scholarly journals Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pietilä ◽  
Elina Helander ◽  
Ilkka Korhonen ◽  
Tero Myllymäki ◽  
Urho M Kujala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Alcohol

Background Sleep is fundamental for good health, and poor sleep has been associated with negative health outcomes. Alcohol consumption is a universal health behavior associated with poor sleep. In controlled laboratory studies, alcohol intake has been shown to alter physiology and disturb sleep homeostasis and architecture. The association between acute alcohol intake and physiological changes has not yet been studied in noncontrolled real-world settings. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effects of alcohol intake on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep in a large noncontrolled sample of Finnish employees. Methods From a larger cohort, this study included 4098 subjects (55.81%, 2287/4098 females; mean age 45.1 years) who had continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recordings of good quality for at least 1 day with and for at least 1 day without alcohol intake. The participants underwent continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recording during their normal everyday life and self-reported their alcohol intake as doses for each day. Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and HRV-derived indices of physiological state from the first 3 hours of sleep were used as outcomes. Within-subject analyses were conducted in a repeated measures manner by studying the differences in the outcomes between each participant’s days with and without alcohol intake. For repeated measures two-way analysis of variance, the participants were divided into three groups: low (≤0.25 g/kg), moderate (>0.25-0.75 g/kg), and high (>0.75 g/kg) intake of pure alcohol. Moreover, linear models studied the differences in outcomes with respect to the amount of alcohol intake and the participant’s background parameters (age; gender; body mass index, BMI; physical activity, PA; and baseline sleep HR). Results Alcohol intake was dose-dependently associated with increased sympathetic regulation, decreased parasympathetic regulation, and insufficient recovery. In addition to moderate and high alcohol doses, the intraindividual effects of alcohol intake on the ANS regulation were observed also with low alcohol intake (all P<.001). For example, HRV-derived physiological recovery state decreased on average by 9.3, 24.0, and 39.2 percentage units with low, moderate, and high alcohol intake, respectively. The effects of alcohol in suppressing recovery were similar for both genders and for physically active and sedentary subjects but stronger among young than older subjects and for participants with lower baseline sleep HR than with higher baseline sleep HR. Conclusions Alcohol intake disturbs cardiovascular relaxation during sleep in a dose-dependent manner in both genders. Regular PA or young age do not protect from these effects of alcohol. In health promotion, wearable HR monitoring and HRV-based analysis of recovery might be used to demonstrate the effects of alcohol on sleep on an individual level.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Alcohol Intake on Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation During the First Hours of Sleep in a Large Real-World Sample of Finnish Employees: Observational Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pietilä ◽  
Elina Helander ◽  
Ilkka Korhonen ◽  
Tero Myllymäki ◽  
Urho M Kujala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Alcohol

BACKGROUND Sleep is fundamental for good health, and poor sleep has been associated with negative health outcomes. Alcohol consumption is a universal health behavior associated with poor sleep. In controlled laboratory studies, alcohol intake has been shown to alter physiology and disturb sleep homeostasis and architecture. The association between acute alcohol intake and physiological changes has not yet been studied in noncontrolled real-world settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of alcohol intake on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during sleep in a large noncontrolled sample of Finnish employees. METHODS From a larger cohort, this study included 4098 subjects (55.81%, 2287/4098 females; mean age 45.1 years) who had continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recordings of good quality for at least 1 day with and for at least 1 day without alcohol intake. The participants underwent continuous beat-to-beat R-R interval recording during their normal everyday life and self-reported their alcohol intake as doses for each day. Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and HRV-derived indices of physiological state from the first 3 hours of sleep were used as outcomes. Within-subject analyses were conducted in a repeated measures manner by studying the differences in the outcomes between each participant’s days with and without alcohol intake. For repeated measures two-way analysis of variance, the participants were divided into three groups: low (≤0.25 g/kg), moderate (>0.25-0.75 g/kg), and high (>0.75 g/kg) intake of pure alcohol. Moreover, linear models studied the differences in outcomes with respect to the amount of alcohol intake and the participant’s background parameters (age; gender; body mass index, BMI; physical activity, PA; and baseline sleep HR). RESULTS Alcohol intake was dose-dependently associated with increased sympathetic regulation, decreased parasympathetic regulation, and insufficient recovery. In addition to moderate and high alcohol doses, the intraindividual effects of alcohol intake on the ANS regulation were observed also with low alcohol intake (all P<.001). For example, HRV-derived physiological recovery state decreased on average by 9.3, 24.0, and 39.2 percentage units with low, moderate, and high alcohol intake, respectively. The effects of alcohol in suppressing recovery were similar for both genders and for physically active and sedentary subjects but stronger among young than older subjects and for participants with lower baseline sleep HR than with higher baseline sleep HR. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake disturbs cardiovascular relaxation during sleep in a dose-dependent manner in both genders. Regular PA or young age do not protect from these effects of alcohol. In health promotion, wearable HR monitoring and HRV-based analysis of recovery might be used to demonstrate the effects of alcohol on sleep on an individual level.

scholarly journals Generalized Mixed Modeling in Massive Electronic Health Record Databases: What is a Healthy Serum Potassium?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian G. Bologa ◽  
Vernon Shane Pankratz ◽  
Mark L Unruh ◽  
Maria Eleni Roumelioti ◽  
Vallabh Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Real World ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Electronic Health

Abstract Background: Converting electronic health record (EHR) entries to useful clinical inferences requires one to address the poor scalability of existing implementations of Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) for repeated measures. The major computational bottleneck concerns the numerical evaluation of multivariable integrals, which even for the simplest EHR analyses may involve millions of dimensions (one for each patient). The hierarchical likelihood (h-lik) approach to GLMMs is a methodologically rigorous framework for the estimation of GLMMs that is based on the Laplace Approximation (LA), which replaces integration with numerical optimization, and thus scales very well with dimensionality. Methods: We present a high-performance implementation of the h-lik for GLMMs in the R package TMB. Using this approach, we examined the relation of repeated serum potassium measurements and survival in the Cerner Real World Data (CRWD) EHR database. Analyzing this data requires the evaluation of an integral in over 3 million dimensions, putting this problem beyond the reach of conventional approaches. We also assessed the scalability and accuracy of LA in smaller samples of 1 and 10% size of the full dataset that were analyzed via the a) original, interconnected Generalized Linear Models (iGLM), approach to h-lik, b) Adaptive Gaussian Hermite (AGH) and c) the gold standard of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for multivariate integration. Results: Random effects estimates generated by the LA were within 10% of the values obtained by the iGLMs, AGH and MCMC techniques. The H-lik approach was 4-30 times faster than AGH and nearly 800 times faster than MCMC. The major clinical inferences in this problem are the establishment of the non-linear relationship between the potassium level and the risk of mortality, as well as estimates of the individual and health care facility sources of variations for mortality risk in CRWD. Conclusions: We found that the combination of the LA and AD offers a computationally efficient, numerically accurate approach for the analysis of extremely large, real world repeated measures data via the h-lik approach to GLMMs. The clinical inference from our analysis may guide choices of threatment thresholds for treating potassium disorders in the clinic.

Exercise slightly above the maximal lactate steady state reduces self-efficacy and increases negative affect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Graeme Wrightson ◽  
Louis Passfield
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State

Objectives: To examine the effect of exercise at and slightly above the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) on self-efficacy, affect and effort, and their associations with exercise tolerance.Design: Counterbalanced, repeated measures designMethod: Participants performed two 30‐minute constant‐load cycling exercise at a power output equal to that at MLSS and 10 W above MLSS, immediately followed by a time‐to‐exhaustion test at 80% of their peak power output. Self-efficacy, affect and effort were measured before and after 30 minutes of cycling at and above MLSS.Results: Negative affect and effort higher, and self-efficacy and time to exhaustion were reduced, following cycling at MLSS + 10 W compared to cycling at the MLSS. Following exercise at the MLSS self-efficacy, affect and effort were all associated with subsequent time-to exhaustion. However, following exercise at MLSS + 10 W, only affect was associated with time-to exhaustion. Conclusions: Self efficacy, affect and effort are profoundly affected by physiological state, highlighting the influence of somatic states on perceptions and emotions during exercise. The affective response to exercise appears to be associated with exercise tolerance, indicating that the emotional, as well as physiological, responses should be considered when prescribing exercise training.

Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

scholarly journals Moxifloxacin Activates the SOS Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Angelo Iacobino ◽  
Giovanni Piccaro ◽  
Manuela Pardini ◽  
Lanfranco Fattorini ◽  
Federico Giannoni
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Sos Response ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Previous studies on Escherichia coli demonstrated that sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluoroquinolones induced the SOS response, increasing drug tolerance. We characterized the transcriptional response to moxifloxacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reference strain H37Rv was treated with moxifloxacin and gene expression studied by qRT-PCR. Five SOS regulon genes, recA, lexA, dnaE2, Rv3074 and Rv3776, were induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A range of moxifloxacin concentrations induced recA, with a peak observed at 2 × MIC (0.25 μg/mL) after 16 h. Another seven SOS responses and three DNA repair genes were significantly induced by moxifloxacin. Induction of recA by moxifloxacin was higher in log-phase than in early- and stationary-phase cells, and absent in dormant bacilli. Furthermore, in an H37Rv fluoroquinolone-resistant mutant carrying the D94G mutation in the gyrA gene, the SOS response was induced at drug concentrations higher than the mutant MIC value. The 2 × MIC of moxifloxacin determined no significant changes in gene expression in a panel of 32 genes, except for up-regulation of the relK toxin and of Rv3290c and Rv2517c, two persistence-related genes. Overall, our data show that activation of the SOS response by moxifloxacin, a likely link to increased mutation rate and persister formation, is time, dose, physiological state and, possibly, MIC dependent.

scholarly journals Factors associated to functioning and health in relation to home rehabilitation in Sweden: a non-randomized pre-post intervention study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Johansson ◽  
Marie Ernsth Bravell ◽  
Eleonor I. Fransson ◽  
Sofi Fristedt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background Home rehabilitation is a growing rehabilitation service in many countries, but scientific knowledge of its components and outcomes is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate; 1) which changes in functioning and self-rated health could be identified in relation to a home rehabilitation program in a population of community-dwelling citizens, and 2) how socio-demographic factors, health conditions and home rehabilitation interventions were associated to change in functioning and self-rated health after the home rehabilitation program. Method The sample consisted of participants in a municipal home rehabilitation project in Sweden and consisted of 165 community-dwelling citizens. General Linear Models (ANOVA repeated measures) was used for identifying changes in rehabilitation outcomes. Logistic regressions analysis was used to investigate associations between rehabilitation outcomes and potential factors associated to outcome. Result Overall improvements in functioning and self-rated health were found after the home rehabilitation program. Higher frequencies of training sessions with occupational therapists, length of home rehabilitation, and orthopaedic conditions of upper extremities and spine as the main health condition, were associated with rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusion The result indicates that the duration of home rehabilitation interventions and intensity of occupational therapy, as well as the main medical condition may have an impact on the outcomes of home rehabilitation and needs to be considered when planning such programs. However, more research is needed to guide practice and policymaking.

246 Examining Melatonin-induced Changes in Uterine Blood Flow and Vaginal Temperatures in Nutrient Restricted Pregnant Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Zully E Contreras-Correa ◽  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Hector Sanchez-Rodriguez ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract The objectives were to examine melatonin mediated changes in temporal uterine blood flow (UBF) and vaginal temperatures (VT) in 54 Brangus heifers (Fall, n = 29; Summer, n = 25) during compromised pregnancy. At d160 of gestation, heifers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups consisting of adequately fed (ADQ-CON; 100% NRC; n=13), global nutrient restricted (RES-CON; 60% NRC; n = 13), and ADQ or RES supplemented with 20 mg of melatonin (ADQ-MEL, n = 13; RES-MEL, n = 15). In the morning (0500h) and afternoon (1300h) of d220 of gestation, temperature dataloggers (Onset Computer Corporation) attached to progesterone-free CIDRs were used to record VT, while UBF was determined via Doppler ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA (SAS). Significant differences were found in UBF and VT between Fall and Summer groups (P&lt; 0.05), therefore seasons were individually analyzed. In Fall, a nutrition by treatment interaction was significant, where the RES-CON heifers exhibited reduced total UBF compared to ADQ-CON (5.67±0.68 vs. 7.97±0.54 L/min; P = 0.012). In Summer, there was not a main effect of nutrition (P = 0.390); nevertheless, the MEL heifers exhibited increased total UBF compared to the CON counterparts (8.16±0.73 vs. 6.00±0.70 L/min; P = 0.048). Moreover, there was a nutrition by treatment by time interaction in VT for Fall and Summer heifers (P &lt; 0.0001). In Fall, all groups had decreased VT in the morning compared to the afternoon (P &lt; 0.0001). Whereas, in Summer, VT increased for ADQ-CON, RES-CON, and ADQ-MEL from morning to afternoon (P &lt; 0.0001), while the RES-MEL remained constant throughout the day (P = 0.649). Furthermore, during the afternoon RES-MEL heifers exhibited decreased VT compared to ADQ-CON (38.91±0.09 vs. 39.26±0.09°C, respectively; P=0.039). In summary, nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation altered UBF in a season dependent manner. Additionally, with the VT differences observed in Summer, future studies should evaluate the potential of melatonin supplementation for mitigating heat stress in farm animals.

scholarly journals Estimating Bayes factors from minimal summary statistics in repeated measures analysis of variance designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Faulkenberry
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

In this paper, I develop a formula for estimating Bayes factors directly from minimal summary statistics produced in repeated measures analysis of variance designs. The formula, which requires knowing only the F-statistic, the number of subjects, and the number of repeated measurements per subject, is based on the BIC approximation of the Bayes factor, a common default method for Bayesian computation with linear models. In addition to providing computational examples, I report a simulation study in which I demonstrate that the formula compares favorably to a recently developed, more complex method that accounts for correlation between repeated measurements. The minimal BIC method provides a simple way for researchers to estimate Bayes factors from a minimal set of summary statistics, giving users a powerful index for estimating the evidential value of not only their own data, but also the data reported in published studies.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Activation with Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance on Throwing Velocity in Female Handball Players: A Methodological Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Darío Martínez-García ◽  
Ángela Rodríguez-Perea ◽  
Álvaro Huerta-Ojeda ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
Daniel Aguilar-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Variable Resistance ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of pre-activation with Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance and isometry on the overhead throwing velocity in handball players. Fourteen female handball players took part in the study (age: 21.2 ± 2.7 years, experience: 10.9 ± 3.5 years). For Post-Activation Potentiation, two pre-activation methods were used: (I) Variable Intra-Repetition Resistance: 1 x 5 maximum repetitions at an initial velocity of 0.6 m·s-1 and a final velocity of 0.9 m·s-1; (II) Isometry: 1 x 5 s of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Both methods were "standing unilateral bench presses" with the dominant arm, using a functional electromechanical dynamometer. The variable analysed was the mean of the three overhead throws. Ball velocity was measured with a radar (Stalker ATS). The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with repeated measures. No significant differences were found for either method (variable resistance intra-repetition: p = 0.194, isometry: p = 0.596). Regarding the individual responses, the analysis showed that 86% of the sample increased throwing velocity with the variable resistance intra-repetition method, while 93% of the sample increased throwing velocity with the isometric method. Both the variable intra-repetition resistance and isometric methods show improvements in ball velocity in female handball players. However, the authors recommend checking individual responses, since the results obtained were influenced by the short rest interval between the pre-activation and the experimental sets.

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