scholarly journals Reduction in the in vitro ruminal methane production with the inclusion of Cucurbita foetidissima

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e1941
Author(s):  
Gerardo Pámanes-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Murillo-Ortiz ◽  
Damián Reyes-Jáquez ◽  
Roberto Valencia ◽  
Esperanza Herrera Torres
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Objective.This research aimed to evaluate the inclusion of Cucurbita foetidissima (BG) leaves as a partial or total substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) in beef cattle diets on in vitro methane output, gas kinetics and volatile fatty acids production. Materials and Methods.Five experimental treatments were formulated with the inclusion of BG as alfalfa hay (AH) substitute at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in experimental treatments denominated CON (control), BG25, BG50, BG75 and BG100, respectively. Results.Lignin and organic matter decreased with BG inclusion (p<0.05). However, NDF, CT and TPC increased with higher levels of BG (p<0.05). Maximum gas production diminished with BG inclusion (p<0.05); whereas, microbial protein production, specific gas production rate and latency period were not affected (p>0.05). Methane production decreased linearly with BG inclusion (p<0.05). Nevertheless, CO2 production showed no changes with inclusion of graded levels of BG in the experimental treatments (p>0.05). Additionally, acetate and butyrate were not affected by BG inclusion (p>0.05); although, propionate increased linearly among treatments (p<0.05). Furthermore, inclusion of 75% of BG reduced 31% in vitro methane production without changes in CO2 production, suggesting an inhibition of endogenous methanogenesis. Conclusions.These results promote the inclusion of BG leaves as a potential and environmentally friendly forage source for beef cattle feeding.

Effect of inclusion of graded level of water hyacinth on in vitro gas production kinetics and chemical composition of alfalfa hay based beef cattle diets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Pamanes-Carrasco ◽  
Manuel Murillo-Ortiz ◽  
Esperanza Herrera-Torres ◽  
Agustin Corral-Luna
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of water hyacinth (WH) as a possible substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) in diets of beef cattle on in vitro methane production, gas kinetics and chemical composition. AH in the diets was substituted by WH at 0% (T1, as a control), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). Methane, CO2 and gas production parameters were recorded after 24 and 48h of incubation. NDF, condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds increased when AH was substituted. Likewise, the net gas production decreased linearly when AH was substituted. However, gas production rate among treatments were similar. Methane and CO2 production decreased linearly with inclusion of WH. These results indicate that WH arises as a promising alternative for mitigating methane production in ruminants.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

scholarly journals Gas Production, Digestibility and Efficacy of Stored or Fresh Plant Extracts to Reduce Methane Production on Different Substrates

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu ◽  
Abubeker Hassen ◽  
Festus Adeyemi Adejoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Freeze Dried

Natural compounds such as plant secondary metabolites (PSM) can be used to replace antibiotic growth promoters as rumen modifiers. In this study, the effectiveness of stored and freshly extracted Aloe vera (AV), Azadirachta indica (AZ), Moringa oleifera (MO), Jatropha curcas (JA), Tithonia diversifolia (TD) and Carica papaya (CP) crude extract and monensin on in vitro gas and methane production, organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were evaluated using a total mixed ration (TMR), lucerne or Eragrostis curvula substrates. Fresh extracts were processed from the same batch of frozen (−20 °C) plant material a few days before the trial while the stored extracts were extracted and stored at 4 °C for 12 months prior to the study. Extraction was done by solubilising 50 g freeze-dried plant material in 500 mL 100% methanol. Four mL of reconstituted 50 mg crude extract per 1000 mL distilled water was added per incubation vial, which already contained 400 mg substrate and in vitro fermentation, and gas production and IVOMD evaluation were carried out using standard procedures. Results showed that storing plant extracts for 12 months did not affect the activity or stability of metabolites present in the crude extracts, as shown by the lack of differences in total gas production (TGP) and methane produced between fresh or stored extracts across the substrates. In the TMR substrate, plant extracts increased IVOMD but did not affect TGP and methane production, whereas monensin did not have any effect. Plant extracts increased IVOMD of Eragrostis substrate and supressed methane production to a greater extent than monensin (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that storing plant extracts for up to 12 months did not compromise their efficacy. In addition, the use of 50 mg/kg of AV, AZ, MO, JA, TD and CP extract to a forage-based diet will reduce methane production while improving feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangkun Yu ◽  
Liyuan Cai ◽  
Jiacai Zhang ◽  
Ao Yang ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

PSXIV-1 In vitro evaluation of methane mitigation using monensin and ammonium nitrate in beef cattle diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 471-472
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Tarozo ◽  
Annelise Aila G Gomes Lobo ◽  
Yuli Andrea A Peña Bermudez ◽  
Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno ◽  
Rafaela Zuliani Spalato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Currently, the use of feed additives appears as an alternative in reducing the environmental impact of animal agriculture, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the acceptability of exports in international trade. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro rumen fermentation parameters by adding 4.5% ammonium nitrate and 30 ppm of the additive sodium monensin to beef cattle diets, searching for the best alternative to mitigate methane production. The experiment was performed in an in vitro gas production system, and the fermentation kinetics, methanogenesis and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were studied. Regarding methanogenesis, it was observed that the diet with ammonium nitrate showed higher in vitro degradability in DM (P = 0.017) and lower methane production (in ml/g of DM; P = 0.0088), compared to the diet with sodium monensin. Considering the fermentation kinetics, it can be stated that acetate production in molar (%) was lower in control and monensin diets, and higher in nitrate and nitrate + monensin diets (P &lt; 0.0001). It is concluded that both treatments ammonium nitrate + sodium monensin and ammonium nitrate alone have mitigating effect on methane emission, when compared to the control treatment. However, ammonium nitrate is more effective in this regard, producing less methane in vitro and having no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.

In vitro fermentability and methane production of some alternative forages in Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Durmic ◽  
P. J. Moate ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
J. Vadhanabhuti ◽  
P. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

A study was conducted to examine in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles and methane production of some alternative forage species (n = 10) in Australia. Extent of fermentation was assessed using an in vitro batch fermentation system, where total gas production, methane production, and concentrations in ruminal fluid of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia were measured. Forages varied in their fermentability, with highest total gas, methane, VFA and ammonia production recorded from selected samples of Brassica napus L. cv. Winfred. Lowest methane production (i.e. 30% less than that formed by the highest-producing one) was observed in Plantago lanceolata L. cv. Tonic and Cichorium intybus L. cv. Choice. Selected plants, including P. lanceolata L. cv. Tonic, Brassica rapa L. cv. Marco, Brassica napus L. cv. Hunter had reduced acetate : propionate ratio and/or ammonia concentration, along with relatively low methane production compared with other species tested, while overall fermentation was not affected. It was concluded that selected novel forages have some advantageous fermentability profiles in the rumen and, in particular, inhibit methane production. However, before these can be recommended as valuable supplementary feedstuffs for ruminants in Australia, further studies are needed to confirm these effects over a range of samples, conditions and in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukruthai Sommai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

scholarly journals Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.

scholarly journals In Vitro Estimation of the Effect of Grinding on Rumen Fermentation of Fibrous Feeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Ignacio Rubén Ortolani ◽  
Zahia Amanzougarene ◽  
Manuel Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Gas Volume

The fermentation patterns of six fiber sources, soybean hulls (SH), sugarbeet pulp (BP), palm kernel cake (PK), oat hulls (OH), dehydrated alfalfa meal (DA), and barley straw (BS) were evaluated for this study on the effect of their presentation form (non-processed, NP and ground, GR). Substrates were tested in a conventional in vitro batch system, using rumen fluid obtained from ewes fed 0.5 alfalfa hay and 0.5 barley straw. All substrates rendered a higher gas production in GR form (p < 0.05) except for BS but ranked similarly irrespective of the presentation form. Among the substrates, when incubated NP, the highest volume of gas was recorded with BP from 8 h onwards (p < 0.05), whereas OH and BS resulted in the lowest gas volume (p < 0.05). During the first half of the incubation period, methane production was higher in GR than NP (p < 0.05). Among substrates, despite NP or GR, methane production with BP was the highest (p < 0.05). Similarly, the presentation form did not qualitatively affect fermentation, as no differences were observed in volatile fatty acids proportions. The effect of particle size of fibrous substrates does not have a major impact on the rate and extent of the rumen microbial fermentation.

scholarly journals AMMONIATION OF RICE STRAW AND SUPPLEMENTATION OF Paraserianthes falcataria AND Sapindus rarak ON IN VITRO RUMEN FERMENTATION AND METHANE PRODUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Nanang Krisnawan ◽  
Yeni Widyawati ◽  
Asep Sudarman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Buffer Mixture ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This study aimed to observe the effects of rice straw ammoniation and supplementation of Paraserianthes falcataria and Sapindus rarak on rumen fermentation and methane production in vitro. Rice straw was ammoniated by adding 2% urea. Rice straw, ammoniated rice straw, P. falcataria leaves and S. rarak fruits were oven-dried and finely ground. Experimental treatments were arranged as follow: rice straw (T1), ammoniated rice straw (T2), T2 80% + P. falcataria 20% (T3), T2 60% + P. falcataria 40% (T4), T2 80% + P. falcataria 10% + S. rarak 10% (T5), and T2 60% + P. falcataria 20% + S. rarak 20% (T6). An amount of 1 g sample from each treatment was added with 100 ml rumen fluid and buffer mixture (1:2 v/v), and incubated in a water bath at 39 ºC for 48 h. The incubation was performed in four replicates and each replicate was represented by four incubation bottles. Results showed that urea treatment increased gas production of rice straw at 24 and 48 h, higher ammonia production, higher IVDMD, and lower methane production as compared to the untreated rice straw (P<0.05). Addition of P. falcataria or S. rarak at lower level produced similar ammonia concentration as ammoniated rice straw whereas their addition at higher level decreased ammonia concentration (P<0.05). Paraserianthes falcataria addition to ammoniated rice straw decreased protozoa population (P<0.05) and S. rarak further decreased the fauna population (P<0.05) as well. Inclusion of S. rarak at 20% DM (T6) produced the lowest methane production both at 24 and 48 h after incubation and lowest methane production per unit of DM degraded. It was concluded that ammoniation of rice straw improved its nutritional quality with lower methane production, and its mixture with P. falcataria and S. rarak further increased the quality and lower the production of methane, respectively.        

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