“Almost the Copy of My Child That'S Dead”: Shakespeare and the Loss of Hamnet

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keverne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Creative Fiction ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Family Division ◽  
Over Time

This article emphasizes the importance of studies which look at changes and similarities in mourning over time. It argues that relevant evidence can come from creative fiction as well as from other sources, provided that this is analyzed rigorously in terms of structures and patterns. As an illustration of this approach, it examines the evidence in recurring features of Shakespeare's plays that his writing was deeply and lastingly affected by the death of his only son Hamnet, a twin, at the age of 11, and identifies five motifs which support this interpretation: the resurrected child or sibling; androgynous and twin-like figures; a growing emphasis on father-daughter relationships; paternal guilt; family division and reunion. The article suggests that this approach could be applied to other instances where a body of creative writing shows traces of overt or buried grief.

scholarly journals Phasic arousal suppresses biases in mice and humans across domains of decision-making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. de Gee ◽  
K. Tsetsos ◽  
L. Schwabe ◽  
A.E. Urai ◽  
D. A. McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Sound Detection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Decisions are often made by accumulating ambiguous evidence over time. The brain’s arousal systems are activated during such decisions. In previous work in humans, we showed that evoked responses of arousal centers during decisions are reported by rapid dilations of the pupil, and predict a suppression of biases in the accumulation of decision-relevant evidence (de Gee et al. 2017). Here, we show that this arousal-related suppression in decision bias acts on both conservative and liberal biases, and generalizes across species (humans / mice), sensory systems (visual / auditory), and domains of decision-making (perceptual / memory-based). In challenging sound-detection tasks, the impact of spontaneous or experimentally induced choice biases was reduced under high arousal. Similar bias suppression occurred when evidence was drawn from memory. All these behavioral effects were explained by reduced evidence accumulation biases. Our results pinpoint a general principle of the interplay between phasic arousal and decision-making.

scholarly journals Pupil-linked phasic arousal predicts a reduction of choice bias across species and decision domains

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Willem de Gee ◽  
Konstantinos Tsetsos ◽  
Lars Schwabe ◽  
Anne E Urai ◽  
David McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Sound Detection ◽  
Choice Bias ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Decisions are often made by accumulating ambiguous evidence over time. The brain’s arousal systems are activated during such decisions. In previous work in humans, we found that evoked responses of arousal systems during decisions are reported by rapid dilations of the pupil and track a suppression of biases in the accumulation of decision-relevant evidence (de Gee et al., 2017). Here, we show that this arousal-related suppression in decision bias acts on both conservative and liberal biases, and generalizes from humans to mice, and from perceptual to memory-based decisions. In challenging sound-detection tasks, the impact of spontaneous or experimentally induced choice biases was reduced under high phasic arousal. Similar bias suppression occurred when evidence was drawn from memory. All of these behavioral effects were explained by reduced evidence accumulation biases. Our results point to a general principle of interplay between phasic arousal and decision-making.

Effect of creative writing on mood in patients with cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjia Zhu ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Aditya Joshi ◽  
Cristina I Truica ◽  
Darya Nesterova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Creative Writing ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Writing Workshops ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Creative Writing Workshops ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of conducting creative writing workshops (CWW) for patients with cancer to promote improvement in mood.MethodWe piloted a prospective study to determine the feasibility of conducting CWW over a 4-week period. Patients were randomised 2:1 to either an intervention arm (IA) or to standard of care (SOC). Patients in the IA attended four 2-hour long weekly CWW × 4 weeks, whereas those receiving SOC did not participate in the CWW. We used a validated emotion thermometer scale (ETS) to assess changes in patient’s mental health before and after intervention. Patients with metastatic or unresectable cancer were included.Primary endpoint(1) Feasibility and (2) mood scores before and after CWW using ETS.ResultsA total of 16 patients were enrolled: 11 in the IA vs 5 in SOC. Seven out of 11 (63%) patients enrolled in the IA attended at least 75% of classes. Patients in the IA showed a trend towards mood improvement relative to the SOC when comparing initial and final ETS scores. Within the IA group significantly lower postclass total ETS scores were observed relative to preclass ETS scores. Also, a significant decreasing trend over time was observed in the preclass total ETS scores for participants in the IA group.ConclusionsIt is feasible for patients with cancer to attend CWW. Our results also show a positive effect on mood in the CWW arm. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of this intervention in patients with cancer.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY CREATIVE FICTION WRITING SOCIAL AND HOMELAND ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Nesrine ATTIA ◽  
Kantaoui MOHAMED
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Creative Fiction ◽  
Narrative Story ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Contemporary Writing

The narrative story has evolved from its precursor, when the old myths are shattered, in which the new novel has become a text with numerous cultural formats within its contents. Fragmentation and separation have been two of the most significant aspects of modern creative writing. In order to grasp the evolving reality, novelists must assume new creative forms in which the reader joins the realms of secrecy and marginalization. Those looking for the positions of the novelist critics will notice that contemporary writing has occupied a distinguished position due to the issues it raises regarding humanity and the homeland and pushing its readers to become conscious and understand what is lacking. The issues of the homeland have become thorny issues due to the imagination of the novelist and his intellectuality. It became more and more evident. The novel, with its transformation and development in content and structure, has become an autonomous literary genre that hides complex topics beyond the words. Its reader must search for distinct critical mechanisms to read it and decode its words. Hence, contemporary novelists did not write fictional texts arbitrarily. But, behind every text there was a significance and a human issue affecting the community whose conditions deteriorated socially and politically. From the above, we will try, in this research paper, to dig into the depth of the issue and reveal the features of the contemporary fictional text and its marginalization. Perhaps the most important question is: Did contemporary creative writing really contribute to educating societies? And revealed the issues that are absent and marginalized? Will the continuation of this type of writing change and solve the nation's crises? In order to answer these questions, we have to research contemporary creative writing and dive into the most important cultural, social, political and even ideological systems.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unitary Concept ◽  
Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

Treatment Fidelity Procedures for an Aphasia Intervention Within a Randomized Controlled Trial: Design, Feasibility, and Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1S) ◽  
pp. 412-424
Author(s):  
Elissa L. Conlon ◽  
Emily J. Braun ◽  
Edna M. Babbitt ◽  
Leora R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Fidelity ◽  
Protocol Adherence ◽  
Study Condition ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Percent Accuracy ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study reports on the treatment fidelity procedures implemented during a 5-year randomized controlled trial comparing intensive and distributed comprehensive aphasia therapy. Specifically, the results of 1 treatment, verb network strengthening treatment (VNeST), are examined. Method Eight participants were recruited for each of 7 consecutive cohorts for a total of 56 participants. Participants completed 60 hr of aphasia therapy, including 15 hr of VNeST. Two experienced speech-language pathologists delivered the treatment. To promote treatment fidelity, the study team developed a detailed manual of procedures and fidelity checklists, completed role plays to standardize treatment administration, and video-recorded all treatment sessions for review. To assess protocol adherence during treatment delivery, trained research assistants not involved in the treatment reviewed video recordings of a subset of randomly selected VNeST treatment sessions and completed the fidelity checklists. This process was completed for 32 participants representing 2 early cohorts and 2 later cohorts, which allowed for measurement of protocol adherence over time. Percent accuracy of protocol adherence was calculated across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition (intensive vs. distributed therapy). Results The fidelity procedures were sufficient to promote and verify a high level of adherence to the treatment protocol across clinicians, cohorts, and study condition. Conclusion Treatment fidelity strategies and monitoring are feasible when incorporated into the study design. Treatment fidelity monitoring should be completed at regular intervals during the course of a study to ensure that high levels of protocol adherence are maintained over time and across conditions.

Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Multidisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinciya Pandian ◽  
Thai Tran Nguyen ◽  
Marek Mirski ◽  
Nasir Islam Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The techniques of performing a tracheostomy has transformed over time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is gaining popularity over open tracheostomy given its advantages and as a result the number of bedside tracheostomies has increased necessitating the need for a Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program. The Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is a comprehensive service that provides care to patients before, during, and after a tracheostomy with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at decreasing complications. Education is provided to patients, families, and health-care professionals who are involved in the management of a tracheostomy. Ongoing prospective data collection serves as a tool for Quality Assurance.

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