scholarly journals A Clinical Examination of Stomatognathic Function by Mandibular Border Movement and Maximal Opening and Closing Movement.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Taiji Kato
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Maximal Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing

Comparison of stiffness and interface pressure during rest and exercise among various arm sleeves

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hirai ◽  
K Niimi ◽  
H Iwata ◽  
I Sugimoto ◽  
H Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Maximal Opening ◽  
High Level ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation ◽  
Rest And Exercise

Objectives To compare the interface pressure during rest and exercise among various kinds of arm sleeves. Methods The interface pressure underneath nine different arm sleeves was measured during 10 maximal opening and closing movements of fingers using a pressure transducer (Air Pack Type Analyser) in 16 healthy volunteers. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the characteristics of each arm sleeve, the extensibility, stiffness and thickness were determined in vitro by several apparatuses. Results There was a significant correlation between stiffness and extensibility. The stiffness was significantly correlated with the pressure difference between muscle contraction and relaxation during exercise. The higher the value of stiffness, the greater the pressure amplitude during exercise. Conclusion Short-stretch arm sleeves characterized with a high level stiffness, including thick round- and flat-knitted arm sleeves, are more beneficial for the augmentation of muscle pumping than long-stretch arm sleeves, in the same way as short-stretch bandages or stockings applied to the leg.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Stomatal Aperture in Tobacco Leaf Epidermal Strips I. The Effect of Ions

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Simple Apparatus ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Maximal Opening ◽  
Opening And Closing

A simple apparatus has been developed whereby the extent of stomatal opening on isolated epidermal strips can be monitored by measuring the flow rate of bathing solution through the stomata. This apparatus has been used to study the opening and closing response of stomata to various treatments. A supply of ions, particularly K+, was found necessary to initiate and maintain the opening of stomata in the light. In the presence of K+ stomata could be opened in the light and closed in the dark. This cycle could be repeated. The pattern of stomatal opening in the light and closing in the dark showed a similar shape with time to that shown for stomata on leaves. Similar results could be obtained in a bathing medium consisting of KH2P04-Na2HP04 buffer. The best pH found for opening was 8� O. No specificity of stomatal opening was found for the anion associated with K +. The addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ to the bathing medium caused reductions in aperture. The extent of stomatal opening in response to the concentration of K+ in the range 0-10 mM gave a saturation curve with a concentration for half maximal opening of O� 32 mM. Increasing the concentration of K+ past 10 mM resulted in reductions of aperture.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) als kompetenz­orientiertes Prüfungsinstrument in der pflegerischen Erstausbildung

Pflege ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Beyer ◽  
Adina Dreier ◽  
Stefanie Kirschner ◽  
Wolfgang Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Aufgrund der demografischen und epidemiologischen Entwicklung wird die Vermittlung adäquater pflegerischer Kompetenzen in der pflegerischen Ausbildung zunehmend diskutiert. Kompetenzen sind in den Examina angemessen zu überprüfen. Hierfür haben sich international OSCEs bewährt. Ziel: Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse war die Ermittlung von Kompetenzen, die in pflegerischen Erstausbildungen mit OSCEs überprüft werden. Methodik: In internationalen Datenbanken wurden einschlägige Publikationen recherchiert. Analyse-Einschlusskriterium war die Nennung mindestens einer überprüften Kompetenz. Die Kompetenzen wurden – in Anlehnung an den «Fachqualifikationsrahmen Pflege für die hochschulische Bildung» – nach Wissen, Fertigkeiten und Haltung kategorisiert. Ergebnisse: 36 Artikel erfüllten das Einschlusskriterium. Relevante Studien stammen mehrheitlich aus Großbritannien (UK), Kanada und Australien. Es wurden insgesamt n = 166 Kompetenzen in allen Kategorien identifiziert, die anhand verschiedener Methoden gemessen wurden. Am häufigsten wurden Fertigkeiten überprüft. Dabei wurde der sichere Umgang mit Medikamenten am häufigsten thematisiert. Weitere wichtige Themen waren die Kommunikationskompetenz in Bezug auf PatientInnen und die Fähigkeit zur Selbsteinschätzung. Diskussion: Es werden sehr unterschiedliche Kompetenzen mit differenten Formaten per OSCE gemessen. OSCE ermöglichen eine Überprüfung sowohl auf individueller als auch institutioneller Ebene, also sowohl für die Lehre als auch das Gelernte. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf wird festgestellt.

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