scholarly journals Using Qualitative In-Depth Interviews to Assess Smartphone Users’ Persuasion Knowledge Related to Health Mobile Apps Supported by Commercial, Governmental, and Non-Profit/Non-Governmental Organizations (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsin Joo ◽  
Anastasia Kononova ◽  
Shaheen Kanthawala ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Shelia Cotten
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Persuasion Knowledge ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) apps used for promotion raise important questions about privacy of sensitive personal health information and digital advertising literacy. Although it is common that different types of organizations support mHealth apps for promotional purposes (e.g., sponsorship, owned apps), there is little understanding of users’ perceptions regarding the safety of personal data stored in mobile apps. Persuasion knowledge, or recognition of a sponsor’s presence, characteristics, intents, competencies, and persuasion tactics, is crucial to investigate because the abundance of mHealth apps makes it difficult for users to identify their true purpose and estimate privacy-related risks. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate smartphone users’ persuasion knowledge related to mHealth apps used as a promotional strategy by commercial, government, and non-profit/non-governmental organizations. This study also examines users’ willingness to share demographic and health information via those apps. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted at a large Midwestern university in the United States. Smartphone users (N = 25) were recruited from the local community. RESULTS Participants had a high level of persuasion knowledge regarding the types of app-supporting organizations and their promotional intents, but only after being probed. Participants expressed concerns about losing control over sharing personal information with mHealth apps supported by different organizations. They used alternative digital identities to protect themselves from privacy invasion, security risks, and advertising spam associated with mHealth app use. Yet, participants did not engage in reading privacy policies and statements when downloading such apps. Participants were prone to share greater amounts of personal information with the apps backed by non-profit and government agencies than by commercial companies. They were willing to “trade” some personal information for high quality and functionality of commercially supported mHealth apps. Participants inclined to share lesser than greater amounts of personal information with sponsored/branded mHealth apps and indicated that information for sharing should be more general than specific. There was a sense of fatalism in discussing health-related risks linked to mHealth app usage; and some participants did not perceive the risks to be serious. CONCLUSIONS Despite high levels of persuasion knowledge related to using mHealth apps for promotion, smartphone users didn’t show a great effort in evaluating app providers and app financial sources. This may bring serious consequences related to privacy of personal and health information as it can be continuously collected and managed by the supporting organizations and third-parties. Discussion of and recommendations for safe and ethical uses of mHealth apps associated with organization/company promotional strategies and privacy protection are provided. Theoretical implications are discussed in the context of the persuasion knowledge model and dual-processing theories.

How Research Will Adapt to HIPAA: A View from Within the Healthcare Delivery System

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Mary L. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Institutional Review

While the new Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Act (HIPAA) research rules governing privacy, confidentiality and personal health information will challenge the research and medical communities, history teaches us that the difficulty of this challenge pales in comparison to the potential harms that such regulations are designed to avoid. Although revised following broad commentary from researchers and healthcare providers around the country, the HIPAA privacy requirements will dramatically change the way healthcare researchers do their jobs in the United States. Given our reluctance to change, we risk overlooking potentially valid reasons why access to personal health information is restricted and regulated. In an environment of electronic information, public concern, genetic information and decline of public trust, regulations are ever-changing. Six categories of HIPAA requirements stand out as transformative: disclosure accounting/tracking, business associations, institutional review board (IRB) changes, minimum necessary requirements, data de-identification, and criminal and civil penalties.

Recounting the Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas of KwaZulu-Natal from Information and Knowledge in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenrose Jiyane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Critical Resource

Abstract The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) marks the new, advanced era of development in humankind, and globally countries are in the process of ensuring their citizenry’s readiness. In South Africa, various governmental departments, organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organisations (NPOs) are making efforts, through their plans, talks and actions, to attain this status for all her people, particularly women in rural areas. However, the development of women in the rural areas for empowerment remains a concern in developing countries. Consequently, there is a dire need to ensure the developmental status for women in rural areas in the advent of the 4IR, and this paper seeks to demonstrate that information and knowledge may be instrumental in empowering women in rural areas to strive in the 4IR. Accordingly, information and knowledge are a critical resource contributing to the empowerment of women in rural areas for their development. An exploratory question is raised to determine whether South Africa is ready for Fourth Industrial Revolution. The outcome of this paper will contribute to the body of knowledge advocating the importance of information and knowledge in the empowerment of women in rural areas. Significantly, it will generate insights for policymakers on the important role of information and knowledge for women’s development.

Democratization, Nationalism and Regional Security in the Southern Caucasus

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neil MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Independent States

FOR SOME YEARS NOW, WESTERN ACADEMICS AND POLICY-MAKERS HAVE embraced the cause of democratic reform in Central and Eastern Europe. To take but one well-known example, President Clinton in the 1994 State of the Union Address cited the absence of war among democracies as a reason for promotion of democracy around the world. Assistance to former Warsaw Pact and newly independent states has been made conditional to varying degrees on the acceptance of democratic change. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the United States Agency for International Development and associated non-governmental organizations have unleashed armies of promoters of democracy throughout the region to: observe elections; monitor human rights; draft new constitutions and laws defending civil and political rights; train judges and police personnel; and organize and assist political parties, media and non-governmental pressure groups. In short, they have sought to transplant the fabric of civil society and democratic institutions. These armies have landed on terrain often quite foreign to them and have often displayed little sensitivity to the social, economic and political context in which they are operating. This may have contributed to results other than those intended.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation on Work in NGOs: The Case of Songkhla Province of Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Phathara-on Wesarat ◽  
Mohmad Yazam Sharif ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Majid
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Depth Interviews

The concept of work in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) specifically in Songkhla province of Thailand is highlighted in this paper. The study assumed that the meaning of work in NGOs is different from other types of organizations such as business and governmental organizations. NGO operations are seen to be different in terms of their goals when compared to those organizations. Even though research on work had been widely conducted in the business as well as the governmental sectors worldwide, few studies on this issue had been done in the NGO or non-profit sector. The concept of work in NGOs needs to be explored further in order for interested parties to get a true understanding of the nature of work in NGO sector. The research questions posed in this paper relate to how and why the work in NGOs influences the NGO professionals. The objective of this paper is to present some findings based on an in-depth study on the meaning of work in NGOs. This study consists of two core aspects of work: subjective and objective aspects. The respondents in this paper were 16 professionals (i.e. university graduates) selected from five local NGOs in Songkhla province of Thailand. This study used a mixed method within qualitative approach comprising in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and secondary documents. This study showed that the NGO professionals had given high values on the subjective aspects of work because they were seeking fulfillment from work, while the objective aspects of work were seen to be less important to them.

Academic Analysis and U.S. Policy-Making on Africa: Reflections and Conclusions

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
David S. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
Private Foundations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Voice

Late in the 1980s, several major U.S. private foundations concluded that the concern for Africa in the country was weak. This weakness was reflected in the faint focus on U.S. foreign policy toward Africa in all three branches of government, in the halting voice for Africa or for U.S. interests there in the non-governmental organizations (think-tanks, religious organizations, lobbies), and in the small concern for U.S. policy or for affecting it in the African studies scholarly community. Indeed, the voice for Africa in the United States was neither strong nor effective.

scholarly journals Locking it down

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Grindrod ◽  
Jonathan Boersema ◽  
Khrystine Waked ◽  
Vivian Smith ◽  
Jilan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Android Apps

Objective: To explore the privacy and security of free medication applications (apps) available to Canadian consumers. Methods: The authors searched the Canadian iTunes store for iOS apps and the Canadian Google Play store for Android apps related to medication use and management. Using an Apple iPad Air 2 and a Google Nexus 7 tablet, 2 reviewers generated a list of apps that met the following inclusion criteria: free, available in English, intended for consumer use and related to medication management. Using a standard data collection form, 2 reviewers independently coded each app for the presence/absence of passwords, the storage of personal health information, a privacy statement, encryption, remote wipe and third-party sharing. A Cohen’s Kappa statistic was used to measure interrater agreement. Results: Of the 184 apps evaluated, 70.1% had no password protection or sign-in system. Personal information, including name, date of birth and gender, was requested by 41.8% (77/184) of apps. Contact information, such as address, phone number and email, was requested by 25% (46/184) of apps. Finally, personal health information, other than medication name, was requested by 89.1% (164/184) of apps. Only 34.2% (63/184) of apps had a privacy policy in place. Conclusion: Most free medication apps offer very limited authentication and privacy protocols. As a result, the onus currently falls on patients to input information in these apps selectively and to be aware of the potential privacy issues. Until more secure systems are built, health care practitioners cannot fully support patients wanting to use such apps.

Managing Your Health Online: Issues in the Selection, Curation, and Sharing of Digital Health Information

2018 ◽  
pp. 433-450
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sillence ◽  
Pam Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Health Information ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Personal Experiences

It is now easier than ever before to access digital health information. Individuals can monitor and record information about their own health, gather information online, and share personal experiences with those in a similar position. In fact, this shift towards peer-to-peer sharing sites represents a significant change in the way people think about online health information and raises a number of challenges around eHealth and personal information management, including issues of trust, privacy, and self-disclosure. This chapter examines two of those challenges in light of increased peer exchange around health: the sharing of personal health information, and the curation of such a large and complex information resource. It also discusses directions for future research in the field.

Preliminary Investigation into the Role of Physiotherapists in Disaster Response

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

AbstractIntroduction:Increasingly, disasters and disaster response have become prominent issues in recent years. Despite their involvement, there have been almost no investigations into the roles of physiotherapists in emergency disaster responses.Additionally, physiotherapists are not employed in emergency disaster response by many of the principal non-governmental organizations supplying such care, although they are included in military responses in the United States and United Kingdom, and in Disaster Medical Assistance Teams in the US.This paper, based on a small qualitative study, focuses on the potential role and nature of input of physiotherapists in disaster response.Methods:A qualitative approach was chosen due to the emergent nature of the phenomenon. Four physiotherapists, all of whom had been involved in some type of disaster response, agreed to participate. Semi-structured telephone interviews were used to explore participants' experiences following disaster response, and to gain ideas about future roles for physiotherapists. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed using coding and categorization of data.Results:Four main themes emerged: (1) descriptions of disasters; (2) current roles of the physiotherapist; (3) future roles of physiotherapists; and (4) overcoming barriers. Although all four physiotherapists had been ill-prepared for disaster response, they took on multiple roles, primarily in organization and treatment. However, participants identified several barriers to future involvement, including organizational and professional barriers, and gave suggestions for overcoming these.Conclusions:The participants had participated in disaster response, but in ill-defined roles, indicating a need for a greater understanding of disaster response among the physiotherapy community and by organizations supplying such care. The findings of this study have implications for such organizations in terms of employing skilled physiotherapists in order to improve disaster response. In future disasters, physiotherapy will be of benefit in treating and preventing rescue worker injury and treating musculoskeletal, critical, respiratory, and burn patients.

Introduction to the special issue on social media and government

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sandoval-Almazan ◽  
Andrea L. Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Information Power ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The use of social media by public administration has been growing steadily, and fostering important transformations in organization, costs, citizen interaction and efficiency. Citizens are increasingly more informed about government activities, performance, and claims solutions. Citiizens and non-profit organizations are in greater communication with each other about government planning and response to complex and collective problems. Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and WhatsApp, as well as related tools, such as commenting, liking, tagging and rating, change the distribution of information, power and resources. The growing maturity of public officials in the use of these tools not only creates new opportunities, but also engenders problems. Many politicians, public officials and public servants are seeking ways to adapt their daily operations and practices to make effective use of social media for interaction with non-governmental organizations and with citizens and to provide information and services more efficiently. The papers in this special issue on social media and government capture the current state of some of these opportunities and problems.

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