scholarly journals Estimation of the balance of metabolizable lysine and methionine for dairy cows

2019 ◽  
pp. 7346-7354
Author(s):  
Martha Olivera-Angel ◽  
Mónica Duque-Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Rosero-Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Internal Markers

Objective.The aim of this study was to determine in grazing cows,the reproducibility and accuracy of the balance between predicted values,when compared with theobserved valuesfor the most limiting amino acids in milk protein synthesis, the methionine (Met)andLysine (Lys).Materials and methods.Twelve lactatingcows were used for a 20-día experimental period. Control: animals grazing and supplemented with balanced food; Met-Lys: same as control and supplemented with adjusted rumen protected Met and Lys.For Met and Lys supply predicted values, it was taking in account the average of the dry matter intake (DMI) of the herd, based in offer and foraging control and values of microbial protein data. Observed values were determined based in the individual DMI intake, using external and internal markers and the individual microbial protein production. A t-paired-sample test was performed and the efficiency of the model’s prediction was determined using the mean square prediction error (MSPE) and the concordance coefficient (CCC). Results. Significant differences were found between the predicted and observed values for DMI forage, digestible microbial protein and microbial protein production, supply and the balance of Lys and Met. The CCC for Lys and Met balance were low (0.10), the MSPE was high except for the total DMI with a moderate concordance (0.63) and low MSPE (4.42). Conclusions. These results indicate a lack of precision of the tools, which underestimates the supply and balance of amino acids in individual grazing cows.

scholarly journals The effect of cottonseed condensed tannins on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in casein and cottonseed kernel

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
P. J. Moughan ◽  
T. N. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Cottonseed Kernel ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Growing Rat ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The effect of adding cottonseed hulls to casein- and cottonseed-kernel-based diets on the apparent and true ileal digestibility of N and amino acids, and the proportion of this effect accounted for by condensed tannin (CT), were determined using the growing rat. Sixtyrats were allocated randomly to ten semi- purified diets, containing either casein (four diets) or purified unheated solvent-extracted cottonseed kernel (six diets) as the sole protein source, with Cr2O3 added as an indigestible marker. Two of the casein diets contained no hulls whilst the remaining two diets contained 70 g cottonseed hulls/kg. Two of the cottonseed-kernel-based diets contained no hulls, with two containing 23 g hulls/kg and the remaining two containing 46 g hulls/kg. For each pair of diets, PEG was either included or excluded. The effect of CT was quantified by comparing control rats (-PEG; CTacting) with PEG-supplemented rats (+PEG; CT inactivated) at each level of dietary hulls. The rats were given their respective experimental diets for 14 d. Each rat was given the food ad libitumfor 10 min hourly from 08·00 to 18·00 hours. On day 14, samples of digesta were collected at death from the terminal 150 mm of ileum at 7 h from the first meal. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities were calculated for DM, N and the individual amino acids. The principal finding was that the inclusion of hulls depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids, but with the response differing between diets. With the casein-based diet the mean apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities were significantly depressed from 0·89 and 0·96 to 0·85 and 0·92 respectively, by the inclusion of 70 g hulls/kg in the diet, and addition of PEG then restored these to 0·89 and 0·95. All of the depression could be explained by the CT content of the hulls. However, with the cottonseed-kernel-based diet the responses fell into three categories. The apparent and true ileal digestibilities of the essential amino acids cystine and methionine were not affected by hull addition, ileal digestibilities of leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine and valine were markedly depressed by hull addition with approximately 50% of the depression being explained by CT, whilst the ileal digestibilities of histidine, arginine and phenylalanine were depressed by hull addition but little or none of this effect could be explained by CT. Thus the effect of hulls on protein digestion clearly differed with source of protein. With the cottonseed-kernel-based diet it seems that components of the hulls other than CT also depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The identity of these components is unknown.

scholarly journals The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Strom ◽  
E. R. Øskov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Micro Organisms

1. Four experiments were carried out to identify and quantify the limiting amino acids (AA) in rumen microbial protein (RMP).2. A method was developed which involved first, an assessment of the efficiency of utilization of absorbed AA-nitrogen (U) of RMP, defined as the retention of AA-N from RMP absorbed from the small intestine, and second, addition of a mixture of AA similar to the absorbed AA profile in a quantity defined by the U of RMP and equal to (1 – U)/U. Third, it involved removal of each AA in turn and measurement of the resultant N retention. Using this approach it was possible to calculate both the order and extent of AA limitations in RMP.3. Apart from methionine which was found to be the most limiting AA, only lysine, arginine and histidine reduced N retention when omitted, and accordingly only these AA were limiting in RMP.4. The method is discussed in detail and the amount of supplementary AA required to utilize RMP fully is calculated.

Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes:8. The concentrations and rates of accretion of amino acids in the foetuses

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYData are presented for the amino acid contents of 64 litters of Suffolk × (Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn) foetuses varying in gestational age from 90 to 145 days and in litter size from one to five. The concentrations of glycine, cystine, arginine, proline and hydroxyproline in foetal dry matter increased with age, those for threonine, serine, glutamic acid, valine and methionine remained fairly constant while those for aspartic acid, phenylalanine, histidine and lysine tended to decrease. The most pronounced of these age effects were for cystine and hydroxyproline which increased in concentrations by 60 and 100% respectively over the final 2 months of foetal life. The rates of accretion of the individual amino acids are discussed in relation to estimates of the amounts that may be supplied by microbial protein.

Amino acid and energy digestibility in different sources of rice bran for growing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kaufmann ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Cervantes ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
The Individual

Studies were carried out to determine the digestibilities of amino acids (AA) and energy in five sources of rice bran (RB). The sources of RB included two that were not further processed, a defatted, an extruded, and an atypical source of RB consisting mainly of starchy endosperm referred to as polish. Six barrows, average initial body weight 36.5 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, and fed six diets according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The five RB-containing diets contained 53.8% corn, 19.9% soybean meal, and 23.1% RB. The basal diet contained 71.0% corn and 26.3% soybean meal. The dietary allowance was provided at a rate of 4% (wt/wt) of the individual body weight determined at the initiation of each experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 11 d. Following a 7-d adaptation period, faeces were collected for 48 h and ileal digesta for 24 h in two 12-h periods. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. There was considerable variation in AA digestibilities among the RB samples. By aid of the difference method under the dietary conditions specified, the apparent ileal digestibilities of lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan ranged from 62.6 to 82.2, 61.4 to 76.0, 58.4 to 82.8, and 58.8 to 82.6%, respectively. The digestibilities were lowest in the defatted source of RB and highest in polish. Not including polish of which the total tract energy digestibility was 88.2%, the digestibilities of the other samples ranged from 60.5 to 65.8%. A small proportion of the variation in AA digestibility can be attributed to the content of crude protein, fat and ash in RB. Key words: Amino acids, digestibility, energy, pigs, rice bran

scholarly journals The Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Content of free Amino Acids and Amides in Tomato Plants II. A Study of the Effect of Molybdenum Nutrition

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JV Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Individual

Tomato plants which had been cultured in the absence of molybdenum were provided with molybdate, and the consequent changes in the relative amounts of the free amino acids and amides were followed over an experimental period of 4 days. The technique of quantitative paper chromatography was used to estimate the individual free amino acids and amides, and the results are .expressed on a dry weight basis.

The influence of different levels of fish meal on the performance and carcass characteristics of Raini goat

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
Y. Rouzbehan ◽  
M. Taghizade ◽  
K. Rezayazdi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Earlier investigations have been carried out with Raini goat for maximizing the ruminal microbial protein production by determining the requirement of the dietary ERDN:S ratio. Adding a supplement which contains high level of undegradable protein (UDP) may improve the animal performance, due to the increase the of the amino acids concentration in the small intestine (Orskov, 1992). Therefore, this trial was conducted to maximize the potentiality of the growth performance and carcass characteristics of this breed by adding a protein supplement, fish meal (FM), which contains a high percent of undegradable protein.

Synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen. II. A response to higher volatile fatty acids

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
The Mean

When sheep were fed on a virtually protein-free purified diet adequately supplied with nonprotein nitrogen, 71 g microbial protein was produced in the rumen daily. The addition of a mixture of higher volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased protein production to 81 g daily (P < 0.05). The VFA supplement also increased the molar proportions of these acids in the rumen fluid and the flow of total nitrogen from the rumen. There were no differences in nitrogen balance associated with the supplement. There were significant variations between sheep and between periods in both protein production and the molar proportion of acetic acid in the rumen fluid. A negative correlation was found between acetic acid proportions and protein production (r = -0.62, P < 0.025). The mean yield of protein from the ruminal fermentation was 13.0 g/100 g organic matter digested in the rumen. The addition of the higher VFA did not result in any appreciable increase in the efficiency of protein production from the energy available.

scholarly journals Digestion of alfalfa and grass silages in sheep. 2. Digestion of protein in reticulorumen and intestines.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
J. van Bruchem ◽  
A.K. Kies ◽  
R. Bremmers ◽  
M.W. Bosch ◽  
H. Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Wilted lucerne and grass silages were given to mature wethers. Estimates of degradability of proteins in the reticulorumen were lower with diaminopimelic acid (38-71%) than those based on amino acid profiles of dietary, microbial and duodenal proteins (64-87%). Microbial protein synthesis was related to extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen. Efficiency of protein synthesis was not different between silages. Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids in the small intestine was lower for lucerne silage (54%) than for grass silage (60-63%), probably caused by a higher DM passage in the small intestine of lucerne silage. Relative to the amino acid profiles of milk protein and beef, histidine and methionine were the first limiting amino acids. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

A Simple Method for the Evaluation of Internal Doses in Nuclear Medicine

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.

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