Evaluation of Bio Complementary Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth of Rice in Rice Blackgram cropping Sequence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Thiagarajan ◽  
E Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crop Sequence

Field experiments were conducted to develop the suitable organic farming package for rice-blackgram crop sequence. Treatments consisting green manure @6.25 t ha-1+split application of vermicompost @ 4t ha-1 in four equal splits (basal, AT,PIand F) + Panchagavya @ 3% as foliar spray twice (AT and PI) recorded significantly high number of tillers and highest plant height, dry matter production, root length, root volume and root dry weight over rest of the treatments. The recommended practice also recorded relatively, more number of tillers,leaves hill-1, higher plant height, dry matter production, root length, root volume and root dry weight which is on par with the aforesaid treatment.Therefore the application of green manure @6.25 t ha-1+split application of vermicompost @ 4t ha-1 in four equal splits (basal, AT, PI and F) + Panchagavya @ 3% as foliar spray twice (AT and PI) can be recommended for adoption in organic cultivation of rice- black gram crop sequence grown organically.

scholarly journals Evaluation of growth and yield of selected hybrid and inbred rice varieties grown in net-house during transplanted aman season

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
M SH Islam ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
AR Gomosta ◽  
AR Sarkar ◽  
MM Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Pot experiments were conducted during T. aman 2001 and 2002 (wet season) at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in net house. Hybrid variety Sonarbangla-1 and inbred modern variety BRRI dhan-31 were used in both the seasons and BRRI hybrid dhan-l was used in 2002. The main objective of the experiments was to compare the growth and yield behaviour of hybrid and inbred rice varieties under controlled condition. In 2001, BRRI dhan-3l had about 10-15% higher plant height, very similar tillers/plant, 15-25% higher leaf area at all days after transplanting (DAT) compared to Sonarbangla-1. Sonarbangla- 1 had about 40% higher dry matter production at 25 DAT but had very similar dry matter production at 50 and 75 DAT, 4-11% higher rooting depth at all DATs, about 22% higher root dry weight at 25 DAT, but 5-10% lower root dry weight at 50 and 75 DAT compared to BRRI dhan-31. The photosynthetic rate was higher (20 μ mol m-2/sec-1) in BRRI dhan-3l at 35 DAT (maximum tillering stage) but at 65 DAT, Sonarbangla-l had higher photosynthetic rate of 19.5 μ mol m-2 sec-1. BRRI dhan-3l had higher panicles/plant than Sonarbangla-1, but Sonarbangla-1 had higher number of grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield than BRRI dhan-31. In 2002, BRRI dhan-31 had the highest plant height at 25 DAT, but at 75 DAT, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest plant height. Sonarbangla-1 had the largest leaf area at 25 and 50 DAT followed by BRRI dhan-31, but at 75 DAT, BRRI dhan-31 had the largest leaf area. The highest shoot dry matter was observed in BRRI dhan-31 followed by Sonarbangla-1 at all DATs. Sonarbangla-1 had the highest rooting depth and root dry weight at all DATs. BRRI dhan-31 gave the highest number of panicles/plant followed by Sonarbangla-I, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest grains/panicle followed by BRRI dhan-31 and Sonarbangla-I had the highest 1000-grain weight followed by BRRI dhan-31. The highest amount of grains/plant (34.6 g) was obtained from BRRI dhan-31. Key Words: Shoot dry matter; root dry weight; leaf area; photosynthesis; grain yield. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5755Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 67-73, March 2009

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Varietas Dyxp Dumpy pada Kondisi Stres Air di Pembibitan Awal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wagino Wagino ◽  
Sri Murti Tarigan ◽  
Eka Bobby Febrianto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Wet Weight

<p>Global climate exchange especially rainfallspurs the growth of oil palm adapt to environmental conditions, so the development of oil palm plantations requires seeds that are able to adapt well in drought conditions.This study aims to determine whether water stress affects the growth of oil palm seedlings and sees the response of the level of resistance of oil palm seeds to drought stress.This research was carried out in the greenhouse garden experiment Medan STIPAP was conducted from January to June 2018. This study used Non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consisted of 3 levels, 3 samples and 3 replications. Parameters to be observed were plant height, stem base diameter, leaf number, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, root length, stomatal density and number of stomata.The results showed that the difference in giving A1 water (100%) was significantly different from A2 (60%) and A3 (20%) on the parameters of oil palm seedling growth especially for the parameters of plant height, root wet weight, root dry weight, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, root volume, and root length while the base diameter of the stem, number of leaves, stomatal density and number of stomata give no significant effect. Drought stress effected to reduce the growth of stem diameter.</p>

The effects of salt and boron on growth of wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Holloway ◽  
AM Alston
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Warigal) was grown in a glasshouse in deep pots (0.125 x 0.125 x 1.2 m) containing sieved solonized brown soil (calcixerollic xerochrept) comprising 0.2 m sandy loam topsoil above 0.6 m treated calcareous sandy loam subsoil and a base layer of light clay 0.26 m thick. The subsoil was treated with a mixture of salts (0, 13, 39, 75 mmolc kg-1) and with boric acid (0, 20, 38 and 73 mg B kg-1) in factorial combination. The soil was initially watered to field capacity and water use was determined by regularly weighing the pots. The soil was allowed to dry gradually during the season, but the weights of the pots were not permitted to fall below that corresponding to 17% of the available water holding capacity of the soil. Tillering, dry weight of shoots and grain, and root length density were determined. Water-use efficiency was calculated with respect to total dry weight and grain production. Salt decreased tillering, dry matter production, grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight): it increased sodium and decreased boron concentrations in the plants. Boron decreased dry matter production (but not tillering), grain yield, root length and water-use efficiency (total dry weight and grain yield): it increased the concentrations of boron and decreased the concentration of sodium in the plants. At the concentrations of salt and boron used (which cover the range normally encountered in subsoils in much of Upper Eyre Peninsula), boron had more deleterious effects on wheat than did salt. Yield was depressed by salt at concentrations of sodium in the tissue commonly found in field-grown plants.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought Adaptive Mechanism on Root and Root Associated Trait of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
S. R. Sahana ◽  
B. Mohanraju ◽  
K. R. Rekha ◽  
H. R. Raveendra ◽  
C. R. Nagesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Matter Production

Roots play a vital role in plants for a wide variety of processes, including nutrient and water uptake, anchoring and mechanical support. Some phenomenal literature supports several root characters which have relevance for stress adaptation. Root characteristics such as root length density, rooting depth and root distribution have been established as constituting factors of drought resistance. Under drought situation, roots can adapt to continued growth while at the same time, sending signals to shoot that exhibit growth an above ground parts of the plant. Development of plants with deep roots may in fact stimulate photosynthetic yields as these are considered to be more controlled by the carbon sinks of plants. In this context a field experiment was conducted during Kharif -2014 in the Department of Crop Physiology, to know the effect and variations in mutants of Rice for root and root associated traits along with growth and productivity besides a few relevant drought adaptive traits. The result revealed that, the root length ranged from 24.46 cm to 38.00 cm with a mean of 32.40 cm, while wild Type recorded 32.33 cm. Similarly, the root volume and root weight recorded 21.67cc to 65cc with a mean 35.51cc and 4 g to as high as 34.30 g with a mean of 17.13g when compared to Wild Type (27.92 cc and 18.49g respectively). The total dry matter production ranged from 16.39 g-1plant to 92.12 g-1plant with a mean of 52.73 g-1 plant while, the Wild type had a total dry matter production of 55.12 g-1plant. Mutants shows significant variations in root length, root volume, root weight and total dry matter production as compared to wild type and also observe the significant variation among the mutant. These mutants with higher growth character associated with root traits are potential mutant lines for further crop improvement programme.

scholarly journals Performance of pearl millet genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions at Hisar, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Yadav ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Jagdev Singh ◽  
R.D. Jat ◽  
H.S. Jat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was carried out at Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to evaluate the performance of pearl millet genotypes (HHB 67 ‘Improved’, HHB 197, HHB 223 and HHB 234) under different environment (rainfed and irrigated). Results showed that irrigated condition recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, root dry weight, ear head girth, test weight and yield of pearl millet than rainfed condition. Root length was significantly (p < 0.05) higher under rainfedthan irrigated condition. Genotypes were found significant (p < 0.05) with respect to plant height at harvest and HHB 234 recorded higher plant height. Genotype HHB 223 recorded higher earhead girth (2.6 cm) and test weight (11.16 g) compared to other genotypes. Interaction effect was also found significant (p < 0.05) with respect to plant height, dry matter accumulation, root length and weight and yield. These were higher in genotype HHB 223 and HHB 234 under irrigated and rainfed condition respectively but at 20 days after sowing, longest root was observed in genotype HHB 67 ‘Improved’ under rainfed condition and genotype HHB 197 under irrigated condition. To examine the performance of pearl millet genotypes in terms of survivality and yield potential, evaluation trials are necessary under different environment. Therefore, release of those varieties under different situations are essential for the sustainability of the fragile arid and semi arid regions of country.

scholarly journals UJI KONSENTRASI PUPUK GANDASIL D DAN GA (Gibberillic Acid) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT BERANGAN (Castaneae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Blade Root ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Study on Fertilizer Concentration Test of Gandasil D and GA (Gibberillic Acid) to the Growth of Seedling Berangan (Castaneae)", was carried out at the shading net of Islamic University of Riau. The aim of this study was to obtain a combination of Gandasil D and GA concentration that gives the best effect on the growth of chestnut seeds in polybags. The Completely Randomize Design was used in this study with factorial which consisted of two factors and three replications. The first factor is the provision Gandasil D, consists of four standards, namely: D0 (without Gandasil D), D1 (Gandasil D 1 g / l water), D2 (Gandasil D 2 g / l water), and D3 (Gandasil D 3 g/l water). The second factor is the application of GA, 19 consisting of four standard, namely: G0 (without GA), G1 (GA 10 mg/l water), G2 (GA 20 mg/l water), G3 (GA 30 mg/l water). The parameters measured were plant height (cm), number of leaves (blade), root length (cm), root volume (cm3), plant dry weight (grams). Data were statistically analyzed using BNJ-up and test at the level of 5%. The results in the interaction of Gandasil D and GA significantly affected the volume of roots with the best treatment of D3G3. In the single application, Gandasil D significantly affected plant height, root volume, and dry weight of plants with the best treatment was the treatment of D3 (3 g/l). In a single application, GA significantly affected plant height, root length, root volume and dry weight of plants with the best treatment is the treatment of G3 (30 mg / l).

scholarly journals Evaluation of morphological characteristics in Venezuelan maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under drought stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Camacho ◽  
D.F. Caraballo
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the responses among 10 maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes under drought stress. Seeds were planted in washed sand in plastic pots. The research was established in a completely random design with ten treatments and three replicate pots. The plants were harvested four weeks after sowning, and leaf area per plant (LA), root volume (RV), longest root length (LRL), plant height (PH), fresh (RFW) and dry weight (ROW) of roots, shoot dry weight (SOW), RDW/SDW ratio, and total dry matter production (TDM) were determined. Significant varietal differences for all characters were found, except for LRL. The data obtained allowed to identify Cargill-163 as a poor genotype at low water supply. Danac-3006, FM-6, Sefloarca-91, Ceniap PB-8, and Tocorón-300 hybrids showed the best behaviour in terms of RDW/SDW ratio and root volume. On the other hand, root dry weight was identified as the best indicator and easiest characteristic to determine the drought-tolerance of maize plant.

Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Growth and Development of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Matter Production

Sicklepod was grown in controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 19/11 to 34/26 C. Maximum dry weight, leaf area, plant height, node number, and leaf number after 46 d occurred at 29/26 and 34/26 C. Temperatures of 29/21 C or lower reduced dry weight by more than 50%. Leaf number, leaf weight, and leaf area were more sensitive to changes in day temperature, whereas plant height and root, stem, and total dry weight were more sensitive to night temperature. Dry matter production was more closely correlated with leaf area duration than with its other component, net assimilation rate. Leaf appearance rate and dry matter production were linearly related to average daily temperature. The low-temperature threshold for leaf production was 13 ± 1 C. Observations of plant development in photoperiods ranging from 10 to 16 h confirmed that sicklepod is a short-day plant with a critical day length of 13 to 14 h. No reproductive development occurred in photoperiods of 15 or 16 h. Seedlings that emerged in 10-h photoperiods required more than 1-wk exposure to short days to initiate and continue reproductive development. Plants from a North Carolina population flowered earlier than plants from a Florida population in photoperiods of 12, 13, or 14 h, but in an 11-h photoperiod the two populations flowered at the same time.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Woolly Cupgrass on the Antioxidative System and Growth of a Maize Hybrid

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Arnold Szilágyi ◽  
László Radócz ◽  
Mária Takácsné Hájos ◽  
Csaba Juhász ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass

Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth) is a new invasive weed in Hungary. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this weed on the biochemistry and growth of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Armagnac) under greenhouse conditions. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein were measured in the shoots and roots, whereas the content of the photosynthetic pigments was measured only in the shoots. The measured growth parameters included plant height, root length, root volume, root and shoot dry weight, and stem diameter. Results showed the allelopathic effects of woolly cupgrass on maize, with significant decreases in plant height, root length, root volume, and root dry weight. Woolly cupgrass infestation (WCI) induced significantly higher activities of APX and SOD in the shoots, whereas POD was only induced in the roots. The contents of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll (including relative chlorophyll), carotenoids, and root protein were substantially reduced by WCI, except for the leaf chlorophyll-b. The results suggest that high APX and SOD activities in the shoots could be involved in stabilizing the leaf chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll a/b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight because all of these parameters were not inhibited when these two enzymes were induced. In contrast, high activity of POD in the roots is not effective in counteracting allelopathy. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to further investigate if an increase in the activities of APX and SOD in the shoots of WCI maize is responsible for stabilizing leaf chlorophyll-b, shoot protein, and shoot dry weight, which could contribute to improved maize yield under WCI.

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