scholarly journals Effectiveness of a community-based integrated care ward (CICW) on 90-day readmission among the elderly people: a retrospective cohort study of a rural area in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimatani ◽  
Tatsuya Hiraki ◽  
Kyoichi Deguchi ◽  
Koji Ono
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Care Ward

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Aspiration Pneumonia among Elderly Patients in a Community-Based Integrated Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Isao Uno ◽  
Takaaki Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Oral Environment

We aimed to clarify the physical factors associated with the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in a community-based integrated care unit. This retrospective cohort study included 412 patients aged 65 years or older admitted to a community-based integrated care unit. A new diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia made by the attending physician based on physical examination, imaging findings, and blood test data after 48 h of admission was considered as an incidence of aspiration pneumonia. Basic patient information, activities of daily living, swallowing function, nutritional status, cognitive function, oral health-related factors, and energy intake were retrospectively investigated. We classified the patients into a pneumonia group and a non-pneumonia group, and examined the factors associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia. The mean age was 86.9 ± 8.1 years, and the pneumonia group comprised 49 participants. Comparison between the groups showed significant differences in oral environment, denture use, cognitive functional independence measure, and discharge to home. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, oral environment (odds ratio (OR) = 0.229, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.070–0.753, p = 0.015) and use of dentures (OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.172–0.754, p = 0.007) were independently associated with aspiration pneumonia. Oral care and the use of dentures may be effective in preventing aspiration pneumonia.

scholarly journals Malaria and intestinal parasite co-infection and its association with anaemia among people living with HIV in Buea, Southwest Cameroon: A community-based retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245743
Author(s):  
Sorelle Mekachie Sandie ◽  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Martin Mih Tasah ◽  
Helen Kuokuo Kimbi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Both malaria and intestinal parasites are endemic in Cameroon, and their co-infection can be of great impact on anaemia among people living with HIV (PLWH). This community-based retrospective cohort study determined the prevalence and association of infections with anaemia in PLWH and HIV-negative individuals in Buea, Cameroon from March to August 2019. Methods The study population comprised of 190 PLWH and 216 consenting HIV-negative individuals from the Buea community. Participants were examined clinically, the collected blood sample was used for malaria parasite (MP) detection, HIV diagnosis and haemoglobin (Hb) measurement while stool samples were examined for the detection of intestinal parasites (IPs). Proportions were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test and association of anaemia with independent variables was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Out of the 406 participants, MP, IPs and MP/IP co-infection prevalences were 15.5%, 13.0% and 3.0% respectively. PLWH had a higher prevalence of MP (16.3%, P = 0.17), IPs (23.7%, P ˂ 0.001) and MP/IPs co-infection (3.7%, P = 0.04) when compared with HIV-negative participants. Similarly, PLWH had significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (11.10 ± 1.54 g/dL) than their HIV-negative counterparts (12.45 ± 2.06 g/dL). Also, PLWH co-infected with MP and IPs were observed to have a significantly lower mean haemoglobin value (10.6 ± 1.21 g/dL). PLWH had a significantly (P ˂ 0.001) higher prevalence of mild (56.8%), moderate (18.4%) and severe (1.6%) anaemia when compared with HIV-negative counterparts. The significant risk factors associated with anaemia included being febrile (P = 0.03), MP-infected only (P = 0.001), HIV-infected only (P < 0.001), having dual (P < 0.001) or triple-infections (P = 0.03). Conclusion Malaria and intestinal parasites remain public health concerns among PLWH and anaemia as a serious haematological abnormality gets exacerbated even with the viral load suppression. Hence, routine medical check-ups among PLWH are recommended.

scholarly journals Glucose variability and the risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Young Lee ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Sanghyun Park ◽  
Ji Hee Yu ◽  
Ji A. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationwide Observational Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous research regarding long-term glucose variability over several years which is an emerging indicator of glycemic control in diabetes showed several limitations. We investigated whether variability in long-term fasting plasma glucose (FG) can predict the development of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using the data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. A total of 624,237 Koreans ≥ 20 years old with diabetes who had undergone health examinations at least twice from 2005 to 2008 and simultaneously more than once from 2009 to 2010 (baseline) without previous histories of stroke or MI. As a parameter of variability of FG, variability independent of mean (VIM) was calculated using FG levels measured at least three times during the 5 years until the baseline. Study endpoints were incident stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality through December 31, 2017. Results During follow-up, 25,038 cases of stroke, 15,832 cases of MI, and 44,716 deaths were identified. As the quartile of FG VIM increased, the risk of clinical outcomes serially increased after adjustment for confounding factors including duration and medications of diabetes and the mean FG. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of FG VIM quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 were 1.20 (1.16–1.24), 1.20 (1.15–1.25), and 1.32 (1.29–1.36) for stroke, MI and all-cause mortality, respectively. The impact of FG variability was higher in the elderly and those with a longer duration of diabetes and lower FG levels. Conclusions In diabetes, long-term glucose variability showed a dose–response relationship with the risk of stroke, MI, and all-cause mortality in this nationwide observational study.

scholarly journals Successful expansion of community‐based drug‐resistant TB care in rural Eswatini – a retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kerschberger ◽  
Alex Telnov ◽  
Nanako Yano ◽  
Helen Cox ◽  
Inoussa Zabsonre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Community Based

scholarly journals Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy and Anthropometric Parameters in the Offspring at 10 Years: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Himali P. Herath ◽  
Rasika P. Herath ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Triceps Skinfold Thickness ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Studies of developmental origins of health and disease have highlighted the possible role of intrauterine hyperglycaemia, increasing the future risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. There is limited evidence from South Asian populations for risk estimates for childhood obesity that are attributable to maternal diabetes in utero. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the association between hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) and anthropometric parameters in the offspring at 10-11 years of age. Methods. A community-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. In the first stage, children born in 2005 were identified, and the availability of antenatal records was assessed. In the second stage, the exposure status of participants was ascertained based on antenatal records and predefined criteria. In the third stage, height, weight, waist circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT) of eligible participants were measured to ascertain the outcome status. Background characteristics were collected by interviewing mothers. A 24-hour dietary recall and a 3-day diet diary were recorded. Results. 159 children of mothers with HIP (exposed) and 253 children of mothers with no HIP (nonexposed) participated. Mean ages (SD) of exposed and unexposed groups were 10.9 (0.3) and 10.8 (0.3) years, respectively. The median BMI (17.6 vs 16.1, p<0.001), waist circumference (63 cm vs 59.3 cm, p<0.001), and triceps skinfold thickness (13.7 mm vs 11.2 mm, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the exposed group. Offspring of women with HIP were more likely to be overweight (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.9) and have abdominal obesity (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.5) and high TSFT (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.06–4.7) at 10-11 years than children who were not exposed after adjusting for maternal BMI, maternal age at delivery, and birth order. Conclusions. Intrauterine exposure to HIP is a significant determinant of overweight, high TSFT, and abdominal obesity in the offspring.

Management of concomitant hyperparathyroidism and thyroid diseases in the elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Panarese ◽  
Vito D’Andrea ◽  
Stefano Pontone ◽  
Pasqualino Favoriti ◽  
Daniele Pironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thyroid Diseases

scholarly journals Efficacy of Vedolizumab in a Nationwide Cohort of Elderly Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabeel Khan ◽  
Tyler Pernes ◽  
Alexandra Weiss ◽  
Chinmay Trivedi ◽  
Manthankumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background The elderly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population has historically been under-represented in clinical trials, and data on the efficacy of biologic medications in elderly IBD patients are generally lacking. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vedolizumab (VDZ) among elderly IBD patients and compare it with younger IBD patients in a nationwide population-based cohort of IBD patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients within the US national Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VAHS). Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on age at the time of starting VDZ (60 years of age and older or younger than 60 years of age) with outcomes compared between the 2 groups. The primary outcome was steroid-free remission during the 6- to 12-month period after starting VDZ therapy among those patients who were on steroids when VDZ was started. Results There were 568 patients treated with VDZ, of whom 56.7% had Crohn’s disease and 43.3% had ulcerative colitis. Among them, 316 patients were on steroids when VDZ was started. The percentage of patients who were on VDZ and off steroids during the 6- to 12-month period after VDZ initiation was 46.8% and 40.1% for the younger and elderly groups, respectively (P = 0.2374). Rates of hospitalization for an IBD-related reason within 1 year of VDZ start among the whole cohort were nearly identical in the younger and elderly groups (11.2% vs 11.3%, P = 0.9737). Rates of surgery for an IBD-related reason within 1 year of VDZ start were also similar between the young and elderly (3.9% vs 3.9%, P = 0.9851). Conclusions In a nationwide real-world retrospective cohort study of elderly IBD patients, we found that the efficacy of VDZ was similar among younger and older IBD patients and comparable with the published data in clinical trials.

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