Parental Grief after a Child'S Drug Death Compared to other Death Causes: Investigating a Greatly Neglected Bereavement Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
John R. Jordan ◽  
Bernard S. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Natural Death ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Drug Death ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Suicide Bereaved ◽  
Death Causes

This comparative survey contrasted 571 parents who lost children to various death causes: 48 to drug-related deaths and overdoses, 462 to suicide, 24 to natural death cases, and 37 to mostly accidental death cases. Groups were compared in terms of grief difficulties, mental health problems, posttraumatic stress, and stigmatization. Results did not show any appreciable differences in these respects between the suicide bereaved parents and those losing children to drug-related deaths. However, when the suicide and drug-related death survivors were specifically contrasted against accidental and natural death loss cases, a consistent pattern emerged showing the former group was consistently more troubled by grief and mental health problems than the latter two sub-groups. These differences remained when controls of time since the loss and gender differences were employed as covariates. These findings suggest that the powerful and intense stigma against drug use and mental illness, shared among the public-at-large, imposes challenges in healing of immense proportion for these parents as they find less compassionate responses from their significant others, following their losses.

Successful Reintegration and Mental Health: An Examination of Gender Differences Among Reentering Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Bakken ◽  
Christy A. Visher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
And Gender

Men and women exiting the correctional system represent a population at high risk for mental health problems, and the body of research on the mental health needs of former prisoners is growing. These mental health problems pose challenges for individuals at every stage of the criminal justice process, from arrest to incarceration to reentry and reintegration. This article examines the mental health status and gender differences among a sample of 352 men and women leaving confinement and the role that mental health problems played in shaping their reentry outcomes using data collected between 2002 and 2005. In the year after leaving prison, men and women with mental health problems reported worse health indicators and less satisfactory social factors, such as employment, housing, and family support. The article concludes with a discussion of recommendations for improved policy and practice for assisting former prisoners with mental health problems during reintegration.

Promoting and Protecting Mental Health: A Delphi Consensus Study for Actionable Public Mental Health Messages

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712199853
Author(s):  
Josefien J. F. Breedvelt ◽  
Jade Yap ◽  
Dorien D. Eising ◽  
David D. Ebert ◽  
Filip Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Actions

Purpose: Public health campaigns are still relatively rare in mental health. This paper aims to find consensus on the preventive self-management actions (i.e. “healthy behaviors”) for common mental health problems (e.g. depression and anxiety) that should be recommended in mental health campaigns directed at the general public. Approach: A 3-round Delphi study Participants: 23 international experts in mental health and 1447 members of the public, most of whom had lived experience of mental health problems. Method: The modified Delphi study combined quantitative and qualitative data collection: 1) online qualitative survey data collection thematically analyzed, 2) recommendations rated for consensus, 3) consensus items rated by public panel on a Likert scale. Results: Expert consensus was reached on 15 behaviors that individuals can engage in to sustain mental health. Eight were rated as appropriate by more than half (50%) of the public panel, including: avoiding illicit drugs (80%, n = 1154), reducing debt (72%, n = 1043), improving sleep (69%, n = 1000), regulating mood (65%, n = 941), having things to look forward to (60%, n = 869). Conclusions: A series of healthy behaviors for the promotion and protection of mental health received expert and public consensus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to offer a set of actions for public health messaging for the prevention of poor mental health. Future research should focus on evaluating effectiveness of these actions in a universal primary prevention context.

scholarly journals Sickness absences among young employees in private and public sectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Narusyte ◽  
P Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
The Public

Abstract Background Mental health problems among young adults is a public health problem as well as increasing work incapacity in terms of sickness absence (SA) due to mental diagnoses in Sweden. SA levels among those working in the public sector tend to exceed those working in the private sector. Knowledge is however lacking on whether experiencing mental health problems in young years can contribute to the association. The aim was to examine the association between type of employment and sickness absence among women and men, also adjusting for previously experienced depression and anxiety as well as for familial factors. Methods The study included data on 25,496 twins born in Sweden 1959-1990. Information on depression and anxiety as well as on type of employment was obtained from a web-based survey conducted in 2005. Twins were followed prospectively until 2013 through national register data on SA. Logistic regression analyses were run with adjustment for familial factors, such as common genetics and environmental factors related to the family. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are presented. Results Higher rates of SA in the public (59%) as compared to the private (50%) sector were observed among women. There were 29% and 30% of men in public and private sectors, respectively, that have had at least one SA spell during the follow-up. Preliminary results showed that working in the private sector was associated with a higher risk for future SA among women (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14-2.33) but not among men (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.41-1.07). The results changed only slightly after adjusting for previous depression or anxiety as well as for familial factors. Conclusions Higher rates of SA among women working in the public as compared to the private sector were not explained by previously experienced depression or anxiety disorders. Key messages Higher rates of SA were observed among women working in public as compared to private sector. Previously experienced depression and anxiety were of similar importance for future SA in both public and private sectors.

scholarly journals Biofeedback Intervention for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Graduate Students in Public Health Nursing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ratanasiripong ◽  
Orawan Kaewboonchoo ◽  
Nop Ratanasiripong ◽  
Suda Hanklang ◽  
Pornlert Chumchai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Nursing ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Nursing

Globally, graduate students have been found to have high prevalence of mental health problems. With increasing severity of mental health problems on university campuses and limited resources for mental health treatment, alternative interventions are needed. This study investigated the use of biofeedback training to help reduce symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. A sample of 60 graduate students in public health nursing was randomly assigned to either the biofeedback intervention or the control group. Results indicated that biofeedback intervention was effective in significantly reducing the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression over the 4-week period, while the control group had increases in symptoms of anxiety and depression over the same timeframe. As future leaders in the public health nursing arena, the more psychologically healthy the graduate students in public health nursing are, the better the public health nursing professionals they will be as they go forth to serve the community after graduation.

The economic impact of initiatives to reduce stigma: demonstration of a modelling approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McCrone ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Mary Henri ◽  
David McDaid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scottish Population ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
The Cost

SummaryAims– This paper seeks to provide a methodology to assess the cost-effectiveness of anti-stigma campaigns for people with mental health problems.Methods– The costs of running a national campaign in Scotland were obtained and combined with the number of adults in the Scottish population and the estimated number of people with improved attitudes towards people with mental health problems. A decision model was constructed to estimate the economic impact of a campaign in terms of increased use of services by people with depression and increased work time.Results– If the campaign caused 10% of changed attitudes then it was estimated to cost £35 per one less person who felt that people with mental health problems were dangerous and £186 per one less person who felt the public needs protection from people with mental health problems. The decision model suggested extra economic benefits (employment gains minus service costs) as a result of an anti-stigma campaign compared to the absence of a campaign.Conclusions– Data on the economic impact of anti-stigma campaigns are scarce and evaluation is intrinsically difficult. We have demonstrated a method to conduct such analyses. The model proposed here should be tested further as data become available.

scholarly journals Combining International Survey Datasets to Identify Indicators of Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Machine Learning Approach to Improve Generalization

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-738
Author(s):  
Eric Yunan Zhao ◽  
Daniel Xia ◽  
Mark Greenhalgh ◽  
Elena Colicino ◽  
Merylin Monaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Applied Machine Learning ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
And Gender

The scale and duration of the worldwide SARS-COVID-2 virus-related quarantine measures presented the global scientific community with a unique opportunity to study the accompanying psychological stress. Since March 2020, numerous publications have reported similar findings from diverse international studies on psychological stress, depression, and anxiety, which have increased during this pandemic. However, there remains a gap in interpreting the results from one country to another despite the global rise in mental health problems. The objective of our study was to identify global indicators of pandemic-related stress that traverse geographic and cultural boundaries. We amalgamated data from two independent global surveys across twelve countries and spanning four continents collected during the first wave of the mandated public health measures aimed at mitigating COVID-19. We applied machine learning (ML) modelling to these data, and the results revealed a significant positive correlation between PSS-10 scores and gender, relationship status, and groups. Confinement, fear of contagion, social isolation, financial hardship, etc., may be some reasons reported being the cause of the drastic increase in mental health problems worldwide. The decline of the typical protective factors (e.g., sleep, exercise, meditation) may have amplified existing vulnerabilities/co-morbidities (e.g., psychiatric history, age, gender). Our results further show that ML is an apropos tool to elucidate the underlying predictive factors in large, complex, heterogeneous datasets without invalidating the model assumptions. We believe our model provides clinicians, researchers, and decision-makers with evidence to investigate the moderators and mediators of stress and introduce novel interventions to mitigate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mental Health, Drug, and Violence Interventions for Sexual/Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Robert W. S. Coulter ◽  
James E. Egan ◽  
Suzanne Kinsky ◽  
M. Reuel Friedman ◽  
Kristen L. Eckstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Methodologic Quality ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Family Based ◽  
And Gender

CONTEXT Compared with cisgender (nontransgender), heterosexual youth, sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) experience great inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization, thereby making them a priority population for interventions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review interventions and their effectiveness in preventing or reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycINFO, and Education Resources Information Center. STUDY SELECTION Selected studies were published from January 2000 to 2019, included randomized and nonrandomized designs with pretest and posttest data, and assessed substance use, mental health problems, or violence victimization outcomes among SGMY. DATA EXTRACTION Data extracted were intervention descriptions, sample details, measurements, results, and methodologic rigor. RESULTS With this review, we identified 9 interventions for mental health, 2 for substance use, and 1 for violence victimization. One SGMY-inclusive intervention examined coordinated mental health services. Five sexual minority–specific interventions included multiple state-level policy interventions, a therapist-administered family-based intervention, a computer-based intervention, and an online intervention. Three gender minority–specific interventions included transition-related gender-affirming care interventions. All interventions improved mental health outcomes, 2 reduced substance use, and 1 reduced bullying victimization. One study had strong methodologic quality, but the remaining studies’ results must be interpreted cautiously because of suboptimal methodologic quality. LIMITATIONS There exists a small collection of diverse interventions for reducing substance use, mental health problems, and violence victimization among SGMY. CONCLUSIONS The dearth of interventions identified in this review is likely insufficient to mitigate the substantial inequities in substance use, mental health problems, and violence among SGMY.

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