scholarly journals The Korean Version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire for Nursing Students in South Korea: Validity and Reliability Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjoo Hong ◽  
Jennie C De Gagne ◽  
Hyewon Shin ◽  
Suhye Kwon ◽  
Gum-Hee Choi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Cybercivility, the practice of what to say and how to say it in online environments, encourages individuals to treat each other with respect. However, the anonymity of online communities may lead some individuals to behave in ways that violate social and cultural norms. These individuals treat others with a lack of regard and even bully others in faceless online confrontations. This practice of cyberincivility can be found across the internet, on commercial sites, and in schools offering online courses. Research on cybercivility and cyberincivility has increased in the United States, where instruments have been developed to measure the impact of cyberincivility in health profession education. However, there is no available instrument that measures nursing students’ online behaviors in South Korea. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed in the United States. METHODS Data were collected from 213 nursing students in three South Korean colleges. The Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed by De Gagne and colleagues was adapted to measure students’ knowledge of cybercivility, and their experiences with and acceptability of cyberincivility. Content validity was tested using the content validity index (CVI). Criterion validity was tested using the digital citizenship scale. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha. The goodness-of-fit of construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS The CVI was 0.8 or higher for all items. Kuder–Richardson Formula 20, measuring reliability of the knowledge scale, was 0.22 and Cronbach alpha, measuring reliability of the experience scale, was .96. The goodness-of-fit of the model was Chi square=5568.63 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.92, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.08, which satisfied the criteria. The reliability of the acceptability scale was .96, and the goodness-of-fit indices satisfied the criteria (minimum Chi square/df=2.34, Tucker-Lewis Index =0.92, incremental fit index=0.93, root mean square residual=0.05, CFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.08). CONCLUSIONS This study extended and reevaluated the US version of cybercivility scales in a culturally distinct context. The three dimensions of cybercivility include knowledge, experience, and acceptability. Acceptability is well-validated as a dimension, whereas the knowledge dimension requires reexamination for application to Koreans. A revision of the instrument is needed that considers the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States. This paper calls for more attention to be paid to contextualized cybercivility scales among health professions in countries outside the United States.

scholarly journals The Korean Version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire for Nursing Students in South Korea: Validity and Reliability Study

10.2196/15668 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e15668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjoo Hong ◽  
Jennie C De Gagne ◽  
Hyewon Shin ◽  
Suhye Kwon ◽  
Gum-Hee Choi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background Cybercivility, the practice of what to say and how to say it in online environments, encourages individuals to treat each other with respect. However, the anonymity of online communities may lead some individuals to behave in ways that violate social and cultural norms. These individuals treat others with a lack of regard and even bully others in faceless online confrontations. This practice of cyberincivility can be found across the internet, on commercial sites, and in schools offering online courses. Research on cybercivility and cyberincivility has increased in the United States, where instruments have been developed to measure the impact of cyberincivility in health profession education. However, there is no available instrument that measures nursing students’ online behaviors in South Korea. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed in the United States. Methods Data were collected from 213 nursing students in three South Korean colleges. The Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed by De Gagne and colleagues was adapted to measure students’ knowledge of cybercivility, and their experiences with and acceptability of cyberincivility. Content validity was tested using the content validity index (CVI). Criterion validity was tested using the digital citizenship scale. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha. The goodness-of-fit of construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results The CVI was 0.8 or higher for all items. Kuder–Richardson Formula 20, measuring reliability of the knowledge scale, was 0.22 and Cronbach alpha, measuring reliability of the experience scale, was .96. The goodness-of-fit of the model was Chi square=5568.63 (P<.001), the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.92, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.08, which satisfied the criteria. The reliability of the acceptability scale was .96, and the goodness-of-fit indices satisfied the criteria (minimum Chi square/df=2.34, Tucker-Lewis Index =0.92, incremental fit index=0.93, root mean square residual=0.05, CFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.08). Conclusions This study extended and reevaluated the US version of cybercivility scales in a culturally distinct context. The three dimensions of cybercivility include knowledge, experience, and acceptability. Acceptability is well-validated as a dimension, whereas the knowledge dimension requires reexamination for application to Koreans. A revision of the instrument is needed that considers the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States. This paper calls for more attention to be paid to contextualized cybercivility scales among health professions in countries outside the United States.

scholarly journals Development and psychometric testing of a Learning Behaviour Questionnaire among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043711
Author(s):  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Li Qi ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Xinyi Hao ◽  
Shuang Zang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Learning Behaviour ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Fit Index

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a new Learning Behaviour Questionnaire (LBQ) for the undergraduate nursing students.Study designThis study was performed in two phases. Phase 1 of the study focused on questionnaire development to create a pool of items, while phase 2 focused on validity and reliability testing.MethodsSemistructured interviews were used to explore nursing undergraduates’ perception of learning behaviour. A two-round modified Delphi method was used to test content validity and quantify the degree of consistency in questionnaire items. An item analysis, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency reliability check were conducted. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated through correlations with Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Undergraduates (SRLS-U). A sample of 114 nursing students was evaluated in test–retest reliability to confirm stability.ResultsThe final LBQ consisted of four factors for the 19-item questionnaire with a 5-point rating from ‘1’ (Fully disagree) to ‘5’ (fully agree). The content validity was 0.890. EFA revealed the presence of four factors, including ‘strategy’, ‘attitude’, ‘motivation’ and ‘degree of satisfaction’. The CFA indicated good fit indexes for the proposed model (χ2/df=1.866, root mean square residual=0.037, comparative fit index =0.950, goodness-of-fit index =0.929, Tucker-Lewis index=0.941, adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.907 and root mean square error of approximation=0.049). The LBQ correlated significantly with SRLS-U subscales (r=0.742–0.837, p<0.01). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.936, while the Cronbach’s alphas of the four factors were 0.828, 0.826, 0.804 and 0.805, respectively. The test–retest reliabilities of the four factors were 0.886, 0.904, 0.852 and 0.875, respectively.ConclusionThe validity and reliability of the LBQ were satisfying. The LBQ is a short, well-developed questionnaire that can serve as a generic assessment tool for measuring learning behaviour for Chinese undergraduate nursing students.Cite Now

scholarly journals Parameter Estimation and Prediction of COVID-19 Epidemic Turning Point and Ending Time of a Case Study on SIR/SQAIR Epidemic Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Amiri Mehra ◽  
Mohsen Shafieirad ◽  
Zohreh Abbasi ◽  
Iman Zamani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
The Real

In this paper, the SIR epidemiological model for the COVID-19 with unknown parameters is considered in the first strategy. Three curves ( S , I , and R ) are fitted to the real data of South Korea, based on a detailed analysis of the actual data of South Korea, taken from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Using the least square method and minimizing the error between the fitted curve and the actual data, unknown parameters, like the transmission rate, recovery rate, and mortality rate, are estimated. The goodness of fit model is investigated with two criteria (SSE and RMSE), and the uncertainty range of the estimated parameters is also presented. Also, using the obtained determined model, the possible ending time and the turning point of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States are predicted. Due to the lack of treatment and vaccine, in the next strategy, a new group called quarantined people is added to the proposed model. Also, a hidden state, including asymptomatic individuals, which is very common in COVID-19, is considered to make the model more realistic and closer to the real world. Then, the SIR model is developed into the SQAIR model. The delay in the recovery of the infected person is also considered as an unknown parameter. Like the previous steps, the possible ending time and the turning point in the United States are predicted. The model obtained in each strategy for South Korea is compared with the actual data from KDCA to prove the accuracy of the estimation of the parameters.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN EVALUASI CIPP PADA PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN TAHFIZ AL-QUR’AN DI PONDOK PESANTREN

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Muyasaroh Muyasaroh ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Fit Index

Studi ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan model pengembangan evaluasi program pembelajar’an tahfiẓ al-Quran diberi nama Coni P2, (2) menghasilkan teknik pelaksanaan evaluasi program pembelajaran tahfiẓ al-Qur’an, dan (3) menghasilkan struktur komponen dan indikator model evaluasi. Studi ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan sembilan langkah dari 10 langkah model Borg dan Gall. Jumlah subjek uji coba pertama 33 orang, uji coba kedua 49 orang, dan uji coba ketiga 224 orang. Komponen model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi Stufflebeam (CIPP). Langkah-langkah evaluasi yang digunakan adalah langkah Malcolm Provus. Teknik pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah Delphi, FGD, kuesioner, observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Validitas konstruk dianalisis menggunakan CFA dan Reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach Alpha. Hasil penelitian: (1) model evaluasi program Coni P2 dikembangkan dengan cara kajian teori, temuan di lapangan, Delphi, FGD, uji coba sebanyak tiga kali; (2) evaluasi di tiga pondok pesantren: Al-Ittifaqiah, Raudhatul Ulum, dan Raudhatul Qur’an ditemukan kesenjangan sarana belajar, kinerja guru, dan motivasi belajar santri; (3) komponen konstruk model evaluasi Coni P2 terdiri atas konteks, input, proses, dan produk, yang terbagi menjadi 13 indikator. Hasil analisis CFA: (1) Chi Square (χ²) = kecil; (2) ρ-value > 0,05; (3) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) < 0,08; dan (4) Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) < 0,90.Kata kunci: pengembangan, evaluasi, tahfiẓ al-Qur’an______________________________________________________________ DEVELOPING CIPP EVALUATION INSTRUMENT FOR TAHFIZ AL-QUR’AN IN PONDOK PESANTRENAbstract The study aimed to: (1) generate an evaluation development  model of tahfiz Al-Qur’an learning program entitled Coni P2; (2) generate a technique of tahfiz Al-Qur’an learning program evaluation implementation; and (3) generate component structures and an indicators of evaluation model. The study was a research and development (R&D) type by implementing 9 of 10 steps in Borg and Gall’s model. The subject for the first trial the 33 people, for the second trial were 49 people, and for the third trial were 224 people. The implemented component of evaluation model was Stufflebeam Evaluation Model (CIPP). The evaluation steps that the researchers implemented were the ones taken from Malcolm Provus. The data gathering techniques that the researchers implemented were Delphi, FGD, questionnaires, observation, interview and study of documentation. The construct validity was analyzed by implementing CFA and the construct reliability was analyzed by implementing Cronbach Alpha. The results of the research were as follows: (1) the model of Coni P2 evaluation program was developed by implementing theoretical review, field findings, Delphi, FGD and three-time experiments; (2) from the evaluations performed in three pondok pesantren, namely Al-Ittifaqiah, Raudhatul Ulum and Raudhatul Qur’an, the researchers found discrepancy in learning facilities, teacher performance and santri’s learning motivation; and (3) the construct components of Coni P2 evaluation model consisted of context, input, process and product that were divided into 13 indicators. The results of CFA analysis were as follows: (1) (1) Chi Square (χ²) = kecil; (2) ρ-value > 0.05; (3) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) < 0.08; dan (4) Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) < 0.90.Keywords: development, evaluation, tahfiz Al-Qur’an

Measuring Investment Importance Perception in Equity Shares: A Scale for Individual Investors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rakesh Krishnan ◽  
C. Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
Fit Index

This study focused on developing a scale for measuring Investment Importance Perception in Equity shares (IIPe) of individual investors. Item generation (from equity share investors) and content validity was performed (with expert panel) to gather the initial pool of items for the scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used for item reduction and for establishing the dimensions of IIPe. Further, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used test the measurement validity. Parameters were estimated with maximum likelihood (ML) through the use of AMOS (version 16). The assumptions for multivariate normality were checked by looking into the skewness and kurtosis value of the individual items of the scale. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test guided evaluation of model fit along with established fit indices such as goodness of fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

scholarly journals Reliability, validity and internal consistency of social support and self-efficacy scales for physical activity in adolescents with 10 to 14 years of age

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerfeson Mendonça ◽  
Alcides Prazeres Filho ◽  
Inácio Crochemore-Silva ◽  
José Cazuza de Farias Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fit Index

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the reliability, validity and internal consistency of the physical activity social support (SSS) and self-efficacy (SES) scales among adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: The reliability study included 171 adolescents (mean age=12.3±1.0 years, 59.6% female) and validity and consistency study with 1,107 (mean age=12.0±1.0 years, 52.7% female). The SSS had 15 items and the SES eight items. Reliability was determined by Spearman's correlation analysis (rho) and validity and internal consistency by factor analysis (exploratory — EFA and confirmatory — CFA) and the composite reliability (CR), respectively. Results: The reliability of SSS (father: rho=0.80; p<0.001 | mother: rho=0.76; p<0.001 | friends: rho=0.75; p<0.001) and SES (rho=0.72; p<0.001) were considered high. In the EFA, three factors were identified for the SSS (father, mother and friends — five items each) and one factor for SES (five items), confirmed in the CFA. Quality parameters of adjustment in the final models were satisfactory for SSS (chi-square=240.5 [p<0.001]; root mean square residual — RMR=0.05; root mean square error of approximation — RMSEA=0.04 [90%CI 0.04–0.05]; goodness of fit index — GFI=0.97; adjusted goodness of fit index — AGFI=0.96 and comparative fit index — CFI=0.97) and SES (chi-square=5.4 [p=0.07]; RMR=0.01; RMSEA=0.04 [90%CI 0.00–0.08]; GFI=0.99; AGFI=0.99 and CFI=0.97). Internal consistency was considered satisfactory for SSS (CR: father=0.79, mother=0.77, friends=0.78) and low for SES (CR=0.38). Conclusions: The scales showed satisfactory levels of reliability and of construct validity. However, only the SSS showed adequate levels of internal consistency.%

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA DI KOTA DEPOK JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Widianti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Marginal Fit ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teori dan model yang fit dengan data empiris mengenai masalah pengaruh kemandirian terhadap prestasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia kelas XI SMA Di Kota Depok Jawa Barat tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survey. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Depok Jawa Barat. Sampel penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik sampel acak proporsional sebanyak 306 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes objektif dan kuesioner skala Model Likert. Data diperoleh berdasarkan kemampuan siswa menjawab soal Bahasa Indonesia dankemandirian dalam belajar. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), dengan bantuan program aplikasi LISREL 8.80. Hasil penelitian dari 2 variabel laten dan 9 variabel kontruk yang cocok dengan model yang diusulkan, diperoleh dari uji hipotesis berdasarkan nilai GAMMA memiliki standar loading sebesar 0.68 error sebesar 0.05 nilai t-hitung sebesar 12.62 bila dikonsultasikan dengan nilai ttabel dengan jumlah sampel > 100 : α 0.05 maka diperoleh ttabel sebesar 1.96. karena thitung 12.62 > ttabel 1.96 maka dapat disimpulkan; kemandirian belajar berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Kemudian untuk uji kecocokan model, merujuk pada kecocokan model fit yang dapat diterima. Untuk nilai Chi-Square Probability sebesar 285.76 < 128. 8039 (good fit), RMSEA = root mean standar error apriximations sebesar 0.18 > 0.05 (marginal fit) Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.18 ≥ 0.08 (Good fit) Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.90 > 0.90 (good fit) Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0. 90 > 0.90 (good fit) Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.35 > 0.05 (good fit) Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.95 > 0.90 (good fit) Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.95 > 0.90 (good fit) Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.95 > 0.90 Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.95 > 0.90

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Questionnaire of Sleep Health for Using in Chinese Older

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
he tang ◽  
min zhang ◽  
yujin liu
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Fit Index

Abstract Objective: to make the translation, cross-cultural adaption and content and face validation of Questionnaire of sleep health for use in Chinese elder, as well as measuring psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Methods: A methodological study carried out in six steps: translation of the instrument, consensus of the translations, back-translation, analysis by an expert committee, pre-testing and then evaluation of psychometric properties. Psychometric properties, including item analysis (the extreme group comparison and item-total correlations), content validity (item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI)), construct validity confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability) were measured.Results: The instrument was translated, transculturally adapted and its final version consisted of 12 items. The Q-USM has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.76). The test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.97.The I-CVI ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the S-CVI was 0.98. CFA showed that the three-factor model explained 56.54% of the total variance, with a good model fit (likelihood ratio χ2/df=3.75, incremental fit index=0.86, comparative fit index=0.86, goodness-of-fit index=0.89, adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.84, standardized root mean square error of approximation=0.09 and root mean square residual=0.02).Conclusion: The Q-USM was translated and adapted to Chinese elder, and the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the questionnaire presented satisfactory. It’s providing assessment instruments for community elderly health. As the questionnaire is applied for the first time in China, it needs to be continuously improved.

scholarly journals Cross-validation of the Student Perceptions of Team-Based Learning Scale in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Donald H. Lein ◽  
John D. Lowman ◽  
Christopher A. Eidson ◽  
Hon K. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Team Based Learning ◽  
Client Management ◽  
Fit Index

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the factor structure of the previously developed Student Perceptions of Team-Based Learning (TBL) Scale among students in an entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) program in the United States.Methods: Toward the end of the semester in 2 patient/client management courses taught using TBL, 115 DPT students completed the Student Perceptions of TBL Scale, with a response rate of 87%. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to replicate and confirm the underlying factor structure of the scale. Results: Based on the PCA for the validation sample, the original 2-factor structure (preference for TBL and preference for teamwork) of the Student Perceptions of TBL Scale was replicated. The overall goodness-of-fit indices from the CFA suggested that the original 2-factor structure for the 15 items of the scale demonstrated a good model fit (comparative fit index, 0.95; non-normed fit index/Tucker-Lewis index, 0.93; root mean square error of approximation, 0.06; and standardized root mean square residual, 0.07). The 2 factors demonstrated high internal consistency (alpha= 0.83 and 0.88, respectively). DPT students taught using TBL viewed the factor of preference for teamwork more favorably than preference for TBL.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence supporting the replicability of the internal structure of the Student Perceptions of TBL Scale when assessing perceptions of TBL among DPT students in patient/client management courses.

scholarly journals Pet primates for sale in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256552
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Seaboch ◽  
Sydney N. Cahoon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
One Year ◽  
Legal Consequences

Our research goal was to investigate the primate pet trade in the United States. While dogs and cats are the most common type of pet, there are an estimated 15,000 pet primates in the United States and the demand for exotic pets in general has been rising. Most research on pet primates occurs in habitat countries and little is known about these pets in the United States. We collected data from six exotic pet-trade websites twice a month for 12 months. We recorded the type of primate for sale, sex, age, location, and price. We used Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit tests to compare whether the number of male and female pet primates for sale and the number of different age categories of pet primates for sale differed from equality and Spearman Correlation to examine associations between price and size and price and supply. We recorded 551 pet primates for sale between June 2019-June 2020, with 69.1% platyrrhines, 21.6% strepsirrhines, and 8.9% catarrhines. Marmosets were sold most often (36.7%, N = 202) followed by lemurs (21.6%, N = 119), capuchins (11.3%, N = 62), and squirrel monkeys (10.5%, N = 58). Almost two-thirds of the pet primates for sale were male (Chi-Square = 16.056, df = 1, P = 0. 00006) and 78.7% were under one year old (Chi-Square = 440.264, df = 2, P<0.00001). The median price was $3,800 though price was highly variable, even for the same taxa. There are several potential drivers for the primate pet trade, including media influence, fashion/status, and profitable breeding though these are not mutually exclusive. Primates do not make good pets and even when captive-bred, pet primates impact the conservation of their wild counterparts. Advertisement campaigns focusing on disease transmission and legal consequences and a federal ban on pet primate ownership are two avenues to pursue to end the ownership of pet primates in the United States.

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