scholarly journals Studies on a construction of post hole by means of die-investing technique - Caliber and length change of post hole.

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Nobuo Okada ◽  
Taichiro Katahira ◽  
Sinichi Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Mashio ◽  
Thizuko Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Change ◽  
Post Hole

scholarly journals Microstructure and Durability Performance of Mortars with Volcanic Powder from Calbuco Volcano (Chile) after 4 Hardening Years

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Rosa María Tremiño ◽  
Teresa Real-Herraiz ◽  
Viviana Letelier ◽  
José Marcos Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
State Diffusion ◽  
Calbuco Volcano ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
The Impact

One of the most popular ways to lessen the impact of the cement industry on the environment consists of substituting clinker by additions. The service life required for real construction elements is generally long, so it would be interesting to obtain information about the effects of new additions after a hardening period of several years. Analyzed here are the effects of the incorporation of volcanic ashes, coming from Calbuco volcano’s last eruption (Chile), as clinker replacement, in the durability and pore structure of mortars, after approximately 4 hardening years (1500 days), in comparison with reference specimens without additions. The substitution percentages of clinker by volcanic powder studied were 10% and 20%. The microstructure was characterized with mercury intrusion porosimetry and impedance spectroscopy. In order to evaluate the pozzolanic activity of the volcanic powder after 1500 days, differential thermal analyses were performed. Water absorption after immersion, steady-state diffusion coefficient and length change were also studied. In accordance with the results obtained, the 10% and 20% substitution of clinker by volcanic powder from the Calbuco volcano showed beneficial effects in the mortars after 4 years, especially regarding the microstructure and chloride diffusion, without noticeable influence in their water absorption.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal behavior of a large-scale landslide at Mt. Onnebetsu-dake, Japan, detected by three L-band SAR satellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichiro Takada ◽  
George Motono
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Spatiotemporal Behavior ◽  
Spatially Periodic ◽  
L Band

Abstract We applied differential InSAR analysis to the Shiretoko Peninsula, northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. All the interferograms of long temporal baseline (~ 3 years) processed from SAR data of three L-band satellites (JERS-1, ALOS, ALOS-2) commonly indicate remarkable phase changes due to the landslide movement at the southeastern flank of Mt. Onnebetsu-dake, a Quaternary stratovolcano. The area of interferometric phase change matches to known landslide morphologies. Judging from the timing of the SAR image acquisitions, this landslide has been moving at least from 1993 to the present. Successive interferograms of 1-year temporal baseline indicate the temporal fluctuation of the landslide velocity. Especially for the descending interferograms, the positive line-of-sight (LOS) length change, which indicates large subsidence relative to the horizontal movement, is observed in the upslope section of the landslide during 1993–1998, while the negative LOS change is observed in the middle and the downslope section after 2007 indicating less subsidence. The landslide activity culminates from 2014 to 2017: the eastward and the vertical displacement rates reach ~ 6 and ~ 2 cm/yr, respectively. Utilizing high spatial resolution of ALOS and ALOS-2 data, we investigated velocity distribution inside the landslide. During 2007–2010, the eastward component of surface displacement increases toward the east, implying that the landslide extends toward the east. During 2014–2017, the vertical displacement profile exhibits spatially periodic uplift and subsidence consistent with surface gradient, which indicates the ongoing deformation driven by gravitational force. Heavy rainfall associated with three typhoons in August 2016 might have brought about an increase in the landslide velocity, possibly due to elevated pore-fluid pressure within and/or at the base of the landslide material. Also, annual rainfall would be an important factor that prescribes the landslide velocity averaged over 3 years.

scholarly journals A preliminary study exploring the change in ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in cis women

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Yamazaki ◽  
Sae Maruyama ◽  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Yukako Suzuki ◽  
Sohei Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Anterior Drawer ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods Participants were 14 female college students (21–22 years) with normal menstrual cycles (cis gender). Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all participants. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus using ultrasonography. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase. Conclusions Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.

From Post-hole to Timber-framing

2000 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
J. T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Post Hole

scholarly journals Alternative polyadenylation: methods, mechanism, function, and role in cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Lian Liu ◽  
Qiongzi Qiu ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Jinwang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mrna Maturation

AbstractOccurring in over 60% of human genes, alternative polyadenylation (APA) results in numerous transcripts with differing 3’ends, thus greatly expanding the diversity of mRNAs and of proteins derived from a single gene. As a key molecular mechanism, APA is involved in various gene regulation steps including mRNA maturation, mRNA stability, cellular RNA decay, and protein diversification. APA is frequently dysregulated in cancers leading to changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expressions. Recent studies have revealed various APA regulatory mechanisms that promote the development and progression of a number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an overview of four types of APA and their impacts on gene regulation. We focus particularly on the interaction of APA with microRNAs, RNA binding proteins and other related factors, the core pre-mRNA 3’end processing complex, and 3’UTR length change. We also describe next-generation sequencing methods and computational tools for use in poly(A) signal detection and APA repositories and databases. Finally, we summarize the current understanding of APA in cancer and provide our vision for future APA related research.

scholarly journals Medial collateral ligament reconstruction graft isometry is effected by femoral position more than tibial position

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kittl ◽  
James Robinson ◽  
Michael J. Raschke ◽  
Arne Olbrich ◽  
Andre Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Femoral Attachment ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Graft Length

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the length change patterns of the native medial structures of the knee and determine the effect on graft length change patterns for different tibial and femoral attachment points for previously described medial reconstructions. Methods Eight cadaveric knee specimens were prepared by removing the skin and subcutaneous fat. The sartorius fascia was divided to allow clear identification of the medial ligamentous structures. Knees were then mounted in a custom-made rig and the quadriceps muscle and the iliotibial tract were loaded, using cables and hanging weights. Threads were mounted between tibial and femoral pins positioned in the anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the attachment sites of the native superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL). Pins were also placed at the attachment sites relating to two commonly used medial reconstructions (Bosworth/Lind and LaPrade). Length changes between the tibiofemoral pin combinations were measured using a rotary encoder as the knee was flexed through an arc of 0–120°. Results With knee flexion, the anterior fibres of the sMCL tightened (increased in length 7.4% ± 2.9%) whilst the posterior fibres slackened (decreased in length 8.3% ± 3.1%). All fibre regions of the POL displayed a uniform lengthening of approximately 25% between 0 and 120° knee flexion. The most isometric tibiofemoral combination was between pins placed representing the middle fibres of the sMCL (Length change = 5.4% ± 2.1% with knee flexion). The simulated sMCL reconstruction that produced the least length change was the Lind/Bosworth reconstruction with the tibial attachment at the insertion of the semitendinosus and the femoral attachment in the posterior part of the native sMCL attachment side (5.4 ± 2.2%). This appeared more isometric than using the attachment positions described for the LaPrade reconstruction (10.0 ± 4.8%). Conclusion The complex behaviour of the native MCL could not be imitated by a single point-to-point combination and surgeons should be aware that small changes in the femoral MCL graft attachment position will significantly effect graft length change patterns. Reconstructing the sMCL with a semitendinosus autograft, left attached distally to its tibial insertion, would appear to have a minimal effect on length change compared to detaching it and using the native tibial attachment site. A POL graft must always be tensioned near extension to avoid capturing the knee or graft failure.

scholarly journals Length-Change Patterns of the Collateral Ligaments During Functional Activities After Total Knee Arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Hosseini Nasab ◽  
C. R. Smith ◽  
P. Schütz ◽  
P. Damm ◽  
A. Trepczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Total Knee

scholarly journals Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Porosity of Concrete Using Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2865
Author(s):  
Md Jihad Miah ◽  
Md. Munir Hossain Patoary ◽  
Suvash Chandra Paul ◽  
Adewumi John Babafemi ◽  
Biranchi Panda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Furnace Steel

This paper investigates the possibility of utilizing steel slags produced in the steelmaking industry as an alternative to burnt clay brick aggregate (BA) in concrete. Within this context, physical, mechanical (i.e., compressive and splitting tensile strength), length change, and durability (porosity) tests were conducted on concrete made with nine different percentage replacements (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by volume of BA) of BA by induction of furnace steel slag aggregate (SSA). In addition, the chemical composition of aggregate through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of aggregates and concrete were performed. The experimental results show that the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made with SSA were significantly higher than that of concrete made with BA. The compressive and tensile strength increased by 73% when SSA fully replaced BA. The expansion of concrete made with SSA was a bit higher than the concrete made with BA. Furthermore, a significant lower porosity was observed for concrete made with SSA than BA, which decreased by 40% for 100% SSA concrete than 100% BA concrete. The relation between compressive and tensile strength with the porosity of concrete mixes are in agreement with the relationships presented in the literature. This study demonstrates that SSA can be used as a full replacement of BA, which is economical, conserves the natural aggregate, and is sustainable building material since burning brick produces a lot of CO2.

Crack-Path Effect on Material Toughness

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher A. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Crack Path ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Singular Integral Equations ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Curvilinear Crack ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
System Of Cracks ◽  
Remote Stress

The material-toughening mechanism based on the crack-path deflection is studied. This investigation is based on a model which consists of a macrocrack (semi-infinite crack), with a curvilinear segment at the crack tip, situated in a brittle solid. The effect of material toughening is evaluated by comparison of the remote stress field parameters, such as the stress intensity factors (controlled by a loading on a macroscale), to effective values of these parameters acting in the vicinity of a crack tip (microscale). The effects of the curvilinear crack path are separated into three groups: crack-tip direction, crack-tip geometry pattern-shielding, and crack-path length change. These effects are analyzed by investigation of selected curvilinear crack patterns such as a macrocrack with simple crack-tip kink in the form of a circular arc and a macrocrack with a segment at the crack tip in the form of a sinusoidal wave. In conjunction with this investigation, a numerical procedure has been developed for the analysis of curvilinear cracks (or a system of cracks) in a two-dimensional linear elastic solid. The formulation is based on the solution of a system of singular integral equations. This numerical scheme was applied to the cases of finite and semi-infinite cracks.

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