Sleep Quality among Primary Care Attendees in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu ◽  
Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf ◽  
Solomon Olusola Adeyemi ◽  
Aderonke Olawunmi Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Relation of severe COVID-19 to polypharmacy and prescribing of psychotropic drugs: the REACT-SCOT case-control study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McKeigue ◽  
◽  
Sharon Kennedy ◽  
Amanda Weir ◽  
Jen Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of severe COVID-19 to prior drug prescribing. Methods Severe cases were defined by entry to critical care or fatal outcome. For this matched case-control study (REACT-SCOT), all 4251 cases of severe COVID-19 in Scotland since the start of the epidemic were matched for age, sex and primary care practice to 36,738 controls from the population register. Records were linked to hospital discharges since June 2015 and dispensed prescriptions issued in primary care during the last 240 days. Results Severe COVID-19 was strongly associated with the number of non-cardiovascular drug classes dispensed. This association was strongest in those not resident in a care home, in whom the rate ratio (95% CI) associated with dispensing of 12 or more drug classes versus none was 10.8 (8.8, 13.3), and in those without any of the conditions designated as conferring increased risk of COVID-19. Of 17 drug classes postulated at the start of the epidemic to be “medications compromising COVID”, all were associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 and these associations were present in those without any of the designated risk conditions. The fraction of cases in the population attributable to exposure to these drug classes was 38%. The largest effect was for antipsychotic agents: rate ratio 4.18 (3.42, 5.11). Other drug classes with large effects included proton pump inhibitors (rate ratio 2.20 (1.72, 2.83) for = 2 defined daily doses/day), opioids (3.66 (2.68, 5.01) for = 50 mg morphine equivalent/day) and gabapentinoids. These associations persisted after adjusting for covariates and were stronger with recent than with non-recent exposure. Conclusions Severe COVID-19 is associated with polypharmacy and with drugs that cause sedation, respiratory depression, or dyskinesia; have anticholinergic effects; or affect the gastrointestinal system. These associations are not easily explained by co-morbidity. Measures to reduce the burden of mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 should include reinforcing existing guidance on reducing overprescribing of these drug classes and limiting inappropriate polypharmacy. Registration ENCEPP number https://EUPAS35558

scholarly journals Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Srishti Nanda ◽  
Suvercha Arya ◽  
Uma Kumar ◽  
Ratna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Corticomotor Excitability ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

scholarly journals Risk of prostate cancer associated with benign prostate disease: a primary care case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (592) ◽  
pp. e684-e691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Buckley ◽  
Marie Carmela M Lapitan ◽  
Colin R Simpson ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Assessment of Sleep Quality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Şemsinnur Göçer ◽  
Ramazan Önalan ◽  
Tekin Yıldırım ◽  
Yunus Hacımusalar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Prediction of Chronicity in Patients with Acute and Sub-Acute Non-Specific Low Back Pain and Associated Risk Factors: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi ◽  
Mohammad Ghasemi ◽  
Ali Ghanjal ◽  
Mojtaba Sepandi ◽  
Ahmad Soltanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Fear Avoidance Beliefs ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in different countries that people of any age can experience many times. This study aimed to predict the chronicity of non-specific acute and sub-acute LBP and related risk factors among cases referred to physiotherapy clinics.Methods: This case-control study was performed among 420 patients suffered from acute, sub-acute and chronic LBP referred to two physiotherapy centers in Tehran-Iran in 2020. Data were obtained using the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Pain Catastrophic Scale (PCS-13), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Walker's Health-Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Data analysis was performed by applying independent sample t-test, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression in SPSS software version 25. IBM Amos version 22 was employed for path analysis.Results: The mean age and body mass index in all patients were 43.94 ± 6.72 years and 25.69 ± 3.54 kg.m-2, respectively. It was found that some demographic parameters (i.e. weight, BMI, job, type of occupational task performance, history of low back pain, work shift, underlying diseases and income), some cognitive parameters ( i.e. fear-avoidance beliefs, kinesiophobia, catastrophic pain, and depression), some lifestyle parameters (i.e. health responsibility, physical activity and interpersonal relationships), sleep quality and pain related disability were among the most critical risk factors in the chronicity of acute and sub-acute LBP (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Personal, psychological, and psychosocial parameters can be among the most critical predictors in the chronicity of acute and sub-acute non-specific LBP. Hence, paying attention to all the mentioned factors at the beginning of patients' treatment to create a targeted treatment algorithm and prevent the conversion of acute and sub-acute into chronic LBP has particular importance.

scholarly journals Presentation to primary care during the prodrome of type 1 diabetes in childhood: A case‐control study using record data linkage

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Julia Townson ◽  
Rebecca Cannings‐John ◽  
Nick Francis ◽  
Dan Thayer ◽  
John W. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes In Childhood ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Control Study

The influence of sleep quality on the development of periocular hyperchromia: a case‐control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1760-1767
Author(s):  
Carolina Rocha Barone ◽  
Juliana Catucci Boza ◽  
Gabriel Challub Pires ◽  
Paula Perusato Pereira ◽  
Tania Ferreira Cestari
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study
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