scholarly journals Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and, mental health determinants of 24-hour motor activity patterns: an Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/20700 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Difrancesco ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Health Determinants

scholarly journals Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and, mental health determinants of 24-hour motor activity patterns (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Difrancesco ◽  
Harriëtte Riese ◽  
Kathleen R. Merikangas ◽  
Haochang Shou ◽  
Vadim Zipunnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Severity Of Depression

BACKGROUND Analysing actigraphy data using standard circadian parametric models and aggregated nonparametric indices may obscure temporal information that may be a hallmark of the circadian impairment in psychiatric disorders. Functional data analysis (FDA) may overcome such limitations by fully exploiting the richness of actigraphy data and revealing important relationships with mental health outcomes. To our knowledge, no studies have extensively used FDA to study the relationship between sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics and daily motor activity patterns assessed with actigraphy in a sample of individuals with and without depression/anxiety. OBJECTIVE We study the association of daily motor activity patterns assessed via actigraphy with (1) sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors; (2) psychiatric clinical characteristics (i.e., presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders). METHODS 14-day continuous actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n=93), remitted (n=176) or no (n=90) DSM-IV based depression/anxiety diagnosis was obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The associations of patterns of daily motor activity, quantified via Functional Principal Component analysis (fPCA), and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle and, sampling factors and psychiatric clinical characteristics, were assessed using Generalized Estimating Equation regressions. For exploratory purpose, function-on-Scalar Regression (FoSR) was applied to quantify the temporal impact of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle, sampling and psychiatric clinical characteristics on daily motor activity. RESULTS Four features of daily activity patterns captured the overall daily activity level (fPCA1, 34.3% variability), earlier versus later morning activity (fPCA2, 16.5% variability), biphasic versus monophasic activity (fPCA3, 14.8% variability), earlier versus later biphasic activity (fPCA4, 11.8% variability). Low overall daily activity level was associated with several sociodemographic, lifestyle, sampling and psychopathology variables (P<0.05): older age, higher education level, higher BMI, higher number of chronic diseases, higher number of cigarettes per day, non-working/school days, winter season, having current depressive/anxiety disorders, higher depressive symptom severity. Earlier morning activity was associated with older age, having a partner, work/school days, autumn and spring (ref. winter) (P<0.05). Monophasic activity was associated with older age (P<0.01). Biphasic activity was associated with work/school days, summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). Earlier biphasic activity was associated with older age, work/school days, spring and summer (ref. winter) (P<0.01). In FoSR analyses, age, working and season were the main determinants having an impact on time of daily motor activity (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Features of daily motor activity extracted with fPCA reflect commonly studied factors such as the intensity of daily activity and preference for morningness/eveningness. Presence and severity of depression/anxiety disorders was found to mainly impact on overall lower activity pattern but not on time of activity. Age, working and season were most strongly associated with patterns and time of activity; future epidemiological studies on motor activity in depression/anxiety may take these into account.

scholarly journals Physical Inactivity in Older Adult Couples: A Dyadic Analysis Using Continuous In-Home Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Chao-Yi Wu ◽  
Lyndsey Miller ◽  
Rachel Wall ◽  
Zachary Beattie ◽  
Jeffrey Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Aging Research

Abstract Many older adults remain inactive despite the known positive health implications of physical activity (e.g. improved mood, reduced mortality risk). Physical inactivity is a known interdependent phenomenon in couples, but the majority of research identifies determinants of physical inactivity at the individual level. We estimated the average amount of physical inactivity for older adult couples and, using dyadic analysis, identified physical and mental health determinants thereof. Forty-eight heterosexual older adult couples (mean age=70.6, SD=6.63) from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 cohort of the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative were included in this study. Both dyad members wore actigraph devices for a month. The average number per day of inactive periods (defined as no movement or sleep activity for ≥ 30 minutes) was estimated. Multilevel modeling revealed that, within couples, there was no difference between partners in the average number of inactive periods, but on average across couples, males had more inactive periods per day (13.4, SD=4.43) than females (12.3, SD=4.87). For males, older age was the only variable associated with more inactive periods (β=0.13, p=.013). For females, more depressive symptoms in men were associated with fewer inactive periods (β=-0.37, p=.002), and more dependence in completing their own IADLs predicted more inactive periods (β=2.80, p&lt;.001). All models were adjusted for covariates. Viewing couples’ activity as a unit, rather than as separate individuals, provides a novel approach to identifying pathways to reduce inactivity in older adults, especially when focusing on mental health issues and decreased independence within the couple.

scholarly journals A Risk Exchange: Health and Mobility in the Context of Climate and Environmental Change in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2629
Author(s):  
Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle ◽  
Kate Baernighausen ◽  
Sayeda Karim ◽  
Tauheed Syed Raihan ◽  
Samiya Selim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Healthcare Environment

Background: Climate change influences patterns of human mobility and health outcomes. While much of the climate change and migration discourse is invested in quantitative predictions and debates about whether migration is adaptive or maladaptive, less attention has been paid to the voices of the people moving in the context of climate change with a focus on their health and wellbeing. This qualitative research aims to amplify the voices of migrants themselves to add nuance to dominant migration narratives and to shed light on the real-life challenges migrants face in meeting their health needs in the context of climate change. Methods: We conducted 58 semi-structured in-depth interviews with migrants purposefully selected for having moved from rural Bhola, southern Bangladesh to an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis under the philosophical underpinnings of phenomenology. Coding was conducted using NVivo Pro 12. Findings: We identified two overarching themes in the thematic analysis: Firstly, we identified the theme “A risk exchange: Exchanging climate change and health risks at origin and destination”. Rather than describing a “net positive” or “net negative” outcome in terms of migration in the context of climate change, migrants described an exchange of hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities at origin with those at destination, which challenged their capacity to adapt. This theme included several sub-themes—income and employment factors, changing food environment, shelter and water sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) conditions, and social capital. The second overarching theme was “A changing health and healthcare environment”. This theme also included several sub-themes—changing physical and mental health status and a changing healthcare environment encompassing quality of care and barriers to accessing healthcare. Migrants described physical and mental health concerns and connected these experiences with their new environment. These two overarching themes were prevalent across the dataset, although each participant experienced and expressed them uniquely. Conclusion: Migrants who move in the context of climate change face a range of diverse health risks at the origin, en route, and at the destination. Migrating individuals, households, and communities undertake a risk exchange when they decide to move, which has diverse positive and negative consequences for their health and wellbeing. Along with changing health determinants is a changing healthcare environment where migrants face different choices, barriers, and quality of care. A more migrant-centric perspective as described in this paper could strengthen migration, climate, and health governance. Policymakers, urban planners, city corporations, and health practitioners should integrate the risk exchange into practice and policies.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of 24-h Motor Activity Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis: Pre-Planned Follow-Up at 2 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-376
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tonetti ◽  
Federico Camilli ◽  
Sara Giovagnoli ◽  
Vincenzo Natale ◽  
Alessandra Lugaresi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Activity Prognosis

Early multiple sclerosis (MS) predictive markers of disease activity/prognosis have been proposed but are not universally accepted. Aim of this pilot prospective study is to verify whether a peculiar hyperactivity, observed at baseline (T0) in early relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients, could represent a further prognostic marker. Here we report results collected at T0 and at a 24-month follow-up (T1). Eighteen RRMS patients (11 females, median Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS score 1.25, range EDSS score 0–2) were monitored at T0 (mean age 32.33 ± 7.51) and T1 (median EDSS score 1.5, range EDSS score 0–2.5). Patients were grouped into two groups: responders (R, 14 patients) and non-responders (NR, 4 patients) to treatment at T1. Each patient wore an actigraph for one week to record the 24-h motor activity pattern. At T0, NR presented significantly lower motor activity than R between around 9:00 and 13:00. At T1, NR were characterized by significantly lower motor activity than R between around 12:00 and 17:00. Overall, these data suggest that through the 24-h motor activity pattern, we can fairly segregate at T0 patients who will show a therapeutic failure, possibly related to a more active disease, at T1. These patients are characterized by a reduced morning level of motor activation. Further studies on larger populations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Lifestyle Modification Improves Physical and Mental Health in Elderly Participants: Observational Study in a Controlled Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gary Null ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Preventative Strategy

A 60-day observational study was conducted to evaluate how lifestyle modification principles relying upon a customized regimen of aerobic and muscle strength exercise, a plant-based diet and meditative stress reduction techniques may improve physical endurance and strength, mental health, and reverse normal aging associated with the average American lifestyle. All enrolled participants were generally in good health respective to their age. Several subjects had overlapping mild medical conditions. The results demonstrate that the intervention of a customized lifestyle modification regimen of regular daily exercise, a plant-based diet, and daily stress reduction practices, such as meditation and yoga, may provide a viable and beneficial preventative strategy as an anti-aging and wellness model to increase the physical and mental health of elderly men and women.

Understanding the Users with Chronic Pain on AI CBT Mental Health App (Wysa): A Mixed-Methods Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Meheli ◽  
Chaitali Sinha ◽  
Madhura Kabada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Perceived Needs

BACKGROUND Digital health interventions can bridge barriers in access to treatment of care for individuals with chronic pain. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the perceived needs, engagement and the effectiveness of the mental health app Wysa on mental health outcomes among real-world users who reported chronic pain and engaged with the app for support. METHODS Real-world data from users (N = 2,194) who reported chronic pain and associated health conditions in their conversations with a mental health app was analyzed using a mixed-method retrospective observational study. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse conversational data of users with chronic pain to assess perceived needs, along with comparative macro-analyses of conversational flows to capture engagement within the app. Additionally, the scores from a subset of users who completed a set of pre-post assessment questionnaires, namely PHQ-9 (N=69) and GAD-7 (N=57), were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of Wysa in providing support for mental health concerns for those managing chronic pain. RESULTS The themes emerging from the conversations of users with chronic pain included Health Concerns, Socioeconomic Concerns, and Pain Management Concerns. Findings from the quantitative analysis indicated that users with chronic pain showed significantly greater app engagement (p value <2.2e-16) than users without chronic pain, with a large effect size (Vargha and Delaney’s A- 0.76 -0.8). Furthermore, the sample of users with pre-post assessments during the study period were found to have significant improvements in group means on both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 symptom scores, with medium effect size (Cohens’d, 0.6-0.61), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that users look for tools that can help them address their concerns related to mental health, pain management, and sleep issues. The study findings also indicate the breadth of needs for users with chronic pain and the lack of support structures, and suggests that Wysa can provide effective support to bridge the gap.

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