scholarly journals Leveraging Positive Psychology to Support Smoking Cessation in Nondaily Smokers Using a Smartphone App: Feasibility and Acceptability Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina B Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne S Hoeppner ◽  
Hannah A Carlon ◽  
Giselle K Perez ◽  
Eric Helmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Smoking Pattern ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
High Engagement ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Nondaily Smoking ◽  
Mechanisms Of Behavior Change

BACKGROUND Nondaily smoking is an increasingly prevalent smoking pattern that poses substantial health risks. OBJECTIVE We tested the feasibility of using a smartphone app with positive psychology exercises to support smoking cessation in nondaily smokers. METHODS In this prospective, single-group pilot study, nondaily smokers (n=30) used version 1 of the Smiling Instead of Smoking (SiS) app for 3 weeks while undergoing a quit attempt. The app assigned daily happiness exercises, provided smoking cessation tools, and made smoking cessation information available. Participants answered surveys at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after their chosen quit day and participated in structured user feedback sessions 2 weeks after their chosen quit day. RESULTS App usage during the prescribed 3 weeks of use was high, with an average 84% (25.2/30) of participants using the app on any given day. App use was largely driven by completing happiness exercises (73%, 22/30) of participants per day), which participants continued to complete even after the end of the prescribed period. At the end of prescribed use, 90% (27/30) of participants reported that the app had helped them during their quit attempt, primarily by reminding them to stay on track (83%, 25/30) and boosting their confidence to quit (80%, 24/30) and belief that quitting was worthwhile (80%, 24/30). Happiness exercises were rated more favorably than user-initiated smoking cessation tools, and 80% (24/30) of participants proactively expressed in interviews that they liked them. App functionality to engage social support was not well received. Functionality to deal with risky times was rated useful but was rarely used. Within-person changes from baseline to the end of prescribed use were observed for several theorized mechanisms of behavior change, all in the expected direction: confidence increased (on a 0-100 scale, internal cues: b=16.7, 95% CI 7.2 to 26.3, P=.001; external cues: b=15.8, 95% CI 5.4 to 26.1, P=.004), urge to smoke decreased (on a 1-7 scale, b=−0.8, 95% CI −1.3 to −0.3, P=.002), and perceptions of smoking became less positive (on a 1-5 scale, psychoactive benefits: b=−0.5, 95% CI −0.9 to −0.2, P=.006; pleasure: b=−0.4, 95% CI −0.7 to −0.01, P=.03; on a 0-100 scale, importance of pros of smoking: b=−11.3, 95% CI −18.9 to −3.8, P=.004). Self-reported abstinence rates were 40% (12/30) and 53% (16/30) of participants 2 and 24 weeks post quit, respectively, with 30% (9/30) biochemically validated as abstinent 2 weeks post quit. CONCLUSIONS A smartphone app using happiness exercises to aid smoking cessation was well received by nondaily smokers. Given the high nonadherence and dropout rates for technology-delivered interventions reported in the literature, the high engagement with positive psychology exercises is noteworthy. Observed within-person changes and abstinence rates are promising and warrant further development of this app.

scholarly journals A Smartphone App to Leverage Positive Psychology to Support Smoking Cessation in Nondaily Smokers: Results of SiS Study 1 (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne Hoeppner ◽  
John Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Behavioral Counseling ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

BACKGROUND The population of nondaily smokers is large (ie, 24.3% of adult smokers) and increasing (ie, 27% increase over the past decade). The cancer risk of nondaily smoking is substantial (40%-50% of that seen in daily smokers). Existing treatments are ill-suited for nondaily smoking, because the treatments are based on nicotine dependence, and traditional treatments and treatment modalities (eg, in-person counseling, medication) do not appeal to non-dependent nondaily smokers. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a smartphone app that acts as a behavioral, in-the-pocket coach and uses positive psychology exercises to enhance quitting success. METHODS Nondaily smokers (n=30) used Version 1 of the “Smiling Instead of Smoking” (SiS) app while undergoing a quit attempt (1 week pre-, 2 weeks post-quit). The app assigned daily positive psychology exercises, provided smoking cessation tools (ie, scheduling quit day, logging personal reasons for quitting, planning for challenging times, enlisting social support), and made information about smoking cessation available (ie, benefits of quitting, strategies for cravings). Participants answered surveys at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks post-quit and participated in structured user feedback sessions 2 weeks after their chosen quit day. RESULTS During the 3 weeks of ‘prescribed’ use, 50% of participants completed every daily positive psychology exercise, and the remaining 50% completed on average 85% of the daily exercises. Use of the user-initiated tools was limited: 20% did not use the “Challenging Times” tool at all; those who did only used it twice (median); 27% used the “Social Support” tool on multiple days. Self-reported smoking abstinence rates were 43.3% (7-day abstinence) 2 weeks post-quit, and 40.0% and 43.3% (30-day abstinence) at 6 and 12 weeks post-quit, respectively. Most participants (90%) felt the app helped them during their quit attempt, especially in terms of staying on track, giving them confidence, and reinforcing the idea that quitting was worthwhile. Usefulness ratings were particularly high for functionality that allowed participants to (re-)schedule their quit day and log their personal reasons for quitting smoking. In line with putative mechanisms underlying smoking cessation, compared to baseline, participants reported a lower urge to smoke (F(1,29)=20.55, P<.001), increased self-efficacy to abstain from smoking, both in response to internal (F[,29]=12.69, P<.01) and external stimuli (F[1,29]=18.95, P<.001), decreased endorsement of the psychoactive benefits (F[1,29]=16.24, P<.001) and pleasure (F[1,29]=5.44, P=.03) of smoking, and lower perceived importance of the pros of smoking (F[1,29]=18.26, P<.001). Qualitative feedback indicated a desire for more variety in the positive psychology exercises, more recommended strategies for dealing with cravings, less wordy but more frequent behavioral counseling check-ins, a reward systems, and the removal of the “social support” tool. CONCLUSIONS A positive psychology approach to support smoking cessation resonated well with nondaily smokers. App usage of these exercises was high over a 3-week period, suggesting that this treatment approach is sustainable during the critical phase of smoking cessation. Abstinence rates were substantially higher than natural quit rates in this population, and thus offer some promise, which will need to be evaluated in a randomized trial.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Version 2 of the “Smiling Instead of Smoking” (SiS) Smartphone App for Nondaily Smokers (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina B Hoeppner ◽  
Kaitlyn R Siegel ◽  
Hannah A Carlon ◽  
Christopher W Kahler ◽  
Elyse R Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

BACKGROUND Recent evidence highlights the significant detrimental impact of nondaily smoking on health and its disproportionate prevalence in underserved populations, yet little work has been done to develop treatments specifically geared toward quitting nondaily smoking. OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility, acceptability, and conceptual underpinnings of Version 2 of the “Smiling Instead of Smoking” (SiS2) smartphone app, which was developed specifically for nondaily smokers and uses a positive psychology approach. METHODS Prospective, single-group study of nondaily smokers (n=100) who were prescribed SiS2 app use for seven weeks while undergoing a quit attempt (1 week pre-, 6 weeks post-quit). The app assigned daily positive psychology exercises and behavioral tasks every 2-3 days, which guided smokers through using the smoking cessation tools offered in the app. Participants answered surveys at baseline and 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks post-quit. Feasibility was evaluated based on app usage and acceptability by survey responses. The underlying conceptual framework was tested by examing if theorized within-person changes occurred from baseline to end-of-treatment on survey scales measuring self-efficacy, desire to smoke, and processing of self-relevant health information (i.e., pros and cons of smoking, importance of pros and cons of quitting, motivation). RESULTS Participants used the SiS2 app on average on 24.7±13.8 days out of the 49 prescribed days. In end-of-treatment surveys, participants indicated that the various functions of the app were “easy” to “very easy” to use. The average score on the System Usability Scale was a 79.8±17.3 (“A” grade; “A+”≥84.1, “B+”<78.8; Sauro, 2011). Most participants indicated that the app helped them in their quit attempt (87%); the app reminded them of why they wanted to quit (92%), helped them prepare for the quit attempt (84%), stay positive while quitting (82%), and deal with risky smoking times (68%). Large effects were found for within-person decreases in desire to smoke (b=-1.5[-1.9,-1.1],p<0.0001,gav=1.01), importance of pros of smoking (b=-20.7[-27.2,-14.3],p<0.0001,gav=0.83), and perceived psychoactive benefits of smoking (b=-0.8[-1.0,-0.5],p<0.0001,gav=0.80). Medium effects were found for increases in self-efficacy for remaining abstinent when encountering internal (b=13.1[7.6,18.7],p<0.0001,gav=0.53) and external (b=11.2[6.1,16.1],p<0.0001,gav=0.49) smoking cues. Smaller effects, and contrary to expectation, were found for decreases in motivation to quit smoking and perceived importance of pros of quitting (ps<0.01). Post-hoc analyses showed that motivation decreased for those who did not succeed in quitting while increasing for those who did (p<0.0001). No such interaction effect existed for the perceived importance of pros of quitting (p=0.94). Self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence rates were 40%, 56%, and 56% 6, 12 and 24 weeks after the quit day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SiS2 app was feasible and acceptable, showed promising changes on constructs relevant to smoking cessation, and had high self-reported quit rates by nondaily smokers. The SiS2 app warrants testing in a randomized controlled trial. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registry: Clinicaltrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03951766 URL of Registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03951766

scholarly journals Leveraging Positive Psychology to Support Smoking Cessation in Nondaily Smokers Using a Smartphone App: Feasibility and Acceptability Study

10.2196/13436 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e13436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina B Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne S Hoeppner ◽  
Hannah A Carlon ◽  
Giselle K Perez ◽  
Eric Helmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Smartphone App

Smiling Instead of Smoking: Development of a Positive Psychology Smoking Cessation Smartphone App for Non-daily Smokers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina B. Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne S. Hoeppner ◽  
Lourah Kelly ◽  
Melissa Schick ◽  
John F. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Smartphone App

scholarly journals A Smartphone App to Leverage Positive Psychology to Support Smoking Cessation in Nondaily Smokers: Results of SiS Study 1

Iproceedings ◽  
10.2196/11762 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e11762
Author(s):  
Bettina Hoeppner ◽  
Susanne Hoeppner ◽  
John Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Smartphone App

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of counselling

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
K.O. Fagerström
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Cessation Treatment

Smoking cessation is the only therapeutic intervention that can prevent COPD smokers from the chronic progression of their disorder. The most important intervention for helping these smokers to quit is a combination of counseling plus pharmacological treatment. The characteristics of the counseling should be different depending if this intervention is offered to smokers with a previous diagnosis of COPD or if the intervention is offered to smokers who have been recently diagnoses with COPD. The counseling of patients who have been recently diagnosed should include: a) explanation of the direct relationship between smoking and COPD, b) encouraging these patients to quit and c) using of spirometry and measurements of CO as a motivational tools. The counseling of patients who have been previously diagnosed should include: a) encouragement to make a serious quit attempt, b) an intervention that increases motivation, self-efficacy and self-esteem, c) and the intervention should also control depression and be directed to weight gain control.

Association of deferring a quit attempt with smoking cessation success: A secondary analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hughes ◽  
Cristina Russ ◽  
Michael A. Messig
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Quit Attempt

scholarly journals Impact of a Smoking Cessation Quitline in Vietnam: Evidence Base and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Chau Quy Ngo ◽  
Phuong Thu Phan ◽  
Giap Van Vu ◽  
Quyen Thi Le Pham ◽  
Hanh Thi Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Early Action ◽  
The Impact

Smoking is considered the most critical modifiable factor with regard to lung cancer and remains a public health concern in many countries, including Vietnam, which is among those countries with the highest tobacco consumption rates in the world. This study has examined the impact of national telephone counselling for smoking cessation and has identified the factors associated with the impact of the quitline among male callers in Vietnam. A randomized cross-sectional survey of 469 smokers who sought smoking cessation services via the national quitline was performed from September 2015 to May 2016. The primary outcomes were measured by a self-reported quit rate at the time of assessment, 7 day point prevalence abstinence (PA), 6 month prolonged PA, service satisfaction, and level of motivation. Among the participants, 31.6% were abstinent, and 5.1% of participants successfully stopped smoking and did not need to seek quitline support. Most of the clients were satisfied with the quality of service (88.5%), felt more confident about quitting (74.3%), and took early action via their first quit attempt (81.7%); 18.3% reported a more than 7 day abstinence period at the time of survey. The primary reasons for smoking relapse were surrounding smoking environments (51.6%) and craving symptoms (44.1%). Future smoking cessation efforts should focus on improving the quality of quitline services, client satisfaction, and developing a tailored program and counseling targeting smokers with specific characteristics, especially ones experiencing chronic diseases.

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