scholarly journals Effects of Social Media and Mobile Health Apps on Pregnancy Care: Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
Mengtong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pregnancy Care ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND The use of social media and mobile health (mHealth) apps has been increasing in pregnancy care. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of these interventions with regard to different health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women and investigate the characteristics and components of interventions that may affect program effectiveness. METHOD We performed a comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases and reference sections of related reviews and eligible studies. A random effects model was used to calculate the effect size. RESULTS Fifteen randomized controlled trial studies published in and before June 2018 that met the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The interventions were effective in promoting maternal physical health including weight management, gestational diabetes mellitus control, and asthma control with a moderate to large effect size (d=0.72). Large effect sizes were also found for improving maternal mental health (d=0.84) and knowledge about pregnancy (d=0.80). Weight control interventions using wearable devices were more effective. CONCLUSION Social media and mHealth apps have the potential to be widely used in improving maternal well-being. More large-scale clinical trials focusing on different health outcomes are suggested for future studies.

scholarly journals Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and well-being for children and youth: a protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e043722
Author(s):  
Naomi Priest ◽  
Kate Doery ◽  
Mandy Truong ◽  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Ryan Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Health And Well Being

IntroductionRacism is a critical determinant of health and health inequities for children and youth. This protocol aims to update the first systematic review conducted by Priest et al (2013), including a meta-analysis of findings. Based on previous empirical data, it is anticipated that child and youth health will be negatively impacted by racism. Findings from this review will provide updated evidence of effect sizes across outcomes and identify moderators and mediators of relationships between racism and health.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will include studies that examine associations between experiences of racism and racial discrimination with health outcomes of children and youth aged 0–24 years. Exposure measures include self-reported or proxy reported systemic, interpersonal and intrapersonal racism. Outcome measures include general health and well-being, physical health, mental health, biological markers, healthcare utilisation and health behaviours. A comprehensive search of studies from the earliest time available to October 2020 will be conducted. A random effects meta-analysis will examine the average effect of racism on a range of health outcomes. Study-level moderation will test the difference in effect sizes with regard to various sample and exposure characteristics. This review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.Ethics and disseminationThis review will provide evidence for future research within the field and help to support policy and practice development. Results will be widely disseminated to both academic and non-academic audiences through peer-review publications, community summaries and presentations to research, policy, practice and community audiences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020184055.

scholarly journals When the Bough Breaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mental Health Symptoms in Mothers of Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Racine ◽  
Rachel Eirich ◽  
Jessica Cookee ◽  
Jenney Zhu ◽  
Paolo Pador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analyses

Parents have experienced considerable challenges and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may impact their well-being. This meta-analysis sought to identify: 1) the prevalence of depression and anxiety in parents of young children (< age 5) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2) sociodemographic (e.g., parent age, minority status) and methodological moderators (e.g., study quality) that explain heterogeneity among studies. A systematic search was conducted across four databases from January 1st, 2020 to March 3st, 2021. A total of 18 non-overlapping studies (9,101 participants), all focused on maternal mental health, met inclusion criteria. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled prevalence estimates for clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms for mothers of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic were 27.4% (95% CI: 21.5-34.3) and 43.5% (95% CI:27.5-60.9), respectively. Prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in Europe and North America and among older mothers. Clinically elevated depressive symptoms were lower in studies with a higher percentage of racial and ethnic minority individuals. In comparison, clinically elevated anxiety symptoms were higher among studies of low study quality and in samples with highly educated mothers. Policies and resources targeting improvements in maternal mental health are essential.

Work Engagement: A meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands-Resources Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110519
Author(s):  
Greta Mazzetti ◽  
Enrique Robledo ◽  
Michela Vignoli ◽  
Gabriela Topa ◽  
Dina Guglielmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Occupational Role ◽  
Volunteer Workers ◽  
Lower Effect

Although the construct of work engagement has been extensively explored, a systematic meta-analysis based on a consistent categorization of engagement antecedents, outcomes, and well-being correlates is still lacking. The results of prior research reporting 533 correlations from 113 independent samples ( k = 94, n = 119,420) were coded using a meta-analytic approach. The effect size for development resources ( r = .45) and personal resources ( r = .48) was higher than for social resources ( r = .36) and for job resources ( r = .37). Among the outcomes and well-being correlates explored, the effect size was highest for job satisfaction ( r = .60) and commitment ( r = .63). Furthermore, moderation analysis showed that (a) concerning the occupational role, work engagement finds a low association with turnover intention among civil servants, volunteer workers, and educators; (b) collectivist cultural environments reported a greater association of feedback with engagement than individualistic environments; (c) the relationship between personal resources and engagement was stronger among workers with university degrees than workers with high school diplomas. Furthermore, the absorption dimension showed a lower effect with all variables under investigation than vigor and dedication.

scholarly journals Association of Social Media Use With Social Well-Being, Positive Mental Health, and Self-Rated Health: Disentangling Routine Use From Emotional Connection to Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 69S-80S ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin A. Bekalu ◽  
Rachel F. McCloud ◽  
K. Viswanath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Emotional Connection ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Related

Most studies addressing social media use as a normal social behavior with positive or negative effects on health-related outcomes have conceptualized and measured social media use and its effects in terms of dose–effect relations. These studies focus on measuring frequency and duration of use, and have seldom considered users’ emotional connections to social media use and the effects associated with such connections. By using a scale with two dimensions capturing users’ integration of social media use into their social routines and their emotional connection to the sites’ use, the present study has brought preliminary evidence that may help map where social media use, as a normal social behavior, may be considered beneficial or harmful. Data from a nationally representative sample ( n = 1,027) of American adults showed that while routine use is associated with positive health outcomes, emotional connection to social media use is associated with negative health outcomes. These associations have been consistent across three health-related outcomes: social well-being, positive mental health, and self-rated health. The data also showed that the strength of the positive and negative associations of routine use and emotional connection with the health outcomes varies across socioeconomic and racial/ethnic population subgroups. Our findings suggest that the link between social media use and health may not only be captured by and explained in terms of conventional dose–effect approaches but may also require a more sophisticated conceptualization and measurement of the social media use behavior.

scholarly journals Are Community Gardening and Horticultural Interventions Beneficial for Psychosocial Well-Being? A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Spano ◽  
Marina D’Este ◽  
Vincenzo Giannico ◽  
Giuseppe Carrus ◽  
Mario Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
City Management ◽  
Community Gardening ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Recent literature has revealed the positive effect of gardening on human health; however, empirical evidence on the effects of gardening-based programs on psychosocial well-being is scant. This meta-analysis aims to examine the scientific literature on the effect of community gardening or horticultural interventions on a variety of outcomes related to psychosocial well-being, such as social cohesion, networking, social support, and trust. From 383 bibliographic records retrieved (from 1975 to 2019), seven studies with a total of 22 effect sizes were selected on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analytic findings on 11 comparisons indicate a positive and moderate effect of horticultural or gardening interventions on psychosocial well-being. Moderation analysis shows a greater effect size in individualistic than collectivistic cultures. A greater effect size was also observed in studies involving community gardening compared to horticultural intervention. Nevertheless, an effect of publication bias and study heterogeneity has been detected. Despite the presence of a large number of qualitative studies on the effect of horticulture/gardening on psychosocial well-being, quantitative studies are lacking. There is a strong need to advance into further high-quality studies on this research topic given that gardening has promising applied implications for human health, the community, and sustainable city management.

scholarly journals How should we investigate variation in the relation between social media and well-being?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Johannes ◽  
Philipp K. Masur ◽  
Matti Vuorre ◽  
Andrew K Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Theoretical Distribution ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Region Of Practical Equivalence

The study of the relation between social media use and well-being is at a critical junction. Many researchers find small to no associations, yet policymakers and public stakeholders keep asking for more evidence. One way the field is reacting is by inspecting the variation around average relations – with the goal of describing individual social media users. Here, we argue that such an approach risks losing sight of the most important outcomes of a quantitative social science: estimates of the average relation in a large group. Our analysis begins by describing how the field got to this point. Then, we explain the problems of the current approach of studying variation. Next, we propose a principled approach to quantify, interpret, and explain variation in average relations: (1) conducting model comparisons, (2) defining a region of practical equivalence and testing the theoretical distribution of relations against that region, (3) defining a smallest effect size of interest and comparing it against the theoretical distribution. We close with recommendations to either study moderators as systematic factors that explain variation or to conduct N = 1 studies and qualitative research.

scholarly journals Estimating the effect size of moral contagion in online networks: A pre-registered replication and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brady ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Over 4 billion people now use social media platforms. As our social lives become more entangled than ever before with online social networks, it is important to understand the dynamics of online information diffusion. This is particularly true for the political domain, as political elites, disinformation profiteers and social activists all utilize social media to gain influence by spreading information. Recent work found that emotional expressions related to the domain of morality (moral emotion expression) are associated with increased diffusion of political messages--a phenomenon we called ‘moral contagion’. Here, we perform a large, pre-registered direct replication (N = 849,266) of Brady et al. (2017), as well as a meta-analysis of all available data testing moral contagion (5 independent labs, 27 studies, N = 4,821,006). The estimate of moral contagion in the available population of studies is positive and significant (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.06, 1.19]), such that each message is 12% more likely to be shared for each additional moral-emotional word. The mean effect size of the large, pre-registered replication (IRR = 1.15) better estimated the effect size of the available population of studies than the original study (IRR = 1.20). These findings reinforce the importance of replication and producing a pre-registered analysis to generate accurate estimates of effect size for future studies.

Challenges in Participant Engagement and Retention using Mobile Health Apps: A Literature Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Amagai ◽  
Sarah Pila ◽  
Aaron J Kaat ◽  
Cindy J Nowinski ◽  
Richard C Gershon
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Mobile Health Apps ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) apps are revolutionizing the way clinicians and researchers monitor and manage the health of their participants. However, many studies using mHealth apps are hampered by substantial participant drop-out, or attrition, which may impact the representativeness of the sample and the effectiveness of the study. It is therefore imperative for researchers to understand what makes the participants stay with mHealth apps and/or studies using mHealth apps. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review current peer-reviewed research literature in order to identify notable factors and strategies used in participant engagement and retention of adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, MedLine, and PsycINFO databases for mHealth studies that evaluated and assessed issues and/or strategies to improve engagement and retention of adults from 2015 to 2020. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Notable themes were identified and narratively compared amongst different studies. A binomial regression model was generated to examine factors affecting retention. RESULTS Of the 389 identified studies, 62 were included in the review. Overall, the majority of studies were at least partially successful in maintaining participant engagement throughout. Factors related to particular elements of the app (e.g., feedback, appropriate reminders, and in-app support from peers or coaches) and strategies for research (e.g., compensation and niche samples) that promote retention were identified. Factors that obstruct retention were also identified (e.g., lack of support features, technical difficulties, and usefulness of app). The regression model results showed that a participant is more likely to not be retained than they would be retained. CONCLUSIONS Retaining participants is an omnipresent challenge for mHealth studies. The insights from this review should help inform future studies about factors and strategies to improve participant retention.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mobile Health Apps Using Built-In Smartphone Sensors for Diagnosis and Treatment: Systematic Survey of Apps Listed in International Curated Health App Libraries

10.2196/16741 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e16741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Baxter ◽  
Julie-Anne Carroll ◽  
Brendan Keogh ◽  
Corneel Vandelanotte
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Smartphone Sensors ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Mhealth Apps

Background More than a million health and well-being apps are available from the Apple and Google app stores. Some apps use built-in mobile phone sensors to generate health data. Clinicians and patients can find information regarding safe and effective mobile health (mHealth) apps in third party–curated mHealth app libraries. Objective These independent Web-based repositories guide app selection from trusted lists, but do they offer apps using ubiquitous, low-cost smartphone sensors to improve health? This study aimed to identify the types of built-in mobile phone sensors used in apps listed on curated health app libraries, the range of health conditions these apps address, and the cross-platform availability of the apps. Methods This systematic survey reviewed three such repositories (National Health Service Apps Library, AppScript, and MyHealthApps), assessing the availability of apps using built-in mobile phone sensors for the diagnosis or treatment of health conditions. Results A total of 18 such apps were identified and included in this survey, representing 1.1% (8/699) to 3% (2/76) of all apps offered by the respective libraries examined. About one-third (7/18, 39%) of the identified apps offered cross-platform Apple and Android versions, with a further 50% (9/18) only dedicated to Apple and 11% (2/18), to Android. About one-fourth (4/18, 22%) of the identified apps offered dedicated diagnostic functions, with a majority featuring therapeutic (9/18, 50%) or combined functionality (5/18, 28%). Cameras, touch screens, and microphones were the most frequently used built-in sensors. Health concerns addressed by these apps included respiratory, dermatological, neurological, and anxiety conditions. Conclusions Diligent mHealth app library curation, medical device regulation constraints, and cross-platform differences in mobile phone sensor architectures may all contribute to the observed limited availability of mHealth apps using built-in phone sensors in curated mHealth app libraries. However, more efforts are needed to increase the number of such apps on curated lists, as they offer easily accessible low-cost options to assist people in managing clinical conditions.

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