scholarly journals Quantification of Smoking Characteristics Using Smartwatch Technology: Pilot Feasibility Study of New Technology

10.2196/20464 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e20464
Author(s):  
Casey Anne Cole ◽  
Shannon Powers ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Brett Froeliger ◽  
Homayoun Valafar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study ◽  
Viable Method

Background While there have been many technological advances in studying the neurobiological and clinical basis of tobacco use disorder and nicotine addiction, there have been relatively minor advances in technologies for monitoring, characterizing, and intervening to prevent smoking in real time. Better understanding of real-time smoking behavior can be helpful in numerous applications without the burden and recall bias associated with self-report. Objective The goal of this study was to test the validity of using a smartwatch to advance the study of temporal patterns and characteristics of smoking in a controlled laboratory setting prior to its implementation in situ. Specifically, the aim was to compare smoking characteristics recorded by Automated Smoking PerceptIon and REcording (ASPIRE) on a smartwatch with the pocket Clinical Research Support System (CReSS) topography device, using video observation as the gold standard. Methods Adult smokers (N=27) engaged in a video-recorded laboratory smoking task using the pocket CReSS while also wearing a Polar M600 smartwatch. In-house software, ASPIRE, was used to record accelerometer data to identify the duration of puffs and interpuff intervals (IPIs). The recorded sessions from CReSS and ASPIRE were manually annotated to assess smoking topography. Agreement between CReSS-recorded and ASPIRE-recorded smoking behavior was compared. Results ASPIRE produced more consistent number of puffs and IPI durations relative to CReSS, when comparing both methods to visual puff count. In addition, CReSS recordings reported many implausible measurements in the order of milliseconds. After filtering implausible data recorded from CReSS, ASPIRE and CReSS produced consistent results for puff duration (R2=.79) and IPIs (R2=.73). Conclusions Agreement between ASPIRE and other indicators of smoking characteristics was high, suggesting that the use of ASPIRE is a viable method of passively characterizing smoking behavior. Moreover, ASPIRE was more accurate than CReSS for measuring puffs and IPIs. Results from this study provide the foundation for future utilization of ASPIRE to passively and accurately monitor and quantify smoking behavior in situ.

scholarly journals Quantitation of Smoking Topography using Smartwatch Technology: A Feasibility Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Anne Cole ◽  
Shannon Powers ◽  
Rachel L Tomko ◽  
Brett Froeliger ◽  
Homayoun Valafar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Viable Method

BACKGROUND While there have been many technological advances in studying the neurobiological and clinical basis of tobacco use disorder and nicotine addiction, there have been relatively minor advances in technologies for monitoring, characterizing, and intervening to prevent smoking in real-time. Better understanding of real time smoking behavior can be helpful in numerous applications, including initiation of just-in-time interventions, without the burden and recall bias associated with self-report. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to test the validity of using a smartwatch to advance the study of temporal patterns and topographies of smoking in the controlled laboratory setting prior to its implementation in situ. Specifically, the aim is to compare smoking topography recorded by Automated Smoking PerceptIon and REcording (ASPIRE) on Smartwatch with the CReSS Pocket topography device, using video observation as the gold standard. METHODS Adult smokers (N=27) engaged in a video-recorded laboratory smoking task by using pocket CReSS while also wearing a Polar M600 smartwatch. An in-house software, ASPIRE, was used to record accelerometer data to identify the duration of puffs and inter-puff intervals (IPI). The recorded sessions from CReSS and ASPIRE were manually annotated to assess smoking topography. Agreement between CReSS-recorded and ASPIRE-recorded smoking behavior was compared and contrasted. RESULTS ASPIRE produced more consistent number of puffs and IPI durations relative to CReSS, when comparing both methods to visual puff count. In addition, CReSS recordings reported many implausible measurements such as puff duration and IPIs in the order of milliseconds. After filtering implausible data recorded from CReSS, ASPIRE and CReSS produced consistent results for puff duration (R2 = .79) and IPIs (R2 = .73). CONCLUSIONS Agreement between ASPIRE and other indicators of smoking topography was high, suggesting that the use of ASPIRE is a viable method of passively characterizing smoking behavior. Moreover, ASPIRE was more accurate than CReSS for measuring puffs and IPIs. Results from this study provide the foundation for future utilization testing of ASPIRE to passively and accurately monitor and quantify smoking behavior in situ.

Braille Telecaptioning: Making Real-Time Television Accessible to Deaf-Blind Consumers

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Biederman-Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Closed Captioning ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dual Sensory Loss ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Loss Of Hearing

The dual sensory loss of hearing and sight results in the most isolating of handicapping conditions. Technological advances to meet this challenge have come from both the blindness and deafness fields. Provision of information in the form of paper braille slows information flow because of length of preparation time. Access to weather or daily news, for example, has required the ability to hear the broadcast. Closed-captioning for the hearing impaired population has converted sound to print within four to six seconds after the audio signal is transmitted, but the system requires that the broadcast be seen. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has been awarded a grant from the U.S. Department of Education to develop and test a prototype device to make closed-captioned television available to deaf-blind people The Braille TeleCaption System, with an output available in braille and large print, is being tested at the Helen Keller National Center. Existing and new technology makes real-time viewing of news, weather, and entertainment accessible to deaf-blind persons.

Probing the Dynamic Self-Assembly Behaviour of Photoswitchable Wormlike Micelles in Real Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Kelly ◽  
Judith E. Houston ◽  
Rachel Evans
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Wormlike Micelles ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Processes

Understanding the dynamic self-assembly behaviour of azobenzene photosurfactants (AzoPS) is crucial to advance their use in controlled release applications such as<i></i>drug delivery and micellar catalysis. Currently, their behaviour in the equilibrium <i>cis-</i>and <i>trans</i>-photostationary states is more widely understood than during the photoisomerisation process itself. Here, we investigate the time-dependent self-assembly of the different photoisomers of a model neutral AzoPS, <a>tetraethylene glycol mono(4′,4-octyloxy,octyl-azobenzene) </a>(C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>) using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We show that the incorporation of <i>in-situ</i>UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy with SANS allows the scattering profile, and hence micelle shape, to be correlated with the extent of photoisomerisation in real-time. It was observed that C<sub>8</sub>AzoOC<sub>8</sub>E<sub>4</sub>could switch between wormlike micelles (<i>trans</i>native state) and fractal aggregates (under UV light), with changes in the self-assembled structure arising concurrently with changes in the absorption spectrum. Wormlike micelles could be recovered within 60 seconds of blue light illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the degree of AzoPS photoisomerisation has been tracked <i>in</i><i>-situ</i>through combined UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy-SANS measurements. This technique could be widely used to gain mechanistic and kinetic insights into light-dependent processes that are reliant on self-assembly.

Flat Flexible Thin Milli-electrode Array for Real-time in situ Water Quality Monitoring in Distribution Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 5598-5617
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Xu ◽  
Wangchi Zhou ◽  
Qiuchen Dong ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Dingyi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring

Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete?: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Shareka Pentony ◽  
Dhruv Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances. Purpose This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results Across the 10 participants, 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.

scholarly journals Underground Microseismic Event Monitoring and Localization within Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Sili Wang ◽  
Mark P. Panning ◽  
Steven D. Vance ◽  
Wenzhan Song
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Microseismic Events ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Locating underground microseismic events is important for monitoring subsurface activity and understanding the planetary subsurface evolution. Due to bandwidth limitations, especially in applications involving planetarily-distributed sensor networks, networks should be designed to perform the localization algorithm in-situ, so that only the source location information needs to be sent out, not the raw data. In this paper, we propose a decentralized Gaussian beam time-reverse imaging (GB-TRI) algorithm that can be incorporated to the distributed sensors to detect and locate underground microseismic events with reduced usage of computational resources and communication bandwidth of the network. After the in-situ distributed computation, the final real-time location result is generated and delivered. We used a real-time simulation platform to test the performance of the system. We also evaluated the stability and accuracy of our proposed GB-TRI localization algorithm using extensive experiments and tests.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Platform for Near Real-Time Surveillance of Harmful Algae and Their Toxins in Dynamic Coastal Shelf Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Moore ◽  
John B. Mickett ◽  
Gregory J. Doucette ◽  
Nicolaus G. Adams ◽  
Christina M. Mikulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Coastal Trapped Waves ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
Autonomous Technology

Efforts to identify in situ the mechanisms underpinning the response of harmful algae to climate change demand frequent observations in dynamic and often difficult to access marine and freshwater environments. Increasingly, resource managers and researchers are looking to fill this data gap using unmanned systems. In this study we integrated the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) into an autonomous platform to provide near real-time surveillance of harmful algae and the toxin domoic acid on the Washington State continental shelf over a three-year period (2016–2018). The ESP mooring design accommodated the necessary subsystems to sustain ESP operations, supporting deployment durations of up to 7.5 weeks. The combination of ESP observations and a suite of contextual measurements from the ESP mooring and a nearby surface buoy permitted an investigation into toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom dynamics. Preliminary findings suggest a connection between bloom formation and nutrient availability that is modulated by wind-forced coastal-trapped waves. In addition, high concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and elevated levels of domoic acid observed at the ESP mooring location were not necessarily associated with the advection of water from known bloom initiation sites. Such insights, made possible by this autonomous technology, enable the formulation of testable hypotheses on climate-driven changes in HAB dynamics that can be investigated during future deployments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document