scholarly journals Kuantim mi tu (“Count me too”): Using Multiple Methods to Estimate the Number of Female Sex Workers, Men Who Have Sex With Men, and Transgender Women in Papua New Guinea in 2016 and 2017 (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Angela Kelly-Hanku ◽  
Parker Hou ◽  
Martha Kupul ◽  
Angelyne Amos-Kuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby

BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW) are at high risk of acquiring HIV in many settings, such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). An understanding of the approximate size of these populations can inform resource allocation for HIV services for FSW, MSM, and TGW. OBJECTIVE An objective of this multi-site survey was to conduct updated population size estimations (PSE) of FSW and MSM/TGW. METHODS Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) biobehavioral surveys of FSW and MSM/TGW were conducted in 3 major cities—(1) Port Moresby, (2) Lae, and (3) Mount Hagen—between June 2016 and December 2017. Eligibility criteria for FSW included: (1) ≥12 years of age, (2) born female, (3) could speak English or Tok Pisin (PNG Pidgin), and (4) had sold or exchanged sex with a man in the past six months. Eligibility for MSM/TGW included: (1) ≥12 years of age, (2) born male, (3) could speak English, or Tok Pisin, and (4) had engaged in oral or anal sex with another person born male in the past six months. PSE methods included unique object multiplier, service multiplier, and successive sampling-population size estimation (SS-PSE) using imputed visibility. Weighted data analyses were conducted using RDS-Analyst and Microsoft Excel. RESULTS Sample sizes for FSW and MSM/TGW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mount Hagen included: (1) 673 and 400, (2) 709 and 352, and (3) 709 and 111 respectively. Keychains were used for the unique object multiplier method and were distributed 1 week before the start of each RDS survey. HIV service testing data were only available in Port Moresby and Mount Hagen and SS-PSE estimates were calculated for all cities. Due to limited service provider data and uncertain prior size estimation knowledge, unique object multiplier weighted estimations were chosen for estimates. In Port Moresby, we estimate that there are 16,053 (95% CI 8232-23,874) FSW and 7487 (95% CI 3975-11,000) MSM/TGW, approximately 9.5% and 3.8% of the female and male populations respectively. In Lae, we estimate that there are 6105 (95% CI 4459-7752) FSW and 4669 (95% CI 3068-6271) MSM/TGW, approximately 14.4% and 10.1% of the female and male populations respectively. In Mount Hagen, we estimate that there are 2646 (95% CI 1655-3638) FSW and 1095 (95% CI 913-1151) MSM/TGW using service multiplier and successive sampling, respectively. This is approximately 17.1% and 6.3% of the female and male populations respectively. CONCLUSIONS As the HIV epidemic in PNG rapidly evolves among key populations, PSE should be repeated to produce current estimates for timely comparison and future trend analysis.

scholarly journals Considerable distance to reach 90-90-90 targets among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender women in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: findings from a cross-sectional respondent-driven sampling survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi J Hakim ◽  
Steven G Badman ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Angelyne Amos ◽  
Barne Willie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveTo characterise the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 cascade among female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM)/transgender women (TGW) in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodsWe conducted respondent-driven sampling surveys among FSW and MSM/TGW in Port Moresby, PNG from June to October 2016. All participants spoke English or Tok Pisin and were aged >12 years. FSW had to be born female and sell/exchange sex with a male in the past 6 months. MSM/TGW had to be born male and have oral/anal sex with another male-born person in the past 6 months. Participants were interviewed and offered rapid HIV diagnostic and viral load testing. HIV viral suppression (VS) was defined as <1000 copies/mL.ResultsWe recruited 674 FSW and 400 MSM/TGW; HIV prevalence was 15.2% (95% CI 11.7 to 18.8) and 8.5% (95% CI 5.0 to 11.9), respectively. Among FSW living with HIV, 39.0% (95% CI 26.6 to 51.4) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 79.6% (95% CI 62.7 to 96.5) self-reported being on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 54.1% (95% CI 31.8 to 76.4) achieved VS. Among MSM/TGW living with HIV, 24.4% (95% CI 4.7 to 44.1) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 43.9% (95% CI 33.6 to 54.8) self-reported being on ART, and 86.1% (95% CI 71.1 to 93.9) achieved VS.ConclusionsART use among those aware of their HIV status is encouraging. However, the generally low awareness of infection status among FSW and MSM/TGW with HIV and the low VS among FSW on ART indicate an urgent need for innovative strategies to increase testing uptake and ART adherence among these populations. Monitoring drug resistance may be warranted.

scholarly journals Population Size Estimation of Venue-Based Female Sex Workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Capture-Recapture Exercise (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giang Le ◽  
Nghia Khuu ◽  
Van Thi Thu Tieu ◽  
Phuc Duy Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Yen Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Selection Of

BACKGROUND There is limited population size estimation of female sex workers (FSWs) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)—the largest city in Vietnam. Only 1 population size estimation among venue-based female sex workers (VFSWs) was conducted in 2012 in HCMC. Appropriate estimates of the sizes of key populations are critical for resource allocation to prevent HIV infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the population size of the VFSWs from December 2016 to January 2017 in HCMC, Vietnam. METHODS A multistage capture-recapture study was conducted in HCMC. The capture procedures included selection of districts using stratified probability proportion to size, mapping to identify venues, approaching all VFSWs to screen their eligibility, and then distribution of a unique object (a small pink makeup bag) to all eligible VFSWs in all identified venues. The recapture exercise included equal probability random selection of a sample of venues from the initial mapping and then approaching FSWs in those venues to determine the number and proportion of women who received the unique object. The proportion and associated confidence bounds, calculated using sampling weights and accounting for study design, were then divided by the number of objects distributed to calculate the number of VFSWs in the selected districts. This was then multiplied by the inverse of the proportion of districts selected to calculate the number of VFSWs in HCMC as a whole. RESULTS Out of 24 districts, 6 were selected for the study. Mapping identified 573 venues across which 2317 unique objects were distributed in the first capture. During the recapture round, 103 venues were selected and 645 VFSWs were approached and interviewed. Of those, 570 VFSWs reported receiving the unique object during the capture round. Total estimated VFSWs in the 6 selected districts were 2616 (95% CI 2445-3014), accounting for the fact that only 25% (6/24) of total districts were selected gives an overall estimate of 10,465 (95% CI 9782-12,055) VFSWs in HCMC. CONCLUSIONS The capture-recapture exercise provided an estimated number of VFSWs in HCMC. However, for planning HIV prevention and care service needs among all FSWs, studies are needed to assess the number of sex workers who are not venue-based, including those who use social media platforms to sell services.

scholarly journals High prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender women in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barne Willie ◽  
Avi J. Hakim ◽  
Steven G. Badman ◽  
Damian Weikum ◽  
Rebecca Narokobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Port Moresby

Abstract Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate of 333 cases per 100,000 population in 2016 and is one of the 14 countries classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “high-burden” for TB, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV. HIV epidemic is mixed with a higher prevalence among key populations, female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional HIV biobehavioral survey (BBS) using respondent-driven sampling method among FSW, MSM, and TGW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen (2016–2017). As part of the study, participants were screened for the four symptoms suggestive of TB infection using the WHO TB screening algorithm. Sputum and venous whole blood samples were collected and tested for pulmonary TB and HIV infection, respectively. Pulmonary TB testing was performed using GeneXpert®MTB/RIF molecular point-of-care test, and HIV testing was done following the PNG national HIV testing algorithm. All data discussed are weighted unless otherwise mentioned. Results Among FSW, 72.6%, 52.0%, and 52.9% in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Among MSM and TGW, 69% and 52.6% in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Based on GeneXpert®MTB/RIF results, the estimated TB prevalence rate among FSW was 1200, 700, and 200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively. Among MSM and TGW, the estimated TB prevalence rate was 1000 and 1200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively. Co-prevalence of TB/HIV among FSW was 0.1% in Port Moresby and 0.2% in Lae. There were no co-prevalent cases among FSW in Mt. Hagen or among MSM and TGW in Port Moresby and Lae. Conclusions Key populations have a higher estimated rate of pulmonary TB than the national rate of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB combined. This showed that screening key populations for TB should be integrated into HIV programs regardless of HIV status in PNG’s national TB response.

Characteristics and Population Size Estimation of Female Sex Workers in Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekey Khandu ◽  
Tashi Tobgay ◽  
Kinley Kinley ◽  
Ngawang Choida ◽  
Tshering Tashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals Population size estimation of female sex workers in Iran: Synthesis of methods and results

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0182755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Karamouzian ◽  
Mohammad Reza Baneshi ◽  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
AliAkbar Haghdoost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Namibia Using a Respondent-Driven Sampling Adjustment to the Reverse Tracking Method: A Novel Approach (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Douglas Wesson ◽  
Rajatashuvra Adhikary ◽  
Anna Jonas ◽  
Krysta Gerndt ◽  
Ali Mirzazadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Double Counting ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Size Estimates

BACKGROUND Key populations, including female sex workers (FSWs), are at a disproportionately high risk for HIV infection. Estimates of the size of these populations serve as denominator data to inform HIV prevention and treatment programming and are necessary for the equitable allocation of limited public health resources. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) adjusted reverse tracking method (RTM; RadR), a novel population size estimation approach that combines venue mapping data with RDS data to estimate the population size, adjusted for double counting and nonattendance biases. METHODS We used data from a 2014 RDS survey of FSWs in Windhoek and Katima Mulilo, Namibia, to demonstrate the RadR method. Information from venue mapping and enumeration from the survey formative assessment phase were combined with survey-based venue-inquiry questions to estimate population size, adjusting for double counting, and FSWs who do not attend venues. RadR estimates were compared with the official population size estimates, published by the Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), and with the unadjusted RTM. RESULTS Using the RadR method, we estimated 1552 (95% simulation interval, SI, 1101-2387) FSWs in Windhoek and 453 (95% SI: 336-656) FSWs in Katima Mulilo. These estimates were slightly more conservative than the MoHSS estimates—Windhoek: 3000 (1800-3400); Katima Mulilo: 800 (380-2000)—though not statistically different. We also found 75 additional venues in Windhoek and 59 additional venues in Katima Mulilo identified by RDS participants’ responses that were not detected during the initial mapping exercise. CONCLUSIONS The RadR estimates were comparable with official estimates from the MoHSS. The RadR method is easily integrated into RDS studies, producing plausible population size estimates, and can also validate and update key population maps for outreach and venue-based sampling.

scholarly journals Population Size Estimation of Venue-Based Female Sex Workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Capture-Recapture Exercise

10.2196/10906 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e10906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giang Le ◽  
Nghia Khuu ◽  
Van Thi Thu Tieu ◽  
Phuc Duy Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Thi Yen Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Capture Recapture

shinyrecap: A Shiny Application for Population Size Estimation from Capture-Recapture Data (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne F. McIntyre ◽  
Ian E. Fellows ◽  
Steve Gutreuter ◽  
Wolfgang Hladik
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Population Size Estimation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Capture Recapture

BACKGROUND Capture-recapture is often used to estimate the size of populations at risk for HIV, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. These population size estimates are critical in determining resource allocation for HIV services geared toward these communities. OBJECTIVE Compared to the commonly used two-source capture-recapture, capture-recapture relying on three (or more) samples can provide more robust PSE but involve far more complex statistical analysis. shinyrecap is designed to provide a user-friendly interface for the field epidemiologist. METHODS shinyrecap is built on the Shiny web application framework for R. This allows it to seamlessly integrate with the sophisticated CRC statistical packages. Additionally, the application may be accessed online or run locally on the user’s machine. RESULTS The application enables users to engage in sample size calculation based on a simulation framework. It assists in the proper formatting of collected data by providing a tool to convert commonly used formats to that used by analysis software. A wide variety of methodologies are supported by the analysis tool, including log-linear, Bayesian model averaging, and Bayesian latent class models. For each methodology, diagnostics and model checking interfaces are provided. CONCLUSIONS Through a use case, we demonstrate the broad utility of this powerful tool with three-source capture-recapture data to produce population size estimation for female sex workers in a subnational unit of a country in sub-Saharan Africa.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviour of female sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Bruce ◽  
Ludwina Bauai ◽  
William Yeka ◽  
Mathias Sapuri ◽  
Louise Keogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Port Moresby
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