%) and abdominal pain 113 (69.3%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Escherichiacoli was found most sensitive to Nitrofurantoin 43 (95.5%) followed by Ciprofloxacin 41 (91.1%) andAmikacin 40 (88.8%). Conclusions: Urinary tract infections in childhood require prompt attention and treatment to preventsignificant morbidity and mortality. From this study it can be concluded that Escherichia coli is oneof the most common isolates in urine culture and Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones can beaccepted as empirical treatment regimens for childhood Urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Access to sanitation and risk of developing urinary tract infections among women from low socio-economic settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2939
Author(s):  
Rama Kawade ◽  
Anjali Radkar ◽  
Abhilash Thadathil ◽  
Deepa Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Poor sanitation facilities are root cause of many health problems of people residing in slums. The present study estimates the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) and identifies factors associated with an increased risk of UTI among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 616 women aged between 18 to 60 years residing in 33 slums across four cities in Maharashtra, India. Data related to individual characteristics of women, housing condition, access to sanitation facilities, behaviors adopted by the women that could lead to UTI and an episode of symptomatic UTI in the previous one month were recorded through structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out risk factors for UTI among women.Results: The prevalence of UTI was found to be 19.6%. The prevalence was higher among young women aged upto 30 years (23.2%). In absence of individual toilet, women had adopted certain behaviors such as urine holding (21.3%), modify dinner to avoid toilet use at night (26.6%) and avoid intake of liquids (10.7%) to reduce frequency of visits to toilet. All these behaviors were significantly associated with UTI. Multiple logistic regression indicated that UTI was strongly and independently associated with age (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.47), no access to bathroom (OR=2.21, 95%CI: 1.08, 4.49) and avoid intake of liquids (OR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.75) (p<0.05).Conclusions:Behavior modifications by women to adjust with restricted use of place of urination may affect their health and increase the likelihood of developing UTI. Younger women are more at risk of developing UTI.  

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Ayesha Anwer ◽  
Majid Kaleem ◽  
Hassan Abbas ◽  
Asif Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiology Department ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the importance ofindividual IHD risk factors and major components of the metabolic syndrome associated withIHD. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Cardiology Department ofGulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore. Period: Nov, 2015 to Feb, 2016. Methodology: Patientsof either gender and from 20 to 90 year of age admitted with IHD via emergency departmentwere recruited after informed consent. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was evaluated inthese patients. In addition the individual component of metabolic syndrome as risk factor of IHDwas calculated. The data was analysed by using the SPSS version.16. Results: The metabolicsyndrome present in 44.67%of IHD patients and more prevalent in men 52% than in women48%. Total of 150 patients of IHD studied with both gender as male 94(63.33%) vs female 55(36.67%). The most common risk factor of metabolic syndrome for IHD was high blood pressurepresent in 75% of patients followed by diabetes in 50%, abdominal obesity 40.67%, low HDL42.67% and high TG in 32%. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent amongIHD patients especially in men. The most common risk factors are hypertension and diabetes.

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