scholarly journals Household Surveys in the General Population and Web-Based Surveys in IQOS Users Registered at the Philip Morris International IQOS User Database: Protocols on the Use of Tobacco- and Nicotine-Containing Products in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom (Greater London), 2018-2020

10.2196/12061 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e12061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Sponsiello-Wang ◽  
Peter Langer ◽  
Luis Prieto ◽  
Mariia Dobrynina ◽  
Dimitra Skiada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Population ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Philip Morris

scholarly journals Household Surveys in the General Population and Web-Based Surveys in IQOS Users Registered at the Philip Morris International IQOS User Database: Protocols on the Use of Tobacco- and Nicotine-Containing Products in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom (Greater London), 2018-2020 (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Sponsiello-Wang ◽  
Peter Langer ◽  
Luis Prieto ◽  
Mariia Dobrynina ◽  
Dimitra Skiada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Philip Morris

BACKGROUND Philip Morris International (PMI) has developed a novel heat-not-burn tobacco product, Tobacco Heating System (THS), which is marketed under the brand name of IQOS with HEETS (IQOS). The aerosol generated by THS has substantially fewer toxicants than combustible cigarette smoke, although the extent of the reduction of harmful and potentially harmful constituents reported varies between studies. To evaluate the potential harm reduction associated with IQOS use, the assessment of the uptake and continued use of IQOS in the context of all other tobacco- and nicotine-containing products is crucial. In March 2018, PMI launched cross-sectional surveys in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom (Greater London) to estimate the prevalence and use patterns of IQOS and other tobacco- and nicotine-containing products use in these 3 markets following the commercialization of IQOS. This study describes the protocol of the surveys. OBJECTIVE The objectives of these surveys are to estimate the prevalence of tobacco- and nicotine-containing products use; describe past and current patterns of use; and explore their associations with self-reported health, motivation to use, risk perceptions, and perceived aesthetic changes. METHODS The overall design of the surveys is similar in all 3 countries. Repeated cross-sectional surveys are being conducted annually over 3 consecutive years (2018 to 2020) and in 2 samples: a representative sample of the general population and a sample of IQOS users. A total of 6085 adults per year will be selected from the general population for each survey through multistage stratified sampling, and participants will respond to face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews. In addition, 1404, 1384, and 1246 IQOS users per year in Germany, Italy, and Greater London, respectively, will be randomly selected from the PMI IQOS user database and will be invited to complete the Web-based survey using computer-assisted self-interviews. The Smoking Questionnaire is used to assess the tobacco use patterns of the participants. RESULTS The recruitment of the general population sample began in March 2018 and that of the IQOS user sample began in April 2018. The data collection is ongoing, and the results of the first year data analysis are expected to be available by June 2019. CONCLUSIONS As the design of the 3 surveys is similar, the results will allow for cross-countries comparison of the prevalence of IQOS and other tobacco- and nicotine-containing products use as well as patterns of use and associated factors. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/12061

scholarly journals Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L and the reworded QOLIBRI-OS in the general population of Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Long ◽  
Suzanne Polinder ◽  
Gouke J. Bonsel ◽  
Juanita A. Haagsma
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Summary Index ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Eq Vas

Abstract Purpose To assess the test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L and the reworded Quality of Life After Traumatic Brain Injury Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS) for the general population of Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods The sample contains 1864 members of the general population (aged 18–75 years) of Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK who completed a web-based questionnaire at two consecutive time points. The survey included items on gender, age, level of education, occupational status, household annual income, chronic health status, and the EQ-5D-5L and reworded QOLIBRI-OS instrument. Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D-5L summary index, EQ VAS, reworded QOLIBRI-OS dimensions and reworded QOLIBRI-OS level sum score was examined by Gwet’s Agreement Coefficient (Gwet’s AC) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results Gwet’s AC ranged from 0.64 to 0.97 for EQ-5D-5L dimensions. The ICC ranged from 0.73 to 0.84 for the EQ-5D-5L summary index and 0.61 to 0.68 for EQ VAS in the three countries. Gwet’s AC ranged from 0.35 to 0.55 for reworded QOLIBRI-OS dimensions in the three countries. The ICC ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 for reworded QOLIBRI-OS level sum score. Conclusion Test–retest reliability of the EQ-5D-5L administered via a web-based questionnaire was substantial to almost perfect for the EQ-5D-5L dimensions, good for EQ-5D-5L summary index, and moderate for the EQ VAS. However, test–retest reliability was less satisfactory for the reworded QOLIBRI-OS. This indicates that the web-based EQ-5D-5L is a reliable instrument for the general population, but further research of the reworded QOLIBRI-OS is required.

scholarly journals Subjective Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Schizotypy and General Mental Health in Germany and the United Kingdom, for Independent Samples in May and in October 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Daimer ◽  
Lorenz Mihatsch ◽  
Lisa Ronan ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Franziska Knolle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

Studies reported a strong impact on mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March–June, 2020. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on mental health in general and on schizotypal traits in two independent general population samples of the United Kingdom (May sample N: 239, October sample N: 126; participation at both timepoints: 21) and in two independent general population samples of Germany (May sample N: 543, October sample N: 401; participation at both timepoints: 100) using online surveys. Whereas general psychological symptoms (global symptom index, GSI) and percentage of responders above clinical cut-off for further psychological investigation were higher in the May sample compared to the October sample, schizotypy scores (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire) were higher in the October sample. We investigated potential associations, using general linear regression models (GLM). For schizotypy scores, we found that loneliness, use of drugs, and financial burden were more strongly corrected with schizotypy in the October compared to the May sample. We identified similar associations for GSI, as for schizotypy scores, in the May and October samples. We furthermore found that living in the United Kingdom was related to higher schizotypal scores or GSI. However, individual estimates of the GLM are highly comparable between the two countries. In conclusion, this study shows that while the general psychological impact is lower in the October than the May sample, potentially showing a normative response to an exceptional situation; schizotypy scores are higher at the second timepoint, which may be due to a stronger impact of estimates of loneliness, drug use, and financial burden. The ongoing, exceptional circumstances within this pandemic might increase the risk for developing psychosis in some individuals. The development of general psychological symptoms and schizotypy scores over time requires further attention and investigation.

scholarly journals Qualitative Evaluation of Web-Based Digital Intervention to Prevent and Reduce Excessive Alcohol Use and Harm Among Young People Aged 14-15 Years: A “Think-Aloud” Study

10.2196/19749 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e19749
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Tinner ◽  
Eileen Kaner ◽  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Siobhan Mitchell ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Background In the United Kingdom, despite some downward trends in alcohol use among young people, over one-fifth of young people reported excessive alcohol use in the past month, which is associated with short- and long-term harm to health. Digital interventions to reduce alcohol use, such as websites, among young people present an appealing and cost-effective mode of intervention that can be integrated into the education system. However, relatively few school-based digital alcohol-focused interventions have been developed and evaluated for young people in the United Kingdom. Objective This study aims to develop a novel web-based intervention, Rethink Alcohol, to prevent and reduce excessive alcohol use and related harm among young people aged between 14 and 15 years, and explore the views of young people, teachers, and youth workers in relation to the content, design, and usability of the intervention. Methods Intervention development followed the person-based approach, using theories of social norms and social influence. Qualitative “Think-Aloud” interviews, either one-to-one or paired, were conducted while participants perused and worked through the web-based intervention, talking aloud. Participants included 20 young people (12 female, 8 male), 5 youth workers (4 female, 1 male), 3 teachers (2 male, 1 female), and 1 (male) clinical professional, recruited via youth groups and professional networks. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results The prototype web-based intervention included normative feedback, information, a quiz, interactive activities, and scenarios. On a rating scale of impressions from poor (1) to excellent (5), participants gave an average score of 3.6/5. A total of 5 themes were identified: content, credibility of the website, making the website easy to understand, design and navigation, and suitability for the audience. These themes reflected views that the content was interesting, credible, informative, and embodied a neutral and nonjudgmental tone, but stronger messaging was needed regarding social pressures and short-term risks regarding safety and risk behavior alongside clarity around pathways of risk; credibility and trustworthiness of information were critical features, determined in part, by the professionalism of design and referencing of sources of information provided; and messages should be succinct and come to life through design and interactive features. Conclusions Together, the data illustrated the importance and challenge of communicating nuanced alcohol-focused public health messages to young people in concise, clear, nonjudgmental, and appealing ways. Young people report interest in clear, credible, neutral, and interactive messages regarding social pressures and short-term risks of alcohol use via a web-based intervention. There is scope for optimization and feasibility testing of the Rethink Alcohol intervention.

Camorra Clans in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felia Allum
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Criminal Groups

This chapter discusses the Camorra's presence in the United Kingdom. Mafia and Camorra members and their associates have been present and active in the United Kingdom for some time. However, their specific organizational structures, activities, and accomplices remain unknown. This is often because British police have not investigated mafia members, since they have not officially broken English or Scottish law, and thus the police profile is minimal. Clan members may be involved in illegal activities, but they remain below the radar of local police. For example, in 2013, a local police force identified six criminal groups made up of Italian nationals engaging in money laundering, economic and web-based fraud, violent criminal activity, organized theft, and drug-related activities, but only one was identified as having possible links to an Italian mafia group, whereas the others were not systematically investigated.

A Multicentre General Practice Evaluation of Syndol in Tension Headache

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
J F Donald ◽  
M S Gatley ◽  
G Kagan ◽  
G B Leslie ◽  
R H G McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
General Practice ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Population ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Codeine Phosphate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Highly Effective

In a multicentre evaluation in general practice involving 104 patients, Syndol, a formulation containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate, caffeine, and doxylamine succinate, was shown to be highly effective in treating the organic and psychogenic symptoms of Tension Headache in 81·7% of patients. The evaluation was performed in six widely differing practices in the United Kingdom. The result confirms the findings of other investigators in South Africa both in the efficacy of the drug and the incidence of Tension Headache in the general population. Drowsiness was the most common side-effect, indicating that the formulation provided sufficient calmative activity, especially in those patients where tension was a major component of their symptoms.

Operative training in otolaryngology in the United Kingdom: A specialist registrar survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Georgalas ◽  
Edward Hadjihannas ◽  
Khalid Ghufoor ◽  
Paul Pracy ◽  
Michael Papesch
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Specialist Registrar ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Training Standards ◽  
General Training ◽  
Satisfaction Rates

Objective: To assess the current status of operative training for otolaryngology specialist registrars in the United Kingdom.Design: Web-based questionnaire survey.Participants: All otolaryngology specialist registrars in the United Kingdom.Main outcome measures: The overall satisfaction with operative training was assessed as wellas the number of operations performed and level of competency in stage-specific procedures, as defined by the Joint Committee for Higher Specialist Training.Results: Otolaryngology specialist registrars are generally satisfied with the quality of their operative training. The most important predictive factor of satisfaction with operative training was the number of theatre sessions per week. The vast majority of registrars (92 per centby the end of year one, 73 per cent at the end of years two to four) appear to attain all the stage-appropriate surgical competencies during the first four years. However, with respect to the last two years of registrar training, only 26 per cent can perform all the designated (complex) procedures. There are no significant differences between deaneries or geographic regions in the overall satisfaction rates, number of operative sessions, number of operations performedor operative competencies attained.Conclusion: It appears that the Specialist Advisory Committee (SAC) is generally successful in maintaining common operative training standards and providing a homogenous training environment. During the first four years registrars attain an appropriate level of general training while the last two years are mainly devoted to subspecialty interests.

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