scholarly journals Quality Awareness and Its Influence on the Evaluation of App Meta-Information by Physicians: Validation Study

10.2196/16442 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e16442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs-Vito Albrecht ◽  
Theodor Framke ◽  
Ute von Jan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
German Society ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Quality Principles ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Key Questions

Background Meta-information provided about health apps on app stores is often the only readily available source of quality-related information before installation. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess whether physicians deem a predefined set of quality principles as relevant for health apps; whether they are able to identify corresponding information in a given sample of app descriptions; and whether, and how, this facilitates their informed usage decisions. Methods All members of the German Society for Internal Medicine were invited by email to participate in an anonymous online survey over a 6-week period. Participants were randomly assigned one app description focusing on cardiology or pulmonology. In the survey, participants were asked three times about whether the assigned description sufficed for a usage decision: they were asked (1) after giving an appraisal of the relevance of nine predefined app quality principles, (2) after determining whether the descriptions covered the quality principles, and (3) after they assessed the availability of detailed quality information by means of 25 additional key questions. Tests for significance of changes in their decisions between assessments 1 and 2, and between assessments 2 and 3, were conducted with the McNemar-Bowker test of symmetry. The effect size represents the discordant proportion ratio sum as a quotient of the test statistics of the Bowker test and the number of observation units. The significance level was set to alpha=.05 with a power of 1-beta=.95. Results A total of 441 of 724 participants (60.9%) who started the survey fully completed the questionnaires and were included in the evaluation. The participants predominantly rated the specified nine quality principles as important for their decision (approximately 80%-99% of ratings). However, apart from the practicality criterion, information provided in the app descriptions was lacking for both groups (approximately 51%-92%). Reassessment of the apps led to more critical assessments among both groups. After having familiarized themselves with the nine quality principles, approximately one-third of the participants (group A: 63/220, 28.6%; group B: 62/221, 28.1%) came to more critical usage decisions in a statistically significant manner (McNemar-Bowker test, groups A and B: P<.001). After a subsequent reassessment with 25 key questions, critical appraisals further increased, although not in a statistically significant manner (McNemar-Bowker, group A: P=.13; group B: P=.05). Conclusions Sensitizing physicians to the topic of quality principles via questions about attitudes toward established quality principles, and letting them apply these principles to app descriptions, lead to more critical appraisals of the sufficiency of the information they provided. Even working with only nine generic criteria was sufficient to bring about the majority of decision changes. This may lay the foundation for aiding physicians in their app-related decision processes, without unduly taking up their valuable time.

Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption – A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Mishra Neha Sanjeev ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Singh Mayall ◽  
Rishika ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. Study design: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group ‘A’- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group ‘B’- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson’s chi – square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

scholarly journals In vitro Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Retreatment with Rotary and Reciprocating Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
María J. Burbano Balseca ◽  
Silvana B. Terán Ayala ◽  
Fábio D. da Costa Aznar ◽  
Adriana R. de Freitas-Aznar ◽  
Guillermo M. Aguirre Balseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Amount ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sealing Material ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Root Canal Retreatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Reciprocating Systems

Introduction: The extrusion of apical detritus during the retracting procedure is very important, as, besides eliminating materials of radicular obturation, aggressive agents and products such as the remains of dentin taken out, and microorganisms are generally located in tissue around the roots, producing undesired effects, such as inflammation, acute pain, post-operatory pain and delays in the periapical treatment. Objective: To determine the amount of apically extruded detritus using rotary and reciprocating retreatment systems. Methodology: An experimental comparative study as conducted in which 40 single-rooted human first premolars were analyzed. The instruments used were ProTaper Universal files up to F3 and sodium hypochlorite, and the sealing was made through the hybrid technique Tager. They were then kept at 37ºC and 100% of humidity for 15 days so that the sealing material would seal. For the retracting procedure, experimental tubes previously weighted were used. The sample was divided randomly into two groups of 20 pieces. Group A: ProTaper R, and group B: Reciproc. Then, the irrigating material (distilled water) was evaporated from the tubes for 12 hours in a stove at 105ºC, and the experimental tubes were weighted in an analytical precision weighing scale 10-5g. The data was analyzed through the T Student with a significance level of 5%. Results: Results indicated that groups A and B, retreatment with rotational ProTaper R and reciprocating retreatment system (Reciproc) showed a similar difference of initial and final weights, indicating similar apical extrusion of detritus. Conclusion: Both systems extruded a similar amount of detritus during the retreatment procedures.

scholarly journals Apical Debris Extrusion by Adaptive Root Canal Instrumentation in Oval Canals: Full-Sequence SAF System vs. the XP-Endo Shaper Plus Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajinkya M. Pawar ◽  
Bhaggyashri A. Pawar ◽  
Anuj Bhardwaj ◽  
Alexander Maniangat Luke ◽  
Zvi Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Full Sequence ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation

Apical extrusion of debris (AED) by the full sequence of the self-adjusting file (SAF) system was compared with that of the XP-endo shaper plus sequence. Sixty permanent mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation: Group A: Stage 1—pre-SAF OS, pre-SAF 1 and pre-SAF 2 files, followed by Stage 2—1.5 mm SAF; and Group B: Stage 1— hand K-file 15/0.02, followed by Stage 2—XP-endo shaper and Stage 3—XP-endo finisher. The AED produced during instrumentation at each stage was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The weights of AED by the two methods were compared using t tests with significance level set at 5%. Group A produced significantly less total AED than Group B (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in debris extrusion between the two stages (p = 0.3014). Conversely, in Group B, a significant difference was noted between Stage 1 and Stages 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), with no significant difference between Stages 2 and 3 (p = 0.488). Both sequences resulted in measurable amounts of AED. Each phase, in either procedure, made its own contribution to the extrusion of debris.

scholarly journals Comparative study of knowledge about oral cancer among undergraduate dental students

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Samara Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Yara Juliano ◽  
Neil Ferreira Novo ◽  
Ilan Weinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Self Examination

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare the knowledge of dental undergraduate students about oral cancer. Methods: The students were divided into two groups according to semester attended in the undergraduate course: Group A, the first semester; and Group B, seventh semester. They were asked to answer a questionnaire about epidemiology, risk factors, clinical aspects, therapeutic solutions and oral self-examination. For statistical analysis, the Fisher's exact test, the Cochran's G test and Kendall's concordance test were used, with significance level set at 0.05. Results: Regarding the prevalent sex, only 8.0% of Group A and 56.0% of Group B judged males as the frequent affected by the disease (p=0.0006). In terms of age, 84.0% of the Group B and 44.0% of the Group A estimated that most cases were diagnosed over 40 years (p=0.0072). Smoking was identified as the major risk factor for 64.0% and 91.6% of Groups A and B, respectively (p=0.0110). On issues related to sex, ethnicity, age, risk factors, self-examination, treatment, professional responsible for treatment and profile of an individual with the disease, the seventh-semester showed significantly higher correct answer percentages than first-semester undergraduates. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between the right and wrong answers given by first and seventh semester students, making necessary a specific approach directed to their lack of knowledge.

scholarly journals Lusutrombopag is effective and safe in patients with chronic liver disease and severe thrombocytopenia: a multicenter retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nomoto ◽  
Naoki Morimoto ◽  
Kouichi Miura ◽  
Shunji Watanabe ◽  
Yoshinari Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Chronic liver disease (CLD) is often complicated by severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50,000/µL). Platelet transfusion has been a gold standard for increasing the platelet count to prevent hemorrhagic events in such patients. Lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, can increase the platelet count in such patients when invasive procedures are scheduled. Former studies on lusutrombopag included patients with a platelet count of > 50,000/µL at baseline: the proportions of patients who did not require platelet transfusion were 84–96%, which might be overestimated. Methods The efficacy and safety of lusutrombopag were retrospectively investigated in CLD patients with platelet count of < 50,000/µL, a criterion for platelet transfusion, in real-world settings. We examined the proportion of patients who did not require platelet transfusion in 31 CLD patients, which exceeded a minimum required sample size (21 patients) calculated by 80% power at a significance level of 5%. Lusutrombopag, 3 mg once daily, was administered 8–18 days before scheduled invasive procedures. Results Among 31 patients who received lusutrombopag, 23 patients (74.2%) patients showed a platelet count of ≥ 50,000/µL (Group A) and did not require platelet transfusion. The remaining 8 patients (25.8%) did not reached platelet ≥ 50,000/µL (Group B). The means of platelet increase were 38,000/µL and 12,000/µL in groups A and B, respectively. A low platelet count at baseline was a characteristic of patients in group B. Among 13 patients who repeatedly used lusutrombopag, lusutrombopag significantly increased the platelet count as the initial treatment. When all repeated uses of lusutrombopag were counted among these 13 patients, platelet transfusion was not required in 82.1% (23/28) of treatments. Although one patient showed portal thrombosis after lusutrombopag treatment, the thrombosis was disappeared by anticoagulant treatment for 35 days. The degree of platelet increase with lusutrombopag was larger than that in their previous platelet transfusion. Conclusions The proportion of patients who did not require platelet transfusion was 74.2%, which is smaller than that in former studies which included CLD patients with a platelet count of > 50,000/µL. However, lusutrombopag is effective and safe for CLD patients with a platelet count of < 50,000/µL.

scholarly journals What motivated medical students and residents to become radiation oncologists in Japan?—Questionnaire report by the radiotherapy promotion committee of JASTRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
Yuji Murakami ◽  
Shin-ei Noda ◽  
Yoshiomi Hatayama ◽  
Toshiya Maebayashi ◽  
Keiichi Jingu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
New Members ◽  
Radiation Oncologists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
To Come ◽  
Group B

Abstract This study aimed to clarify the motivations and timing of the decision to become radiation oncologists. Materials and methods: We conducted an online survey for new members of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO). Results: The response rate was 43.3%. Data of the 79 respondents who wanted to obtain a board-certification of JASTRO were analysed. We divided the respondents into two groups: Group A, those who entered a single radiation oncology department, and Group B, those who joined a radiology department in which the radiation oncology department and diagnostic radiology department were integrated. The most common period when respondents were most attracted to radiation oncology was “5th year of university” in Group A and “2nd year of junior residency” and “senior residency” in Group B. Furthermore, 79.5% of Group A and 40% of Group B chose periods before graduation from a university with a significant difference. The most common period when respondents made up their minds to become radiation oncologists was “2nd year of junior residency” in both groups. Internal medicine was the most common department to consider if they did not join the radiation oncology or radiology department. Conclusion: To increase the radiation oncologists, it is crucial to enhance clinical training in the fifth year of university for Group A and to continue an active approach to maintain interest in radiation oncology until the end of junior residency. In Group B facilities, it is desirable to provide undergraduates more opportunities to come in contact with radiation oncology.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of two calcium silicate based sealers and a resin epoxy-based sealer through scanning electron microscopy and bond strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e214073
Author(s):  
Mai H. Abdelrahman ◽  
Mohamed Y. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim: this study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two types of commercially available calcium silicate bioceramic based root canal sealers and a resin based root canal sealer. Methods: Twenty one single-rooted teeth were used, samples (n= 21) were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (group A; ADSEAL, group B; Wellroot, group C; Ceraseal). Roots were then cleaved longitudinally in the labiolingual direction; all samples were then sectioned at three, six, and nine mm from the root tip. The penetration of sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined at 1000x with a scanning electron microscope. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. ANOVA test was used for analyzing normally distributed data followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Significance level p≤0.001. Results: groups B and C showed better sealing ability than group A in all the three sections. The coronal section showed higher sealing ability than the middle section followed by the apical section in the three tested groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both calcium silicate-based sealers had better sealing ability and higher bond strength than the resin epoxy- based sealer.

scholarly journals Exploring the decoy effect to guide tobacco treatment choice: a randomized experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin S. Rogers ◽  
Elizabeth A. Vargas ◽  
Elizabeth Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Decoy Effect ◽  
Tobacco Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives Guidelines recommend that smokers participate in four or more counseling sessions when trying to quit, but smokers rarely engage in multiple sessions. The “decoy effect” is a cognitive bias that can cause consumer preferences for a “target” product to change when presented with a similar but inferior product (a “decoy”). This study tested the use of a decoy to guide smokers’ selection of a target number of counseling sessions. During an online survey, adult tobacco users (N = 93) were randomized to one of two groups that determined the answer choices they saw in response to a question assessing their interest in multi-session cessation counseling. Group A choose between two sessions or a “target” of five sessions. Group B was given a third “decoy” option of seven sessions. Binary logistic regression was used to compare groups on the proportion of participants selecting the “target.” Results Among 90 participants with complete data, a decoy effect was not found. There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of participants selecting the target of five sessions (47% in Group B vs. 53% in Group A; aOR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.48–1.19). Trial Registration This study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov on December 13, 2019 (NCT04200157)

Guiding Our Way

2011 ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen P. King ◽  
Frank J. Melia ◽  
Marlene D. Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Online Professional Development ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
K 12

Increased accountability for student outcomes among teachers led to an examination of the needs and motivations of 324 K-12 educators who participated in 6-week online professional development modules of study. This research was conducted through focus groups and an online survey. The most telling findings indicate four themes regarding teacher online professional development: learner expectations, learner support and access, incentives, and content. This project illuminates issues that arise in formal education online learning environments as we continue to discover how to best serve educators’ learning needs. This two step study uses surveys and focus groups to empirically identify critical factors in instructional design and implementation. It benefits from large samples and the application of knowledge derived from Group A experiences to Group B. Follow-up research of 944 participants at year 4 of the project provides additional insight into technology use and motivation.

scholarly journals Increase in Bcl2 expression of penile and prostate cells of Sprague Dawley male rats following treatment with buceng (combination of Pimpinella alpina molk with Eurycoma longifolia Jack)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Group B ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

Background: Treatment with buceng combination of Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Pimpinella alpine Molk has been proven to increase testosterone level, decrease apoptosis and caspase3 expression. Bcl2 is an antiapoptotic protein found in cytoplasm which inhibits cells apoptosis. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of buceng on Bcl2 expression on penile and prostate tissues of the rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Sprague Dawley rats of 90 days old, weighing ± 300 grams, were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A, normal rats. Group B, castrated rats and treated with buceng 100 mg/day, per oral (Cast-Bcg); Group C, castrated rats and treated with 2 ml of water as placebo against buceng (Cast-Plac). Group D, castrated rats, treated with mesterolone 6.75 mg/day, per oral, as exogenous testosterone (Cast-Mest). All rats were treated for 30 days. Manova test was used to analyze the different expression of Bcl2 among groups with significance level at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Castration was associated with significant decrease of Bcl2 expression in the penile and prostate tissues (53.0 and 50.9%, respectively) compared to normal rats (82.6 and 84.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Treatment with mesterolone reversed Bcl2 expression (77.1 and 78.1%) to a near normal level. The same level of Bcl2 expression was also observed with buceng treatment (73.8 and 78.2%).Conclusion: The treatment with buceng could enhance Bcl2 expression in penile and prostate tissues, comparable to normal rats and mesterolone treated rats.

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