scholarly journals Examining cost measurements in production and delivery of three case studies using eLearning for Applied Health Sciences: A cross-case synthesis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Meinert ◽  
Abrar Alturkistani ◽  
Kimberley Foley ◽  
David Brindley ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Report (2006) conveys that a significant increase is needed in global healthcare resourcing to meet current and future demand for health professionals. eLearning (defined as asynchronous/synchronous online learning delivered via the internet) presents a possible opportunity to change and optimise training by providing a scalable means for instruction, thus reducing the costs necessary for implementation. Research literature often suggests a benefit of eLearning is its cost-effectiveness compared to face to face instruction, yet there is limited evidence comparing costs to other forms of instruction, or the establishment of standards for budgeting of implementation costs. OBJECTIVE In order to determine potential cost favourability of eLearning in contrast to other learning, there must first be understanding of the components and ingredients to build online learning implementations. Without first taking this step, studies lack essential financial accounting rigour for course planning and have an inconsistent basis for comparison. This study’s objectives are to A) establish standard ingredients for the cost of the production of eLearning, B) determine the variance instructional design has on the costs of production of eLearning. METHODS This project makes use of a cross-case method among three case studies using mixed-methods, including cost accounting and budget variance analysis. The different implementation-specific aspects of these cases are used to establish common principles in the composition of budgets in production and delivery of applied health professions eLearning. RESULTS Two case studies reported significant negative budget variances due to issues surrounding underreporting of personnel costs, inaccurate resource task estimation, lack of contingency planning, challenges in 3rd party resource management and the need to update health-related materials that went out of date during course production. A third study reported a positive budget variance due to cost-efficiency derived from previous implementation, strong working relationship of the course project team and the use of iterative project management methods. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests that the costs of delivery eLearning is often underestimated or underreported and identifies factors that could be used to control budgets better. Through consistent management of factors impacting cost in production in courses, further research could be undertaken using standard economic evaluation methods to evaluate the advantages of using eLearning. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Examining Cost Measurements in Production and Delivery of Three Case Studies Using E-Learning for Applied Health Sciences: Cross-Case Synthesis

10.2196/13574 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. e13574
Author(s):  
Edward Meinert ◽  
Abrar Alturkistani ◽  
Kimberley A Foley ◽  
David Brindley ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Cost

Background The World Health Report (2006) by the World Health Organization conveys that a significant increase is needed in global health care resourcing to meet the current and future demand for health professionals. Electronic learning (e-Learning) presents a possible opportunity to change and optimize training by providing a scalable means for instruction, thus reducing the costs for training health professionals and providing patient education. Research literature often suggests that a benefit of e-Learning is its cost-effectiveness compared with face-to-face instruction, yet there is limited evidence with respect to the comparison of design and production costs with other forms of instruction or the establishment of standards pertaining to budgeting for these costs. Objective To determine the potential cost favorability of e-Learning in contrast to other forms of learning, there must first be an understanding of the components and elements for building an e-Learning course. Without first taking this step, studies lack the essential financial accounting rigor for course planning and have an inconsistent basis for comparison. This study aimed to (1) establish standard ingredients for the cost of e-Learning course production and (2) determine the variance instructional design has on the production costs of e-Learning courses. Methods This study made use of a cross-case method among 3 case studies using mixed methods, including horizontal budget variance calculation and qualitative interpretation of responses from course designers for budget variance using total quality management themes. The different implementation-specific aspects of these cases were used to establish common principles in the composition of budgets in the production and delivery of an applied health professional e-Learning course. Results A total of 2 case studies reported significant negative budget variances caused by issues surrounding underreporting of personnel costs, inaccurate resource task estimation, lack of contingency planning, challenges in third-party resource management, and the need to update health-related materials that became outdated during course production. The third study reported a positive budget variance because of the cost efficiency derived from previous implementation, the strong working relationship of the course project team, and the use of iterative project management methods. Conclusions This research suggests that the delivery costs of an e-Learning course could be underestimated or underreported and identifies factors that could be used to better control budgets. Through consistent management of factors affecting the cost of course production, further research could be undertaken using standard economic evaluation methods to evaluate the advantages of using e-Learning.

scholarly journals World Health Report on Vision: Aging Implications for Global Vision and Eye Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 807-808
Author(s):  
Bonnielin Swenor ◽  
Varshini Varadaraj ◽  
Moon Jeong Lee ◽  
Heather Whitson ◽  
Pradeep Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract In 2019, the World Health Organization World Report on Vision estimated that that 2.2 billion people have a vision impairment, of which almost half could have been prevented or is yet to be addressed. As the global population ages and the prevalence of visual impairment increases, inequities in eye care and the downstream health and aging consequences of vision loss will become magnified. This session will: (1) provide key information regarding the burden of eye disease and visual impairment among older adults worldwide; (2) outline a framework created to conceptualize the aging and long-term health implications of vision loss, and (3) discuss the global public health challenges to eye care and to maximizing health for older adults with visual impairments.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
Sejal Macwan ◽  
Ninad Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Health Report ◽  
The Family

Approximately 24 million people worldwide experiencing schizophrenia (The World Health Report, 2001). Several people with mental disorder have to rely on support of family and friends to help them in their day-to-day happenings. In that era, caregivers are at risk for physical and mental health dilemma.1 Caring for a person with any mental illness often creates physical, emotional dilemma among the family caregivers more than they think. That is why it is also essential to rationalize that issue too. Family care givers of patients with any mental illness have different perspectives and coping strategies about the situation that may lead to feeling of sadness, loneliness, helplessness, hopeless at a variance among the care givers. OBJECTIVES: • To study levels of psychological problems faced by the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. • To study association between demographic variables and levels of psychological problems of family caregivers with schizophrenia. METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out to examine the psychological problems faced by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. 200 family caregivers were selected by applying stratified systematic sampling method from the government hospitals of mental health of Gujarat state with a criterion of minimum facility of 100 beds. A self-structured interview schedule was designed for study purpose by referring the Burden Assessment Tool of Thara et.al (1998) and Zarit Burden Interview. RESULT: Majority of the respondents (51%) feel anxious, depressed and frustrated due to caregiving responsibility. Majority of the respondents (52.5%) believed that care giving responsibility is mentally tiring for the family caregivers. Majority of the respondents (40.5%) agree with the statement that their contacts with family & friends have lessened due to the illness of care receiver.

scholarly journals Global Health Watch 5: An Alternative World Health Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Matheus Falcão ◽  
Muna Odeh ◽  
Silvia Giugliani
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Global Health Watch

scholarly journals Round table: Toward a better living with schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Report ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Administrator ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Catchment Areas

Abstract According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, schizophrenia causes a high degree of disability, which accounts for 1.1% of the total DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) and 2.8% of YLDs (years lived with disability). In the World Health Report [The WHO World Health Report: new understanding, new hope, 2001. Geneva]. In addition to the direct burden, there is considerable burden on the relatives who care for the sufferers. The workshop aimed to present and discuss different facets of what could be done for these persons and their families’ members in the light of what has been done in some European countries, which have conducted reforms. The round table will be introduced by presentations from two countries very much involved in psychiatric reforms which will present their attempts and results: first Italy with its emblematic radical deinstitutionalization model setting up a law to close down the psychiatric hospitals. The to-day situation will be presented underlying the huge diversity across Italian provinces and the dramatic lack of resources in some of them. Second the Portuguese reform will be described with a shift of psychiatric care toward general hospitals and its complete integration into health care catchment areas resulting in a increase of out patient acts among them home visits and a decrease of full time hospital admissions. Then a French three-year research program that focused on themes that aims to improve the every day well-being of people living with schizophrenia will be presented. This program aimed to provid new insights on their integration from different angles: information about the disease by doctors at diagnostic annoucement, on internet and actions to take on health administrator training against stigmatisation that could be extended to a larger public. Lastly the program allowed to interviewed face to face up to 67 people: 20 persons with schizophrenia, 20 person with bipolar disorders and 27 close ones to schizophrenic patients. A semi-structured interview collected information on the different aspects of care experiences plus “The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire” allowed to measure and compare perceptions of the disease. This will allow to present the very positive effects of a program toward family members and patients themselves: “psychoeducation” that is a structured educationnal intervention which provides information and guidelines on how to react with their family member and influences positively the patient’s outcome as the well being of both patient and family members. Each presentation will extensively be discussed with the attendance and followed by some recommandations Key messages Although schizophrenia is a severe disorder much could be done to alleviate the burden on the patients and their family members. Reorganising the care systems trough adequate policies, setting up policies against stigmatisation and providing educational intervention should promote patients and families empowerment.

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