scholarly journals Authors' Reply to: And Justice For All? There Is More To Interoperability of Contact Tracing Apps Than Legal Barriers. Comment on “COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Technologic Tower of Babel and the Gap for International Pandemic Control” (Preprint)

10.2196/26630 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Vera Lúcia Raposo ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Legal Barriers

scholarly journals COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Technologic Tower of Babel and the Gap for International Pandemic Control

10.2196/23194 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e23194
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Vera Lúcia Raposo ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Barriers ◽  
National Borders

As the world struggles with the new COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps of various types have been adopted in many jurisdictions for combating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, even if they are successful in containing the virus within national borders, these apps are becoming ineffective as international travel is gradually resumed. The problem rests in the plurality of apps and their inability to operate in a synchronized manner, as well as the absence of an international entity with the power to coordinate and analyze the information collected by the disparate apps. The risk of creating a useless Tower of Babel of COVID-19 contact tracing apps is very real, endangering global health. This paper analyzes legal barriers for realizing the interoperability of contact tracing apps and emphasizes the need for developing coordinated solutions to promote safe international travel and global pandemic control.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Technologic Tower of Babel and the Gap for International Pandemic Control (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Vera Lúcia Raposo ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Barriers ◽  
National Borders

UNSTRUCTURED As the world struggles with the new COVID-19 pandemic, contact tracing apps of various types have been adopted in many jurisdictions for combating the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, even if they are successful in containing the virus within national borders, these apps are becoming ineffective as international travel is gradually resumed. The problem rests in the plurality of apps and their inability to operate in a synchronized manner, as well as the absence of an international entity with the power to coordinate and analyze the information collected by the disparate apps. The risk of creating a useless Tower of Babel of COVID-19 contact tracing apps is very real, endangering global health. This paper analyzes legal barriers for realizing the interoperability of contact tracing apps and emphasizes the need for developing coordinated solutions to promote safe international travel and global pandemic control.

scholarly journals Justice for all also means special duties for special risks (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Du ◽  
Vera Lúcia Raposo ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Special Duties

UNSTRUCTURED In this letter, we made a response to Crutzen’s comment on our recent publication in JMU. Our article was an analysis of the technologic Tower of Babel that analysed the global functioning and interaction of contract tracing apps for COVID-19. In general, we are concerned with both legal and ethical disconformity between different apps, while Cruzten focuses primarily on ethical concerns and the protection of human rights. In a sense, the two papers appear complementary, rather than in conflict with each other. However, we do not agree with Crutzen’s assertion that making a contact tracing app mandatory for international travellers is totally unacceptable. We argued that justice for all also means special duties for special risks. Indeed, a contact tracing app, which is mandatory for international travellers, is a threat to fundamental rights. However, in light of the delicate balance between public health and individual rights and freedoms, we believe this measure is fully acceptable, especially based on an assessment of necessity, proportionality, and adequacy.

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

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