scholarly journals Effect of a Blood Products Delivery Vehicle for Appropriate Supply of Blood Products in an Area Far from a Blood Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Takahiro HOMMA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Products ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Blood Center

Paucity of Blood Products Transfused Following the I-35W Bridge Disaster.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4026-4026
Author(s):  
Jed Baron Gorlin ◽  
Sertac Kip ◽  
Dawn Hansen ◽  
Jonathan Pohland
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Level 1

Abstract Following 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina there has been a concerted effort to prepare and organize for disasters. Blood transfusion, a key element of disaster response, has been previously documented to be an important factor in decreasing fatalities from disaster-related injuries, provided there is an organized system of transfusion. Reviews of blood usage following other domestic disasters have generally revealed only modest use of transfusable products that generally do not overwhelm local supplies of blood. We conducted a survey to enumerate the amount of blood and blood products used in Minnesota following the I- 35W bridge collapse that took place on 8/1/07. The bridge is for a major interstate highway that crosses the Mississippi river collapsed under the weight of evening commute traffic. The bridge normally carries 140,000 vehicular trips daily. About 100 individuals presented to local hospitals the evening or day following the incident and 9 individuals died at the scene or by the time of arrival at the trauma center. All critically injured were brought to Minnesota’s largest level 1 trauma hospital that fortuitously was adjacent (less than 1/2 mile) to the disaster site. Within 1/2 hour of the event, the local community blood center sent additional blood to all customer hospitals likely to receive patients, prior to any estimates of the number of injured patients expected at that hospital. However, no blood products were transfused for bridge accident victims at the other surrounding hospitals. Of 25 patients presenting by ambulance to the level 1 trauma center, only 5 received blood following the event. Only 2/5 received emergency group O units, and since both were male, they each received 2 group O Rh(D) + before being switched to type specific units. In total, 14 units of red cells were transfused the evening of the disaster to four of those patients. 30 additional units were required for the 5 patients requiring transfusion over the ensuing week-10 days following hospitalization. One apheresis platelet, 2 jumbo cryoprecipitate units (derived from 600 ml plasmapheresis donations) and 4 FFP were also administered to these same 5 patients the evening of 8/1. The FFP included 2 units of thawed AB plasma that are maintained in the transfusion service for immediate release to emergency patients at all times. Media response uniformly encouraged blood donation and community response was overwhelming resulting in one local community blood center receiving over 11,000 phone calls in the two days following the disaster. The usual collection of ∼400 units/day was doubled to almost 800 units and on the second day after the disaster (8/3/07) the blood center issued press releases noting that the immediate needs had been met. Lessons learned include the importance of disaster drills to prepare staff for such events. In addition, the best disaster preparation is to have adequate supplies at all times, since components from donations that follow the event may not be available for several days.

GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Isolates in Japanese Haemophiliacs and their Origins

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Fukuda ◽  
Tetsuo Hayakawa ◽  
Junki Takamatsu ◽  
Hidehiko Saito ◽  
Hiroaki Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
West African ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Gb Virus C ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Virus Isolates

SummaryJapanese haemophiliacs have been at high risk for infection with parenterally-transmissible viruses through the use of blood products, especially imported ones. Recently, novel transfusion-transmissible virus, GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) were isolated. We investigated the origin and route of transmission of GBV-C/HGV isolates in haemophiliacs in Japan. GBV-C/HGV RNA was measured by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 91 Japanese haemophiliacs. Phylogenetic analysis and genotypic grouping of GBV-C/HGV isolates in Japanese haemophiliacs were performed based on sequences in the 5’ untranslated region, and the characteristics were compared with those of reported isolates. GBV-C/HGV infection was present in 19 of 91 haemophiliacs (20.9%). Sequence analysis showed that 15 of the 19 isolates (78.9%) showed sequence similarity to a group in which mainly West African isolates have been reported. The other 4 isolates (21.1%) showed sequence similarity to Asian isolates. None of the GBV-C/HGV isolates showed sequences similar to those generally found in isolates from USA and Europe. The majority of GBV-C/HGV isolates found in Japanese haemophiliacs who are considered to have been infected by imported blood products were similar to those detected in West Africa.

Advancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules by Delivery Vehicle Platforms.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonis D. Tsiailanis ◽  
Andreas G. Tzakos ◽  
Thomas Mavromoustakos
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Activity Enhancement ◽  
Technological Platforms ◽  
Low Solubility

: Drugs have to overcome numerous barriers to reach their desired therapeutic targets. In several cases drugs, especially the highly lipophilic molecules, suffer from low solubility and bioavailability and therefore their desired targeting is hampered. In addition, undesired metabolic products might be produced or off-targets could be recognized. Along these lines, nanopharmacology has provided new technological platforms, to overcome these boundaries. Specifically, numerous vehicle platforms such as cyclodextrins and calixarenes have been widely utilized to host lipophilic drugs such as antagonists of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor (AT1R), as well as quercetin and silibinin. The encapsulation of these drugs in supramolecules or other systems refines their solubility and metabolic stability, increases their selectivity and therefore decreases their effective dose and improves the therapeutic index. In this minireview we report on the formulations of Silibinin and AT1R antagonist candesartan in a 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin host molecule, which displayed enhanced cytotoxicity and increased silibinin’s and candesartan’s stability, respectively. Moreover we describe the encapsulation of quercetin in gold nanoparticles bearing a calixarene supramolecular host. Also the encapsulation of temozolomide in a calixarene nanocapsule has been described. Finally, we report on the activity enhancement that has been achieved upon using these formulations as well as the analytical and computational methods we used to characterize these formulations and explore the molecular interactions between the host and quest molecules.

Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Agarwal ◽  
Vinayak Agarwal ◽  
Mugdha Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Gene Isolation ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

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