Nondestructive Method for Measuring the Local Weight Density of Glass Wool Pipe.

Fumitaka MURASE; Fumio TAKAHASHI; Kazuhiko ISHIKAWA; Katsuhiko ASADA; Toshiaki TANAKA; Masahiro UEDA

doi:10.2184/lsj.28.520

Respirable Glass Wool

10.32388/35q7t6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Glass Wool

Download Full-text

Rapid, Nondestructive Method for Estimating Rate and Extent of Movement of Phosphorus From Fertilizer Granules in Soil

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800020052x ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

E. C. Sample ◽

A. W. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Nondestructive Method

Download Full-text

Effect of Carbide Content on Temper Embrittlement of 2.25Cr1Mo Steel

Volume 7: Operations, Applications and Components ◽

10.1115/pvp2016-63289 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Yian Wang ◽

Guoshan Xie ◽

Zheng Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qian ◽

Yufeng Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Pressure Vessel ◽

High Stress ◽

Temper Embrittlement ◽

Damage Mechanism ◽

Pressure Vessels ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Low Alloy Steels ◽

Carbide Content

Temper embrittlement is a common damage mechanism of pressure vessels in the chemical and petrochemical industry serviced in high temperature, which results in the reduction of roughness due to metallurgical change in some low alloy steels. Pressure vessels that are temper embrittled may be susceptible to brittle fracture under certain operating conditions which cause high stress by thermal gradients, e.g., during start-up and shutdown. 2.25Cr1-Mo steel is widely used to make hydrogenation reactor due to its superior combination of high mechanical strength, good weldability, excellent high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and oxidation-resistance. However, 2.25Cr-1Mo steel is particularly susceptible to temper embrittlement. In this paper, the effect of carbide on temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was investigated. Mechanical properties and the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel were measured by tensile test and impact test. The tests were performed at two positions (base metal and weld metal) and three states (original, step cooling treated and in-service for a hundred thousand hours). The content and distribution of carbides were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The content of Cr and Mo elements in carbide was measured by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The results showed that the embrittlement could increase the strength and reduce the plasticity. Higher carbide contents appear to be responsible for the higher DBTT. The in-service 2.25Cr-1Mo steel showed the highest DBTT and carbide content, followed by step cooling treated 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, while the as-received 2.25Cr-1Mo steel has the minimum DBTT and carbide content. At the same time, the Cr and Mo contents in carbide increased with the increasing of DBTT. It is well known that the specimen analyzed by SEM is very small in size, sampling SEM specimen is convenient and nondestructive to pressure vessel. Therefore, the relationship between DBTT and the content of carbide offers a feasible nondestructive method for quantitative measuring the temper embrittlement of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel pressure vessel.

Download Full-text

Improving the Smoothed Complexity of FLIP for Max Cut Problems

ACM Transactions on Algorithms ◽

10.1145/3454125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1-38

Author(s):

Ali Bibak ◽

Charles Carlson ◽

Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran

Keyword(s):

General Framework ◽

Edge Weight ◽

Complete Graphs ◽

Worst Case ◽

Weight Density ◽

Complete Problems ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Run Time ◽

Optimum Solution ◽

Arbitrary Graphs

Finding locally optimal solutions for MAX-CUT and MAX- k -CUT are well-known PLS-complete problems. An instinctive approach to finding such a locally optimum solution is the FLIP method. Even though FLIP requires exponential time in worst-case instances, it tends to terminate quickly in practical instances. To explain this discrepancy, the run-time of FLIP has been studied in the smoothed complexity framework. Etscheid and Röglin (ACM Transactions on Algorithms, 2017) showed that the smoothed complexity of FLIP for max-cut in arbitrary graphs is quasi-polynomial. Angel, Bubeck, Peres, and Wei (STOC, 2017) showed that the smoothed complexity of FLIP for max-cut in complete graphs is ( O Φ 5 n 15.1 ), where Φ is an upper bound on the random edge-weight density and Φ is the number of vertices in the input graph. While Angel, Bubeck, Peres, and Wei’s result showed the first polynomial smoothed complexity, they also conjectured that their run-time bound is far from optimal. In this work, we make substantial progress toward improving the run-time bound. We prove that the smoothed complexity of FLIP for max-cut in complete graphs is O (Φ n 7.83 ). Our results are based on a carefully chosen matrix whose rank captures the run-time of the method along with improved rank bounds for this matrix and an improved union bound based on this matrix. In addition, our techniques provide a general framework for analyzing FLIP in the smoothed framework. We illustrate this general framework by showing that the smoothed complexity of FLIP for MAX-3-CUT in complete graphs is polynomial and for MAX - k - CUT in arbitrary graphs is quasi-polynomial. We believe that our techniques should also be of interest toward showing smoothed polynomial complexity of FLIP for MAX - k - CUT in complete graphs for larger constants k .

Download Full-text

Nondestructive Detection of the Gel State of Preserved Eggs Based on Dielectric Impedance

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 394

Author(s):

Cheng-Han Li ◽

Chun-Hung Hsieh ◽

Cheng-Chu Hung ◽

Ching-Wei Cheng

Keyword(s):

Decay Rate ◽

Mechanical Vibration ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Inspection System ◽

Nyquist Diagram ◽

Detection Technology ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual

After completing the production of preserved eggs, traditionally, the degree of gelling is judged by allowing workers to tap the preserved eggs with their fingers and sense the resulting oscillations. The amount of oscillation is used for the quality classification. This traditional method produces varying results owing to the differences in the sensitivity of the individual workers, who are not objective. In this study, dielectric detection technology was used to classify the preserved eggs nondestructively. The impedance in the frequency range of 2–300 kHz was resolved into resistance and reactance, and was plotted on a Nyquist diagram. Next, the diagram curve was fitted in order to obtain the equivalent circuit, and the difference in the compositions of the equivalent circuits corresponding to gelled and non-gelled preserved eggs was analyzed. A preserved egg can be considered an RLC series circuit, and its decay rate is consistent with the decay rate given by mechanical vibration theory. The Nyquist diagrams for the resistance and reactance of preserved eggs clearly showed that the resistance and reactance of gelled and non-gelled eggs were quite different, and the classification of the eggs was performed using Bayesian network (BN). The results showed that a BN classifier with two variables, i.e., resistance and reactance, can be used to classify preserved eggs as gelled or non-gelled, with an accuracy of 81.0% and a kappa value of 0.62. Thus, a BN classifier based on resistance and reactance demonstrates the ability to classify the quality of preserved egg gel. This research provides a nondestructive method for the inspection of the quality of preserved egg gel, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of an automated preserved egg inspection system that can be used as the scientific basis for the determination of the quality of preserved eggs.

Download Full-text

Nondestructive Analysis of Dragonfly Eye Beads from the Warring States Period, Excavated from a Chu Tomb at the Shenmingpu Site, Henan Province, China

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927612014201 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 335-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yimin Yang ◽

Lihua Wang ◽

Shuya Wei ◽

Guoding Song ◽

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inner Core ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Henan Province ◽

Manufacturing Technology ◽

Warring States Period ◽

Warring States ◽

Time Period ◽

Mold Casting ◽

Warring State Period ◽

Manufacturing Features

AbstractDragonfly eye beads are considered to be the earliest types of glass objects in China, and in the past have been considered as evidence of culture interaction or trade between West and East Asia. In this article, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography and μ-probe energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence were used to determine the chemical composition, microstructure, and manufacturing technology of four dragonfly eye beads, excavated from a Chu tomb at the Shenmingpu site, Henan Province, China, dated stylistically to the Middle and Late Warring State Period (475 bc–221 bc). First, a nondestructive method was used to differentiate the material types including faience (glazed quartz), frit, glazed pottery (clay ceramic), and glass. Three beads were identified as faience and one bead as glazed pottery. The glaze recipe includes quartz, saltpeter, plant ash, and various copper, and is classified as belonging to the K2O-CaO-SiO2 glass system, which indicates that these beads were not imported from the West. Based on computed tomography slices, the manufacturing technology of the faience eye beads appears to include the use of an inner core, molding technology, and the direct application glazing method. These manufacturing features are consistent with the techniques used in China during this same time period for bronze mold-casting, proto-porcelain, and glass.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Synthetic Fibers by Diamond Cell and Sapphire Cell Infrared Spectrophotometry

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/61.3.526 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 526-532

Author(s):

Leonard K Read ◽

Robert J Kopec

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽

Generic Type ◽

Synthetic Fibers ◽

Fiber Sample

Abstract A rapid, simple, and nondestructive method of sample preparation and analysis is described for the infrared spectrophotometric analysis of synthetic fibers. This method uses a combined diamond cell and sapphire cell technique that yields highly resolved spectra with microgramsize fiber samples. From these highly resolved spectra, the generic type of fiber can be readily determined. Although the fiber sample has been physically crushed, it is not destroyed during the analysis and can be further examined by other analytical methods.

Download Full-text