scholarly journals Validity Evaluation of the Fitbit Charge2 and the Garmin vivosmart HR+ in Free-Living Environments in an Older Adult Cohort (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Tedesco ◽  
Marco Sica ◽  
Andrea Ancillao ◽  
Suzanne Timmons ◽  
John Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Highly Correlated

BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the validity of mainstream wrist-based activity trackers in healthy older adults in real life, as opposed to laboratory settings. OBJECTIVE This study explored the performance of two wrist-worn trackers (Fitbit Charge 2 and Garmin vivosmart HR+) in estimating steps, energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels, and sleep parameters (total sleep time [TST] and wake after sleep onset [WASO]) against gold-standard technologies in a cohort of healthy older adults in a free-living environment. METHODS Overall, 20 participants (>65 years) took part in the study. The devices were worn by the participants for 24 hours, and the results were compared against validated technology (ActiGraph and New-Lifestyles NL-2000i). Mean error, mean percentage error (MPE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), intraclass correlation (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were computed for all the parameters considered. RESULTS For step counting, all trackers were highly correlated with one another (ICCs>0.89). Although the Fitbit tended to overcount steps (MPE=12.36%), the Garmin and ActiGraph undercounted (MPE 9.36% and 11.53%, respectively). The Garmin had poor ICC values when energy expenditure was compared against the criterion. The Fitbit had moderate-to-good ICCs in comparison to the other activity trackers, and showed the best results (MAPE=12.25%), although it underestimated calories burned. For MVPA levels estimation, the wristband trackers were highly correlated (ICC=0.96); however, they were moderately correlated against the criterion and they overestimated MVPA activity minutes. For the sleep parameters, the ICCs were poor for all cases, except when comparing the Fitbit with the criterion, which showed moderate agreement. The TST was slightly overestimated with the Fitbit, although it provided good results with an average MAPE equal to 10.13%. Conversely, WASO estimation was poorer and was overestimated by the Fitbit but underestimated by the Garmin. Again, the Fitbit was the most accurate, with an average MAPE of 49.7%. CONCLUSIONS The tested well-known devices could be adopted to estimate steps, energy expenditure, and sleep duration with an acceptable level of accuracy in the population of interest, although clinicians should be cautious in considering other parameters for clinical and research purposes.

Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-living Conditions among Older Adults (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Kastelic ◽  
Marina Dobnik ◽  
Stefan Loefler ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Free Living Conditions

BACKGROUND Wrist worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use, but with the potential to be used also for clinical and research purposes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviours metrics from three popular activity trackers (POLAR Vantage M, Garmin Vivosport and Garmin Vivoactive 4s) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults. METHODS Participants (n = 28; 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three activity trackers. On a separate occasion, participants wore one (randomly assigned) activity tracker and a research grade physical activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days for comparisons. RESULTS Both Garmin activity trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20 % and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (P < .05), while Polar Vantage M substantially over counted steps (MAPE = 84 % and ICC2,1 = 0.37 for free-living conditions). MAPE for sleep time was within 10 % for all the trackers tested, while far beyond 20 % for all the physical activity and calories burned outputs. Both Garmin trackers showed fair agreement (ICC2,1 = 0.58–0.55) for measuring calories burned when compared with ActiGraph. CONCLUSIONS Garmin Vivoactive 4s showed overall best performance, especially for measuring steps and sleep time in healthy older adults. Minimal detectible change was consistently lower for an average day measures than for a single day measure, but still relatively high. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes – individual use/care, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.

Stride Rate and Walking Intensity in Healthy Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Peacock ◽  
Allan Hewitt ◽  
David A. Rowe ◽  
Rona Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Stride Rate

Purpose:The study investigated (a) walking intensity (stride rate and energy expenditure) under three speed instructions; (b) associations between stride rate, age, height, and walking intensity; and (c) synchronization between stride rate and music tempo during overground walking in a population of healthy older adults.Methods:Twenty-nine participants completed 3 treadmill-walking trials and 3 overground-walking trials at 3 self-selected speeds. Treadmill VO2 was measured using indirect calorimetry. Stride rate and music tempo were recorded during overground-walking trials.Results:Mean stride rate exceeded minimum thresholds for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) under slow (111.41 ± 11.93), medium (118.17 ± 11.43), and fast (123.79 ± 11.61) instructions. A multilevel model showed that stride rate, age, and height have a significant effect (p < .01) on walking intensity.Conclusions:Healthy older adults achieve MVPA with stride rates that fall below published minima for MVPA. Stride rate, age, and height are significant predictors of energy expenditure in this population. Music can be a useful way to guide walking cadence.

scholarly journals Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-Grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions among Older Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6245
Author(s):  
Kaja Kastelic ◽  
Marina Dobnik ◽  
Stefan Löfler ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Wrist-worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use. This study aimed to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviors metrics from three activity trackers (Polar Vantage M, Garmin Vivoactive 4s and Garmin Vivosport) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults. Participants (n = 28; 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three trackers. On a separate occasion, participants (n = 17 for each of the trackers) wore one (randomly assigned) tracker and a research-grade activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days. Both Garmin trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (p < 0.05). The MAPE for sleep time was within 10% for all the trackers tested, while it was far beyond 20% for all other movement behaviors metrics. The results suggested that all three trackers could be used for measuring sleep time with a high level of accuracy, and both Garmin trackers could also be used for step counts. All other output metrics should be used with caution. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes—individual use, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.

scholarly journals Comparison of Energy Expenditure Assessed Using Wrist- and Hip-Worn ActiGraph GT3X in Free-Living Conditions in Young and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Guediri ◽  
Louise Robin ◽  
Justine Lacroix ◽  
Timothee Aubourg ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Free Living Conditions

The World Health Organization has presented their recommendations for energy expenditure to improve public health. Activity trackers do represent a modern solution for measuring physical activity, particularly in terms of steps/day and energy expended in physical activity (active energy expenditure). According to the manufacturer's instructions, these activity trackers can be placed on different body locations, mostly at the wrist and the hip, in an undifferentiated manner. The objective of this study was to compare the absolute error rate of active energy expenditure measured by a wrist-worn and hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ over a 24-h period in free-living conditions in young and older adults. Over the period of a 24-h period, 22 young adults and 22 older adults were asked to wear two ActiGraph GT3X+ at two different body locations recommended by the manufacturer, namely one around the wrist and one above the hip. Freedson algorithm was applied for data analysis. For both groups, the absolute error rate tended to decrease from 1,252 to 43% for older adults and from 408 to 46% for young participants with higher energy expenditure. Interestingly, for both young and older adults, the wrist-worn ActiGraph provided a significantly higher values of active energy expenditure (943 ± 264 cal/min) than the hip-worn (288 ± 181 cal/min). Taken together, these results suggest that caution is needed when using active energy expenditure as an activity tracker-based metric to quantify physical activity.

scholarly journals Day-to-Day Variability and Year-to-Year Reproducibility of Accelerometer-Measured Free-Living Sit-to-Stand Transitions Volume and Intensity among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6068
Author(s):  
Antti Löppönen ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Erja Portegijs ◽  
Kaisa Koivunen ◽  
Taina Rantanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the day-to-day variability and year-to-year reproducibility of an accelerometer-based algorithm for sit-to-stand (STS) transitions in a free-living environment among community-dwelling older adults. (2) Methods: Free-living thigh-worn accelerometry was recorded for three to seven days in 86 (women n = 55) community-dwelling older adults, on two occasions separated by one year, to evaluate the long-term consistency of free-living behavior. (3) Results: Year-to-year intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the number of STS transitions were 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.86, p < 0.001), for mean angular velocity—0.81 (95% ci, 0.72–0.87, p < 0.001), and maximal angular velocity—0.73 (95% ci, 0.61–0.82, p < 0.001), respectively. Day-to-day ICCs were 0.63–0.72 for number of STS transitions (95% ci, 0.49–0.81, p < 0.001) and for mean angular velocity—0.75–0.80 (95% ci, 0.64–0.87, p < 0.001). Minimum detectable change (MDC) was 20.1 transitions/day for volume, 9.7°/s for mean intensity, and 31.7°/s for maximal intensity. (4) Conclusions: The volume and intensity of STS transitions monitored by a thigh-worn accelerometer and a sit-to-stand transitions algorithm are reproducible from day to day and year to year. The accelerometer can be used to reliably study STS transitions in free-living environments, which could add value to identifying individuals at increased risk for functional disability.

scholarly journals 95 Accuracy of Off the Shelf Activity Trackers in Ambulatory Settings in Young and Old Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii1-iii16
Author(s):  
John Barton ◽  
Suzanne Timmons ◽  
Salvatore Tedesco ◽  
Marco Sica ◽  
Colum Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Household Activities ◽  
Gold Standards

Abstract Background Wrist-worn activity trackers have experienced a tremendous growth lately. Robust studies of the comparative accuracy of currently available, mainstream trackers, in young adults versus older adults are still scarce in literature. This study explores the performance of ten trackers estimating steps, travelled distance, and heart-rate measurements against gold-standards in two cohorts of young and old adults. Methods Overall, 38 subjects completed a structured protocol involving walking tasks, simulated household activities, and sedentary activities, including less standardised activities, such as dusting, vacuuming, or playing cards, in order to simulate real-life scenarios. Both wrist-mounted and chest/waist-mounted devices were considered. Gold-standards included treadmill, waist-mounted pedometer, ECG-based chest strap, direct observation or video recording according to the activity and parameter. Results Every tracker shows a decreasing accuracy with slower walking speed, which resulted in a significant step under-counting. Large mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was displayed by every monitor at slower walking speeds. During household activities, the MAPE in young adults climbing up/down-stairs ranged from 3.91-11.41% and 4.34-11.92% (dominant and non-dominant arm), respectively. However, for the same activities older adults displayed a larger MAPE, at 8.38-19.3% and 10.06-19.01%, respectively. Chest-worn or waist-worn devices had more uniform performance. However, unstructured activities (dusting, vacuuming, playing cards), and accuracy in people using a walking aid represent a challenge for all consumer-level trackers as evidenced by large MAPE. Poor performance in travelled distance estimation was also evident during walking at low speeds and household activities for both cohorts. Conclusion This study shows a number of limitations to current, mainstream consumer-level wrist-based activity trackers, requiring caution if adopted in healthcare, whether clinical or research. This study demonstrates the particular deficits in commercial devices for use in an aging population, and provides some indications on how to best measure these health parameters in this population.

scholarly journals Smartphone Monitoring of Gait and Balance During Irregular Surface Walking and Obstacle Crossing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeesata Kuntapun ◽  
Patima Silsupadol ◽  
Teerawat Kamnardsiri ◽  
Vipul Lugade
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irregular Surface ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Gait Adaptation

As gait adaptation is vital for successful locomotion, the development of field-based tools to quantify gait in challenging real-world environments are crucial. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of a smartphone-based gait and balance assessment while walking on unobstructed and obstructed terrains using two phone placements. Furthermore, age-related differences in smartphone-derived gait strategies when navigating different walking conditions and environments were evaluated. By providing a method for evaluating gait in the simulated free-living environment, results of this study can elucidate the strategies young and older adults utilize to navigate obstructed and unobstructed walking paths. A total of 24 young and older adults ambulated indoors and outdoors under three conditions: level walking, irregular surface walking, and obstacle crossing. Android smartphones placed on the body and in a bag computed spatiotemporal gait (i.e., velocity, step time, step length, and cadence) and balance (i.e., center of mass (COM) displacement), with motion capture and video used to validate parameters in the laboratory and free-living environments, respectively. Reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and validity was evaluated using Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. A three-way ANOVA was used to assess outcome measures across group, condition, and environment. Results showed that smartphones were reliable and valid for measuring gait across all conditions, phone placements, and environments (ICC2,1: 0.606–0.965; Pearson's r: 0.72–1.00). Although body and bag placement demonstrated similar results for spatiotemporal parameters, accurate vertical COM displacement could only be obtained from the body placement. Older adults demonstrated a longer step time and lower cadence only during obstacle crossing, when compared to young adults. Furthermore, environmental differences in walking strategy were observed only during irregular surface walking. In particular, participants utilized a faster gait speed and a longer step length in the free-living environment, compared to the laboratory environment. In conclusion, smartphones demonstrate the potential for remote patient monitoring and home health care. Along with being easy-to-use, inexpensive, and portable, smartphones can accurately evaluate gait during both unobstructed and obstructed walking, indoors and outdoors.

scholarly journals Effects of Morning Versus Evening Home-Based Exercise on Subjective and Objective Sleep Parameters in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872092470
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Seol ◽  
Yuya Fujii ◽  
Taiki Inoue ◽  
Naruki Kitano ◽  
Kenji Tsunoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Objectively Measured

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the timing of exercise influenced the effects of home-based low-intensity stepping exercises on the sleep parameters of older adults. Method: For 8 weeks, 60 healthy older adults participated in a randomized controlled trial, performing low-intensity aerobic exercise (70-80 bpm) for about 30 minutes every day at home, either in the morning (from waking until 12:00) or evening (18:00 to bedtime). Results: In the evening exercise group, both subjectively and objectively measured sleep latency significantly improved throughout the intervention. Further, postintervention subjective sleep satisfaction was significantly higher in the evening group (6.2 ± 1.3 points) than in the morning group (5.2 ± 1.4 points; P = .006). Additionally, sleep variables related to evening exercise had larger effect sizes (Cohen d) than those performed in the morning. Conclusion: Engaging in low-intensity stepping exercises during the evening is potentially a useful nonpharmacological approach to improving sleep quality among older adults.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Intensity Cut-Points for Wrist-Worn GENEActiv in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fraysse ◽  
Dannielle Post ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Daiki Kasai ◽  
Alex V. Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Intensity

Purpose: This study aims to (1) establish GENEActiv intensity cutpoints in older adults and (2) compare the classification accuracy between dominant (D) or non-dominant (ND) wrist, using both laboratory and free-living data.Methods: Thirty-one older adults participated in the study. They wore a GENEActiv Original on each wrist and performed nine activities of daily living. A portable gas analyzer was used to measure energy expenditure for each task. Testing was performed on two occasions separated by at least 8 days. Some of the same participants (n = 13) also wore one device on each wrist during 3 days of free-living. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to establish the optimal cutpoints.Results: For sedentary time, both dominant and non-dominant wrist had excellent classification accuracy (sensitivity 0.99 and 0.97, respectively; specificity 0.91 and 0.86, respectively). For Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), the non-dominant wrist device had better accuracy (ND sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.79; D sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.64). The corresponding cutpoints for sedentary-to-light were 255 and 375 g · min (epoch independent: 42.5 and 62.5 mg), and those for the light-to-moderate were 588 and 555 g · min (epoch-independent: 98.0 and 92.5 mg) for the non-dominant and dominant wrist, respectively. For free-living data, the dominant wrist device resulted in significantly more sedentary time and significantly less light and MVPA time compared to the non-dominant wrist.

Polar Vantage and Oura physical activity and sleep trackers: A validation and comparison study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henriksen ◽  
Frode Svartdal ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
Laila Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Activity Trackers

BACKGROUND Consumer-based activity trackers are increasingly used in research as they have potential to increase activity participation and can be used for estimating physical activity. However, the accuracy of newer consumer-based devices is mostly unknown, and validation studies are needed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the accuracy of the Polar Vantage watch and Oura ring activity trackers for measuring physical activity, total energy expenditure, resting heart rate, and sleep duration, in free-living adults. METHODS Twenty-one participants wore two consumer-based activity trackers (Polar, Oura), an ActiGraph accelerometer, an Actiheart accelerometer and heart rate monitor, and completed a sleep diary for up to seven days. We assessed Polar and Oura validity and comparability for physical activity, total energy expenditure, resting heart rate (Oura), and sleep duration. We analysed repeated measures correlation, Bland-Altman plots, and mean absolute percentage error. RESULTS Polar and Oura were both strongly correlated (p<0.001) with ActiGraph for steps (Polar r 0.75, 95% CI 0.54-0.92. Oura r 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.87), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Polar r 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.88. Oura r 0.70, 95% CI 0.49-0.82), and total energy expenditure (Polar r 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.88. Oura r 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.83) and strongly or very strongly correlated (p<0.001) with the sleep diary for sleep duration (Polar r 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.88. Oura r 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.91). Oura had a very strong correlation (p<0.001) with Actiheart for resting heart rate (r 0.9, 95% CI 0.85-0.96). However, all confidence interval ranges were wide and mean absolute percentage error was high for all variables, except Oura sleep duration (10%) and resting heart rate (3%) where Oura under-reported on average one beat per minute. CONCLUSIONS Oura can potentially be used as an alternative to Actiheart to measure resting heart rate. For sleep duration, Polar and Oura can potentially be used as a replacement for a manual sleep diary, depending on acceptable error. Neither Polar nor Oura can replace ActiGraph for measuring steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total energy expenditure, but may be used as an additional source of physical activity in some settings.

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