scholarly journals Tumor microRNAs Identified by Small RNA Sequencing as Potential Response Predictors in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
TANA MACHACKOVA ◽  
KAROLINA TRACHTOVA ◽  
VLADIMIR PROCHAZKA ◽  
TOMAS GROLICH ◽  
MARTINA FARKASOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Response Predictors

Watch and wait approach following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer patients: A single-centre experience.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 681-681
Author(s):  
Ji Zhu ◽  
Jingwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Watch And Wait

681 Background: A watch-and-wait approach for patients with clinical complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation could avoid the morbidity of conventional surgery for rectal cancer. Here, we report the survival outcome of patients with this strategy in our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy since 2015 in our center. Preoperative regimen included long-course radiotherapy (50 Gy / 25 Fx) combined fluoropyrimidin–based chemotherapy concurrently. MRI and endoscopic evaluation were performed after preoperative treatment. Patients with complete tumor response were referred to the “watch-and-wait” approach and omitted the surgery. Four to six cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were performed. Patients were followed up clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically to assess for local recurrence or disease progression. Results: From January 2015 to March 2018, a total of 47 patients with rectal cancer in our center received conservative treatment following neoadjuvant therapy. The median age of the patients is 58 (53-66). The proportions of stages I to IV are 4.3%, 12.8%, 70.2%, 8.5%, respectively. After a median follow-up of 20 month, tumor regrowth occurred in five out of 47 (10.6%) patients. All local regrowth was diagnosed in the first two years, and four out of five (80%) of local regrowth was located in the bowel wall. All patients underwent salvage surgery. Distant metastasis was diagnosed in four of 47 patients (8.5%). two-year overall survival was 89.9%, and two-year disease-free survival was 76.5%. Conclusions: Organ preservation for locally advanced rectal cancer is feasible for selected patients who achieve a complete response to individualized neoadjuvant CRT. The survival of patients is not impaired with “watch-and-wait” strategy.

scholarly journals The role of modern neoadjuvant radiotherapy in the combined treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Georgiy Pan`shin ◽  
Nelly Sidibe ◽  
Timur Izmailov
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy

Currently, rectal cancer is one of the leading pathologies in the structure of cancer morbidity and mortality, both in Russia and around the world.                                                                                                      Thus, despite the improvement of existing and development of new methods for surgical treatment and anesthesia, as well as the introduction of the use of radio-and chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgical stage of the treatment, colorectal cancer still has a very high mortality rate among this cohort of cancer patients, and, primarily, due to the fact that approximately 30% of cases it is diagnosed at a very late stages of the disease. And, at the same time, combined and complex therapy to date does not contribute to improving the long-term results of special treatment, which, in the end, range from a complete response, in particular, during radiotherapy treatment, up to absolute resistance to its implementation.                                                                              However, to date, there are already studies confirming the link between radioresistance and gene expression, which induce a response to the DNA damage checkpoint and increase the ability to repair DNA. At the same time, molecular biomarkers have a definite potential to predict the response to, in particular, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.                                                                                                                                                                        This brief review examines the evolution and current state of neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (MRPC). At the same time, it should be emphasized that randomized studies and meta-analyses of recent publications justify the expediency of its use in this category of cancer patients.  Modern strategies for treating patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and radiotherapy regimens used in this clinical situation are also briefly considered, as well as the prospects for using molecular genetic markers of radiosensitivity and their possible impact on the prognosis of this cancer.

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