scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Literature Search: Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Hackathon Format

10.2196/16606 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e16606
Author(s):  
Dominik Schoeb ◽  
Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola ◽  
Simon Hein ◽  
Franz Friedrich Dressler ◽  
Fabian Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Topic ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
High Level

Background Mapping out the research landscape around a project is often time consuming and difficult. Objective This study evaluates a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) search engine (IRIS.AI) for its applicability in an automated literature search on a specific medical topic. Methods To evaluate the AI search engine in a standardized manner, the concept of a science hackathon was applied. Three groups of researchers were tasked with performing a literature search on a clearly defined scientific project. All participants had a high level of expertise for this specific field of research. Two groups were given access to the AI search engine IRIS.AI. All groups were given the same amount of time for their search and were instructed to document their results. Search results were summarized and ranked according to a predetermined scoring system. Results The final scoring awarded 49 and 39 points out of 60 to AI groups 1 and 2, respectively, and the control group received 46 points. A total of 20 scientific studies with high relevance were identified, and 5 highly relevant studies (“spot on”) were reported by each group. Conclusions AI technology is a promising approach to facilitate literature searches and the management of medical libraries. In this study, however, the application of AI technology lead to a more focused literature search without a significant improvement in the number of results.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Literature Search: Randomized Controlled Trial Using the Hackathon Format (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Schoeb ◽  
Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola ◽  
Simon Hein ◽  
Franz Friedrich Dressler ◽  
Fabian Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Topic ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Medical Libraries ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND Mapping out the research landscape around a project is often time consuming and difficult. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) search engine (IRIS.AI) for its applicability in an automated literature search on a specific medical topic. METHODS To evaluate the AI search engine in a standardized manner, the concept of a science hackathon was applied. Three groups of researchers were tasked with performing a literature search on a clearly defined scientific project. All participants had a high level of expertise for this specific field of research. Two groups were given access to the AI search engine IRIS.AI. All groups were given the same amount of time for their search and were instructed to document their results. Search results were summarized and ranked according to a predetermined scoring system. RESULTS The final scoring awarded 49 and 39 points out of 60 to AI groups 1 and 2, respectively, and the control group received 46 points. A total of 20 scientific studies with high relevance were identified, and 5 highly relevant studies (“spot on”) were reported by each group. CONCLUSIONS AI technology is a promising approach to facilitate literature searches and the management of medical libraries. In this study, however, the application of AI technology lead to a more focused literature search without a significant improvement in the number of results.

scholarly journals The effect of online multimedia psychoeducational interventions on the resilience and perceived stress of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Shaygan ◽  
Zahra Yazdani ◽  
Adib Valibeygi
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychoeducational Interventions

Abstract Background There is evidence suggesting that quarantine might have undesirable psychological impacts on the patients. Therefore, it is important to seek for ways to increase the resilience and alleviate the psychological pressure of the patients who are quarantined due to infection with COVID-19. The present study was conducted to assess an online multimedia psychoeducational intervention regarding the feasibility, adherence, patient satisfaction and effectiveness on resilience and perceived stress of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. Method This was a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial with hospital wards as the units of randomization. Participants in this fully online trial were 50 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in 2 hospitals in Shiraz, after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Before the beginning of the intervention, four inpatient wards inside two of the hospitals were randomly assigned to either intervention or control conditions. All eligible participants in the wards allocated to the intervention condition received online multimedia psychoeducational interventions during the 2 weeks, whilst the patients in the wards allocated to the control condition were offered the opportunity to receive telephone-based psychological counseling if needed. Psychoeducational interventions mainly included cognitive–behavioural techniques, stress management techniques, mindfulness-based stress reduction and positive psychotherapy. The patients were assessed regarding resilience and perceived stress at baseline and after two weeks. Results Of 27 patients starting multimedia psychoeducational interventions, 26 (96.29%) completed post-assessments. A high level of adherence (80.76%) and satisfaction (Mean = 29.42; SD = 4.18) with the online multimedia psychoeducational interventions was found. Compared with the control group, the patients who used online multimedia psychoeducational interventions reported greater resilience (Meanintervention = 81.74; Meancontrol = 72.86; adjusted t (46) = 2.10; p = 0.04; CI: 0.39 to 17.38; dppc2 = 0.83) and fewer perceived stress (Meanintervention = 22.15; Meancontrol = 29.45; adjusted t (46) = 2.66; p = 0.01; CI: − 12.81 to − 1.78; dppc2 = − 0.77) after 2 weeks. Discussion The findings of the present study provided a successful first attempt at implementing feasible online multimedia psychoeducational interventions to promote resilience and mitigate stress among the patients who were hospitalized due to infection with COVID-19. The present results could help mental health professionals to determine which psychological techniques should be emphasized to promote patients’ resilience in the context of COVID-19 disease. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20201001048893N1. Retrospectively registered, 29 Jan 2021.

scholarly journals The effect of online multimedia psychoeducational interventions on the resilience and perceived stress of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Shaygan ◽  
Zahra Yazdani ◽  
Adib Valibeigi
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychoeducational Interventions

Abstract Background: There is evidence suggesting that quarantine might have undesirable psychological impacts on the patients. Therefore, it is important to seek for ways to increase the resilience and alleviate the psychological pressure of the patients who are quarantined due to infection with COVID-19. The present study was conducted to assess an online multimedia psychoeducational intervention regarding the feasibility, adherence, patient satisfaction and effectiveness on resilience and perceived stress of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19.Method: This was a pilot cluster randomized parallel-controlled trial with hospital ward as the unit of randomization. Participants in this fully online trial were 50 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in 2 hospitals in Shiraz, after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Before the beginning of the intervention, four inpatient wards of the two hospitals were randomly assigned to either experimental or control conditions. All eligible participants in the wards allocated to the intervention condition received online multimedia psychoeducational interventions during 2 weeks, whilst the patients in the wards allocated to the control condition were offered the opportunity to receive telephone-based psychological counseling if needed. Psychoeducational interventions mainly included cognitive–behavioural techniques, stress management techniques, mindfulness-based stress reduction and positive psychotherapy. The patients were assessed regarding resilience and perceived stress at baseline and 2 weeks later. Results: Of 27 patients starting multimedia psychoeducational interventions, 26 (96.29%) completed post-assessments. A high level of adherence (80.76%) and satisfaction (Mean=29.42; SD=4.18) with the online multimedia psychoeducational interventions was found. Compared with the control group, the patients who used online multimedia psychoeducational interventions reported greater resilience (Meanintervention=81.74; Meancontrol=72.86; adjusted t (46)=2.10; p=0.04; CI: 0.39 to 17.38; dppc2=0.83) and fewer perceived stress (Meanintervention=22.15; Meancontrol=29.45; adjusted t (46)=2.66; p=0.01; CI: -12.81 to -1.78; dppc2= - 0.77) after 2 weeks. Discussion: The findings of the present study provided a successful first attempt at implementing feasible online multimedia psychoeducational interventions to promote resilience and mitigate stress among the patients who were hospitalized due to infection with COVID-19. The present results could help mental health professionals to determine which psychological techniques should be emphasized to promote patients' resilience in the context of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Nursing of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lingzhi Hong ◽  
Xufang Cheng ◽  
Deming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Experimental Group

The research achievements of artificial intelligence technology in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were explored, and the advantages and problems encountered in the development of intelligent nursing were analyzed. This paper presents the application of artificial intelligence in the emergency care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The method included 447 COPD patients in a randomized controlled trial to observe the improvement of quality of life at 4 and 12 months after artificial intelligence medical intervention. A prospective randomized controlled trial included 101 patients with COPD who underwent a 9-month web-based knowledge exercise on the prevention of acute exacerbation of COPD through artificial intelligence medicine and were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The results show that, in the experimental group and the control group, after 4 months, the quality of life does not change; after 12 months, compared with controls, the quality of life and emotional and psychological conditions have improved obviously. 29 patients who participated in the experiment and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group showed satisfactory results. COPD hospitalized rate and length of hospital stay were decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. For single-factor analysis, artificial intelligence medical intervention has not achieved significant significance, and the experimental results have preliminarily confirmed the effectiveness of artificial intelligence medical treatment.

scholarly journals An exploratory randomized controlled study on the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir or arbidol treating adult patients hospitalized with mild/moderate COVID-19 (ELACOI)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueping Li ◽  
Zhiwei Xie ◽  
Weiyin Lin ◽  
Weiping Cai ◽  
Chunyan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

AbstractBackgroundAntiviral therapies against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused a global pandemic of respiratory illness called COVID-19, are still lacking.MethodsOur study (NCT04252885, named ELACOI), was an exploratory randomized (2:2:1) controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or arbidol monotherapy for treating patients with mild/moderate COVID-19.FindingsThis study successfully enrolled 86 patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 with 34 randomly assigned to receive LPV/r, 35 to arbidol and 17 with no antiviral medication as control. Baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The primary endpoints, the average time of positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and conversion rates at days 7 and 14, were similar between groups (all P>0.05). There were no differences between groups in the secondary endpoints, the rates of antipyresis, cough alleviation, or improvement of chest CT at days 7 or 14 (all P>0.05). At day 7, eight (23.5%) patients in the LPV/r group, 3 (8.6%) in the arbidol group and 2(11.8%) in the control group showed a deterioration in clinical status from moderate to severe/critical(P =0.206). Overall, 12 (35.3%) patients in the LPV/r group and 5 (14.3%) in the arbidol group experienced adverse events during the follow-up period. No apparent adverse event occurred in the control group.ConclusionsLPV/r or arbidol monotherapy present little benefit for improving the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with mild/moderate COVID-19 over supportive care.FundingThis study was supported by project 2018ZX10302103-002, 2017ZX10202102-003-004 and Infectious Disease Specialty of Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty (2019-2021).

scholarly journals Improved maximal strength is not associated with improvements in sprint time or jump height in high-level female football players: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Pedersen ◽  
Kim Arne Heitmann ◽  
Edvard H. Sagelv ◽  
Dag Johansen ◽  
Svein Arne Pettersen
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Maximal strength increments are reported to result in improvements in sprint speed and jump height in elite male football players. Although similar effects are expected in females, this is yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maximal strength training on sprint speed and jump height in high-level female football players. Methods Two female football teams were team-cluster-randomized to a training group (TG) performing maximal strength training (MST) twice a week for 5 weeks, or control group (CG) doing their regular pre-season preparations. The MST consisted of 3–4 sets of 4–6 repetitions at ≥85% of 1 repetitions maximum (1RM) in a squat exercise. Sprint speed and jump height were assessed in 5-, 10- and 15 m sprints and a counter-movement jump (CMJ) test, respectively. Nineteen participants in TG (18.3 ± 2.7 years) and 14 in CG (18.3 ± 2.4 years) completed pre- and posttests and were carried forward for final analyses. Results There was no improvement in neither of the sprint times (p > 0.36), nor jump height (p = 0.87). The players increased their 1RM in squats (main of effect of time: p < 0.00, pη2 = 0.704), and an interaction effect of time x group was observed (p < 0.00, pη2 = 0.516) where the TG increased their 1RM more than the CT (between subjects effects: p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.965). Conclusions MST improved maximal strength in female football players to a large extent; however, the improvement in maximal strength did not result in any transference to sprint speed or jump height. Trial registration This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov PRS (Protocol registration and results System) with the code NCT04048928, 07.08.2019, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Level of Self-Regulation and Mindfulness Training on Coping Strategies Used by University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús de la Fuente ◽  
Israel Mañas ◽  
Clemente Franco ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
Encarnación Soriano
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this research was to verify, in a group of psychology students, whether mindfulness training in conjunction with the individual’s level of self-regulation behavior would produce a change in the use of coping strategies. A total of 38 students participated in this study, with one experimental group and one control group, in a randomized controlled trial. Observation of the experimental group revealed a significant decrease in specific emotion-focused, negative coping strategies (preparing for the worst, resigned acceptance, emotional venting, and isolation), and a significant increase in specific problem-focused, positive coping (positive reappraisal and firmness, self-talk, help for action), in combination with students’ existing low-medium-high level of self-regulation. The importance and usefulness of mindfulness techniques in Higher Education is discussed, in conjunction with differences in university students’ level of self-regulation behavior.

Artificial intelligence and colonoscopy experience: lessons from two randomised trials

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2021-324471
Author(s):  
Alessandro Repici ◽  
Marco Spadaccini ◽  
Giulio Antonelli ◽  
Loredana Correale ◽  
Roberta Maselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background and aimsArtificial intelligence has been shown to increase adenoma detection rate (ADR) as the main surrogate outcome parameter of colonoscopy quality. To which extent this effect may be related to physician experience is not known. We performed a randomised trial with colonoscopists in their qualification period (AID-2) and compared these data with a previously published randomised trial in expert endoscopists (AID-1).MethodsIn this prospective, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (AID-2), 10 non-expert endoscopists (<2000 colonoscopies) performed screening/surveillance/diagnostic colonoscopies in consecutive 40–80 year-old subjects using high-definition colonoscopy with or without a real-time deep-learning computer-aided detection (CADe) (GI Genius, Medtronic). The primary outcome was ADR in both groups with histology of resected lesions as reference. In a post-hoc analysis, data from this randomised controlled trial (RCT) were compared with data from the previous AID-1 RCT involving six experienced endoscopists in an otherwise similar setting.ResultsIn 660 patients (62.3±10 years; men/women: 330/330) with equal distribution of study parameters, overall ADR was higher in the CADe than in the control group (53.3% vs 44.5%; relative risk (RR): 1.22; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.40; p<0.01 for non-inferiority and p=0.02 for superiority). Similar increases were seen in adenoma numbers per colonoscopy and in small and distal lesions. No differences were observed with regards to detection of non-neoplastic lesions. When pooling these data with those from the AID-1 study, use of CADe (RR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.42) and colonoscopy indication, but not the level of examiner experience (RR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.16) were associated with ADR differences in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn less experienced examiners, CADe assistance during colonoscopy increased ADR and a number of related polyp parameters as compared with the control group. Experience appears to play a minor role as determining factor for ADR.Trial registration numberNCT:04260321.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Chatbot for Anxiety and Depression for University Students: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Klos ◽  
Milagros Escoredo ◽  
Angie Joerin ◽  
Viviana Noemí Lemos ◽  
Michiel Rauws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
College Students ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND The use of artificial intelligence based chatbots as an instrument of psychological intervention is emerging, however no studies have been reported in Latin America. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate usage patterns and whether the use of a chatbot is effective for relieving depression and anxiety symptoms compared to a control group utilizing a psychoeducation book in Argentina. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial study utilizing the chabot Tess throughout eight weeks. The initial sample consisted of 181 Argentinian college students ages 18 to 33, 87.2% female. Of those, 33 participants in the experimental condition and 30 in the control condition provided data on depressive symptoms at week eight, and 27 participants in the experimental condition and 23 in the control condition provided data on anxiety symptoms at week eight. Between and within group comparisons were analysed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests for depression symptoms, and Independent and Paired Samples t Tests to analyze anxiety symptoms. RESULTS There was no significant intergroup differences between the experimental group and the control group for depression and anxiety symptoms from baseline to week eight (P>.05). However, there were significant intragroup differences, where the experimental group showed a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms (P=.04) and no differences were observed for the control group (P=.33). No significant differences were found for depressive symptoms within the groups (P>.05). The effect size of the intervention was moderate for anxiety (d=.50) and small for depression (r=.09). In regards to participants engagement after eight weeks, there was an average of 472 exchanged messages (M=472.15; SD=249.52) and a higher number of messages exchanged with Tess was associated with positive feedback (F2,36=4.37; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Students engaged a considerable amount of time exchanging messages with Tess and positive feedback was associated with higher numbers of messages exchanged. The initial results show promising evidence for the use of Tess for anxiety symptoms and a lower effect on depressive symptoms in Argentinian college students. Research on chatbots is still in its initial stages and further research is needed.

A randomized controlled trial of a novel artificial intelligence-based smartphone application to optimize the management of cancer-related pain.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11514-11514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Kamdar ◽  
Amanda Jayne Centi ◽  
Stephen Agboola ◽  
Nils Fischer ◽  
Simone Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Patient Reported

11514 Background: Cancer pain is a significant problem that impairs patient quality of life and increases healthcare utilization. ePAL is a smartphone application that utilizes patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize cancer pain management. This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of ePAL on cancer pain severity, attitudes toward cancer pain, and healthcare utilization. Methods: Patients with pain from metastatic solid tumors (n = 112) undergoing treatment in a palliative care clinic were randomized to either a control group (n = 56) that received usual care or an intervention group (n = 56) that received ePAL in addition to usual care for 8 weeks. Measures of pain severity (Brief Pain Inventory), attitudes towards cancer treatment (Barriers Questionnaire II) and anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7) were assessed. We used repeated measures mixed modeling to assess change in outcome measures over time. We also conducted a chart review to identify pain-related hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits and compared risk between study groups. Results: Pain severity (BPI) and negative attitudes toward cancer treatment (BQ-II) decreased significantly for those assigned to ePAL compared to controls (ß = -0.09, p = 0.034 and ß = -0.037, p = 0.042, respectively). Patients assigned to ePAL reported higher anxiety scores compared to controls (ß = 0.21, p = 0.015). Patients assigned to ePAL had significantly fewer pain-related hospital admissions (n = 4 vs. n = 20, per patient risk ratio 0.31, p = 0.018) and fewer pain-related admissions through the ED (n = 2 vs. n = 14, per patient risk ratio 0.18, p = 0.008) compared to control group. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first mobile app to utilize patient reported outcomes and artificial intelligence to significantly decrease pain scores and pain-related hospitalizations in patients with cancer-related pain. Future directions include examining the efficacy of ePAL in settings with limited access to palliative care.

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