scholarly journals Circadian Rhythms in the Telephone Calls of Older Adults: Observational Descriptive Study

10.2196/12452 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e12452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Hervé Provost ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Over Time

Background Recent studies have thoughtfully and convincingly demonstrated the possibility of estimating the circadian rhythms of young adults’ social activity by analyzing their telephone call-detail records (CDRs). In the field of health monitoring, this development may offer new opportunities for supervising a patient’s health status by collecting objective, unobtrusive data about their daily social interactions. However, before considering this future perspective, whether and how similar results could be observed in other populations, including older ones, should be established. Objective This study was designed specifically to address the circadian rhythms in the telephone calls of older adults. Methods A longitudinal, 12-month dataset combining CDRs and questionnaire data from 26 volunteers aged 65 years or older was used to examine individual differences in the daily rhythms of telephone call activity. The study used outgoing CDRs only and worked with three specific telecommunication parameters: (1) call recipient (alter), (2) time of day, and (3) call duration. As did the studies involving young adults, we analyzed three issues: (1) the existence of circadian rhythms in the telephone call activity of older adults, (2) their persistence over time, and (3) the alter-specificity of calls by calculating relative entropy. Results We discovered that older adults had their own specific circadian rhythms of outgoing telephone call activity whose salient features and preferences varied across individuals, from morning until night. We demonstrated that rhythms were consistent, as reflected by their persistence over time. Finally, results suggested that the circadian rhythms of outgoing telephone call activity were partly structured by how older adults allocated their communication time across their social network. Conclusions Overall, these results are the first to have demonstrated the existence, persistence, and alter-specificity of the circadian rhythms of the outgoing telephone call activity of older adults. These findings suggest an opportunity to consider modern telephone technologies as potential sensors of daily activity. From a health care perspective, these sensors could be harnessed for unobtrusive monitoring purposes.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Outgoing and Incoming Telephone Calls in the Context of Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity Among Elderly People: Observational Descriptive Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Hervé Provost ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Call Detail Records ◽  
The Way

BACKGROUND In the elderly population, analysis of the circadian rhythms of social activity may help in supervising homebound disabled and chronically ill populations. Circadian rhythms are monitored over time to determine, for example, the stability of the organization of daily social activity rhythms and the occurrence of particular desynchronizations in the way older adults act and react socially during the day. Recently, analysis of telephone call detail records has led to the possibility of determining circadian rhythms of social activity in an objective unobtrusive way for young patients from their outgoing telephone calls. At this stage, however, the analysis of incoming call rhythms and the comparison of their organization with respect to outgoing calls remains to be performed in underinvestigated populations (in particular, older populations). OBJECTIVE This study investigated the persistence and synchronization of circadian rhythms in telephone communication by older adults. METHODS The study used a longitudinal 12-month data set combining call detail records and questionnaire data from 26 volunteers aged 70 years or more to determine the existence of persistent and synchronized circadian rhythms in their telephone communications. The study worked with the following four specific telecommunication parameters: (1) recipient of the telephone call (alter), (2) time at which the call began, (3) duration of the call, and (4) direction of the call. We focused on the following two issues: (1) the existence of persistent circadian rhythms of outgoing and incoming telephone calls in the older population and (2) synchronization with circadian rhythms in the way the older population places and responds to telephone calls. RESULTS The results showed that older adults have their own specific circadian rhythms for placing telephone calls and receiving telephone calls. These rhythms are partly structured by the way in which older adults allocate their communication time over the day. In addition, despite minor differences between circadian rhythms for outgoing and incoming calls, our analysis suggests the two rhythms could be synchronized. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the existence of potential persistent and synchronized circadian rhythms in the outgoing and incoming telephone activities of older adults.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Outgoing and Incoming Telephone Calls in the Context of Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity Among Elderly People: Observational Descriptive Study

10.2196/13535 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e13535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Hervé Provost ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Call Detail Records ◽  
The Way

Background In the elderly population, analysis of the circadian rhythms of social activity may help in supervising homebound disabled and chronically ill populations. Circadian rhythms are monitored over time to determine, for example, the stability of the organization of daily social activity rhythms and the occurrence of particular desynchronizations in the way older adults act and react socially during the day. Recently, analysis of telephone call detail records has led to the possibility of determining circadian rhythms of social activity in an objective unobtrusive way for young patients from their outgoing telephone calls. At this stage, however, the analysis of incoming call rhythms and the comparison of their organization with respect to outgoing calls remains to be performed in underinvestigated populations (in particular, older populations). Objective This study investigated the persistence and synchronization of circadian rhythms in telephone communication by older adults. Methods The study used a longitudinal 12-month data set combining call detail records and questionnaire data from 26 volunteers aged 70 years or more to determine the existence of persistent and synchronized circadian rhythms in their telephone communications. The study worked with the following four specific telecommunication parameters: (1) recipient of the telephone call (alter), (2) time at which the call began, (3) duration of the call, and (4) direction of the call. We focused on the following two issues: (1) the existence of persistent circadian rhythms of outgoing and incoming telephone calls in the older population and (2) synchronization with circadian rhythms in the way the older population places and responds to telephone calls. Results The results showed that older adults have their own specific circadian rhythms for placing telephone calls and receiving telephone calls. These rhythms are partly structured by the way in which older adults allocate their communication time over the day. In addition, despite minor differences between circadian rhythms for outgoing and incoming calls, our analysis suggests the two rhythms could be synchronized. Conclusions These results suggest the existence of potential persistent and synchronized circadian rhythms in the outgoing and incoming telephone activities of older adults.

scholarly journals Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established. OBJECTIVE Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults. METHODS We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs. RESULTS The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.

scholarly journals Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study

10.2196/22339 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e22339
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social

Background Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established. Objective Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults. Methods We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs. Results The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters. Conclusions These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.

Circadian phase-shifting effects of nocturnal exercise in older compared with young adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1542-R1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Baehr ◽  
Charmane I. Eastman ◽  
William Revelle ◽  
Susan H. Losee Olson ◽  
Lisa F. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Right

Exercise can phase shift the circadian rhythms of young adults if performed at the right time of day. Similar research has not been done in older adults. This study examined the circadian phase-delaying effects of a single 3-h bout of low-intensity nocturnal exercise in older ( n = 8; 55–73 yr old) vs. young ( n = 8; 20–32 yr old) adults. The exercise occurred at the beginning of each subject's habitual sleep time, and subjects sat in a chair in dim light during the corresponding time in the control condition. The dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) was used as the circadian phase marker. The DLMO phase delayed more after the exercise than after the control condition. On average, the difference in phase shift between the exercise and control conditions was similar for older and young subjects, demonstrating that the phase-shifting effects of exercise on the circadian system are preserved in older adults. Therefore, exercise may potentially be a useful treatment to help adjust circadian rhythms in older and young adults.

Survival Improvements Following Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In Adolescents and Young Adults Have Been Comparable To Younger Children: A Study From The Cibmtr

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 554-554
Author(s):  
William A. Wood ◽  
Stephanie J. Lee ◽  
Ruta Brazauskas ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Mahmoud D. Aljurf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have not experienced survival improvements over time to the same extent as younger and older patients. Studies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have identified differences in chemotherapy treatment approaches, adherence and possibly outcomes for AYAs treated in pediatric vs. adult settings. To determine if these same issues are operative in ALL patients treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we compared outcomes among 2730 patients including 1008 children (<15 years), 1244 AYAs (15-40 years) and 478 older adults (> 40 years) receiving myeloablative allogeneic HCT for ALL at US centers over three time periods (1990-1995, 1996-2001, and 2002-2007). All patients were in first or second complete remission at HCT; Ph+ patients were included; umbilical cord blood transplant recipients were excluded. The proportions of patients receiving peripheral blood transplants and receiving HCT using well-matched unrelated donors increased over time in all three age groups. From 1996-2001 to 2002-2007, transplant volume increased by 7% in children, 50% in AYAs, and 180% in older adults. Our analysis demonstrated that 5-year overall survival varied inversely with age group, but survival for AYAs over time improved at rates comparable to survival in children (Figure). Multivariate analyses adjusting for important patient and disease characteristics confirmed that older age was associated with poorer survival (hazard ratio 2.2 for older adults and 1.7 for AYA vs. children, P<0.001); however, no significant interactions were observed between age and time period confirming that changes in survival rates over time were similar between the groups even after statistical adjustment for other factors. Similar findings were observed for transplant-related mortality (TRM) and relapse. Transplantation techniques and outcomes were also explored for a subset of 131 AYAs (ages 15-25) transplanted at 46 pediatric or 92 adult centers. Although limited by small numbers, univariate analyses did not show differences in probabilities of overall survival, TRM, or relapse by center type. Patients transplanted at pediatric centers had a longer time from diagnosis to transplant than patients transplanted at adult centers (p=0.024), and were more likely to receive bone marrow vs. peripheral blood stem cell graft (p<0.001). Conditioning regimens (p=0.04) and GVHD prophylaxis (p<0.01) also differed. Taken together, these findings suggest that, in contrast to what has been observed for other cancers over time, survival following myeloablative allogeneic HCT for AYA’s has improved at a rate comparable to other age groups. There appear to be differences in transplant timing and techniques for AYAs depending on whether treatment occurs in a pediatric or adult center but transplant outcomes did not significantly differ, in contrast to survival differences reported in the non-transplant setting. In summary, AYAs are experiencing improvements comparable with younger children, and appear to have similar outcomes whether transplanted at pediatric or adult centers.Figure5-year adjusted overall survival probabilities for the three age-groups and time periods. Boxes represent estimates (center lines) and 95% confidence intervals.Figure. 5-year adjusted overall survival probabilities for the three age-groups and time periods. Boxes represent estimates (center lines) and 95% confidence intervals. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals PREDICTORS OF LONGITUDINAL COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING KOREAN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S657-S657
Author(s):  
Jinhee Shin ◽  
Eunhee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective This study aims to explore predictors to longitudinal decline of cognitive function in old adults in Korean. Methods The data were derived from the information system of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) which performed nationwide aging panel survey for adults aged over 45 years between 2006 and 2016. The sample consisted of 1,262 older adults who completed K-MMSE. Of the total 1,262 participants, 752 had normal cognition, 243 had mild cognitive impairment, and the rest 267 had dementia. Variables from diverse dimensions were derived from the KLoSA. The linear mixed models were used to predict and explain predictors affecting cognitive function decline over time. Results The ADL and IADL, depression, exercise, and social activity were time-varying variables significantly related to the cognitive function of the older adults. Over time, difference in change of the K-MMSE score between three groups was significant. Conclusions This study identified predictors influencing decrease of cognitive function over time in older adults in Korea. Tailored intervention needs to be developed and implemented in order to delay the cognitive function decline. Improving physical function through regular exercise, increasing social activity, and managing depression by early detection and treatment are recommended according to the cognitive function status. Keywords: old adults, cognitive function, K-MMSE, predictor

Task-linked Diurnal Brain Network Reorganization in Older Adults: A Graph Theoretical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. E. Anderson ◽  
Saman Sarraf ◽  
Tarek Amer ◽  
Buddhika Bellana ◽  
Vincent Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
Graph Metric ◽  
Graph Theoretical Approach ◽  
Brain Network Reorganization

Testing older adults in the morning generally improves behavioral performance relative to afternoon testing. Morning testing is also associated with brain activity similar to that of young adults. Here, we used graph theory to explore how time of day (TOD) affects the organization of brain networks in older adults across rest and task states. We used nodes from the automated anatomical labeling atlas to construct participant-specific correlation matrices of fMRI data obtained during 1-back tasks with interference and rest. We computed pairwise group differences for key graph metrics, including small-worldness and modularity. We found that older adults tested in the morning and young adults did not differ on any graph metric. Both of these groups differed from older adults tested in the afternoon during the tasks—but not rest. Specifically, the latter group had lower modularity and small-worldness (indices of more efficient network organization). Across all groups, higher modularity and small-worldness strongly correlated with reduced distractibility on an implicit priming task. Increasingly, TOD is seen as important for interpreting and reproducing neuroimaging results. Our study emphasizes how TOD affects brain network organization and executive control in older adults.

scholarly journals Novel statistical approach for assessing the persistence of the circadian rhythms of social activity from telephone call detail records in older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Health Care Monitoring ◽  
Call Detail Records

AbstractHow circadian rhythms of activity manifest themselves in social life of humans remains one of the most intriguing questions in chronobiology and a major issue for personalized medicine. Over the past years, substantial advances have been made in understanding the personal nature and the robustness—i.e. the persistence—of the circadian rhythms of social activity by the analysis of phone use. At this stage however, the consistency of such advances as their statistical validity remains unclear. The present paper has been specifically designed to address this issue. To this end, we propose a novel statistical procedure for the measurement of the circadian rhythms of social activity which is particularly well-suited for the existing framework of persistence analysis. Furthermore, we illustrate how this procedure works concretely by assessing the persistence of the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity from a 12-month call detail records (CDRs) dataset of adults over than 65 years. The results show the ability of our approach for assessing persistence with a statistical significance. In the field of CDRs analysis, this novel statistical approach can be used for completing the existing methods used to analyze the persistence of the circadian rhythms of a social nature. More importantly, it provides an opportunity to open up the analysis of CDRs for various domains of application in personalized medicine requiring access to statistical significance such as health care monitoring.

Time of day effects on the use of distraction to minimise forgetting

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2334-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Wai Joan Ngo ◽  
Renée Katherine Biss ◽  
Lynn Hasher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Task Instruction ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Arousal ◽  
Circadian Arousal

Recent research found that implicit rehearsal of distraction can reduce forgetting for older adults, in part due to their inefficient regulation of irrelevant information. Here, we investigated whether young adults’ memory can also benefit from critical information presented as distraction. Participants recalled a list of words initially and then again after a 15-min delay, with some of the critical studied words exposed as distraction during the delay. We tested young adults at an optimal versus non-optimal time of day, the latter a condition intended to mirror patterns of those with reduced attention regulation. We also varied task instruction to assess whether awareness of an upcoming memory task would influence implicit rehearsal of distraction. The task instruction manipulation was ineffective, but desynchronising time of testing and period of optimal cognitive arousal resulted in a memory benefit. Young adults tested at a non-optimal time showed minimal forgetting of words repeated as distraction, while those tested at an optimal time showed no memory benefit for these items, consistent with research suggesting that attention regulation is greatly affected by circadian arousal.

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