scholarly journals Contención química de un puma (puma concolor) mediante ketamina-medetomidina, revertida con atipamezol, en Tamaulipas, México

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Rendon Franco ◽  
Arturo Caso ◽  
Dulce Maria Brousset Hernández-Jáuregui
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Free Ranging

Chemical restraint of a free-ranging male cougar (Puma concolor) was carried out with Ketamine (90 mg) and Medetomidine (1.2 mg) by an airgun. During the chemical restraint, was necessary to apply additional 75 mg of ketamine. The procedure was reverted with atipamezol. During chemical restraint the animal had excessive salivation and vomit.

Acute Cecal Tympany During Chemical Restraint in Free-Ranging Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) - Iatrogenic Cause and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Derek Rosenfield ◽  
Mario Ferraro ◽  
Priscila Yanai ◽  
Claudia Igayara ◽  
Cristiane Pizzutto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Feline Foamy Virus is Highly Prevalent in Free-Ranging Puma concolor from Colorado, Florida and Southern California

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Kechejian ◽  
Nick Dannemiller ◽  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Carmen Ledesma-Feliciano ◽  
Jennifer Malmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Free Ranging

Feline foamy virus (FFV) is a retrovirus that has been detected in multiple feline species, including domestic cats (Felis catus) and pumas (Puma concolor). FFV results in persistent infection but is generally thought to be apathogenic. Sero-prevalence in domestic cat populations has been documented in several countries, but the extent of viral infections in nondomestic felids has not been reported. In this study, we screened sera from 348 individual pumas from Colorado, Southern California and Florida for FFV exposure by assessing sero-reactivity using an FFV anti-Gag ELISA. We documented a sero-prevalence of 78.6% across all sampled subpopulations, representing 69.1% in Southern California, 77.3% in Colorado, and 83.5% in Florida. Age was a significant risk factor for FFV infection when analyzing the combined populations. This high prevalence in geographically distinct populations reveals widespread exposure of puma to FFV and suggests efficient shedding and transmission in wild populations.

scholarly journals Evidence Confirms the Presence of Cougars (Puma concolor) in Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Rosatte
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Hair Dna ◽  
Standing Question

A study was initiated to collect and collate evidence to resolve the long-standing question of whether free-ranging Cougars (Puma concolor) exist on the Ontario landscape. A total of 497 pieces of evidence confirmed that Cougars were present in Ontario during the period 1991 to 2010. That evidence included 21 pieces of class 1 evidence (scat, hair, DNA, tracks, photographs of a Cougar), 13 class 2 sightings (by qualified observers such as biologists), and 463 class 3 sightings (credible sightings by unqualified observers). The evidence presented in this paper indicates the presence in Ontario of free-ranging Cougars of unknown origin.

scholarly journals Notoedric Mange in Two Free-ranging Mountain Lions (Puma concolor)

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Uzal ◽  
Robin S. Houston ◽  
Seth P. D. Riley ◽  
Robert Poppenga ◽  
Jenee Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Mountain Lions ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Notoedric Mange

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Helminths of Free-ranging Florida Panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and the Efficacy of the Current Anthelmintic Treatment Protocol

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry W. Foster ◽  
Mark W. Cunningham ◽  
John M. Kinsella ◽  
Grace McLaughlin ◽  
Donald J. Forrester
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Puma Concolor Coryi

scholarly journals Energetics and evasion dynamics of large predators and prey: pumasvs.hounds

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb M. Bryce ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers ◽  
Terrie M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Physiological Constraints ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Group Hunting ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

Quantification of fine-scale movement, performance, and energetics of hunting by large carnivores is critical for understanding the physiological underpinnings of trophic interactions. This is particularly challenging for wide-ranging terrestrial canid and felid predators, which can each affect ecosystem structure through distinct hunting modes. To compare free-ranging pursuit and escape performance from group-hunting and solitary predators in unprecedented detail, we calibrated and deployed accelerometer-GPS collars during predator-prey chase sequences using packs of hound dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, 26 kg,n = 4–5 per chase) pursuing simultaneously instrumented solitary pumas (Puma concolor, 60 kg,n = 2). We then reconstructed chase paths, speed and turning angle profiles, and energy demands for hounds and pumas to examine performance and physiological constraints associated with cursorial and cryptic hunting modes, respectively. Interaction dynamics revealed how pumas successfully utilized terrain (e.g., fleeing up steep, wooded hillsides) as well as evasive maneuvers (e.g., jumping into trees, running in figure-8 patterns) to increase their escape distance from the overall faster hounds (avg. 2.3× faster). These adaptive strategies were essential to evasion in light of the mean 1.6× higher mass-specific energetic costs of the chase for pumas compared to hounds (mean: 0.76vs.1.29 kJ kg−1 min−1, respectively). On an instantaneous basis, escapes were more costly for pumas, requiring exercise at ≥90% of predicted $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{MAX}}$ and consuming as much energy per minute as approximately 5 min of active hunting. Our results demonstrate the marked investment of energy for evasion by a large, solitary carnivore and the advantage of dynamic maneuvers to postpone being overtaken by group-hunting canids.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. Furtado ◽  
Sueli A. Taniwaki ◽  
Iracema N. de Barros ◽  
Paulo E. Brandão ◽  
José L. Catão-Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

We describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [FCoV]), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from Brazil. Samples from 2 jaguars ( Panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus) were positive for FHV-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( Puma concolor), and 1 jaguarundi ( Herpairulus yagouaroundi) tested positive for CPPV-1; and 1 puma was positive for FIV. Based on comparison of 103 nucleotides of the UL24-UL25 gene, the FHV-1 sequences were 99–100% similar to the FHV-1 strain of domestic cats. Nucleotide sequences of CPPV-1 were closely related to sequences detected in other wild carnivores, comparing 294 nucleotides of the VP1 gene. The FIV nucleotide sequence detected in the free-ranging puma, based on comparison of 444 nucleotides of the pol gene, grouped with other lentiviruses described in pumas, and had 82.4% identity with a free-ranging puma from Yellowstone Park and 79.5% with a captive puma from Brazil. Our data document the circulation of FHV-1, CPPV-1, and FIV in neotropical felids in Brazil.

scholarly journals Positive-reinforcement strategies to reduce capture-stress in Capybaras

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45819
Author(s):  
Derek Andrew Rosenfield ◽  
Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Capture Stress ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Free Ranging

Prior to the administration of any anesthetics, capturing the semi-aquatic capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) demands physical restraint, which presents immense challenges. Traditional methods, such as lassoing and traps, are prone to induce acute stress, may result in injury, and can even have fatal outcomes. As part of a larger population control project using contraceptive methods, frequent capture-induced stress and injury may directly affect normal reproductive physiology. Thus, choosing a less stress-inducing method was imperative. In this report, we describe methods of conditioning to enable frequent capture and manipulation, using bait as a positive reinforcement associated with a special click-sound, in a free-ranging population of 40 capybaras. The objectives were to attract, herd, and allow capybaras to voluntarily enter a coral. We evaluated the conditioning effect on individual and group behaviors, interpreting vocal and body language manifestations during the processes of conditioning, herding, capture, and recovery (post procedure/chemical restraint), with the aim of minimizing capture-related stress and injuries. Based on our observations, we report that conditioning, used as part of the capture strategies, noticeably facilitated physical restraint and manipulation throughout the procedures, while apparently maintaining the animals’ overall welfare as it relates to conditioning and capture.

scholarly journals Prolonged chemical restraint of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) with etorphine supplemented with medetomidine

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
David Griffiths ◽  
Erik W Born ◽  
Mario Acquarone
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Respiratory Stimulant ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Isotopic Water

Physiological studies involving the use of isotopic water required chemical restraint of free-ranging walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) for several hours. In August 2000, six male walrus (total body mass: 1050–1550 kg) were immobilized in East Greenland by remote delivery of 8.0–9.8 mg of etorphine and subsequently restrained for up to 6.75 h by administration of medetomidine. The effects of etorphine were reversed with 10–24 mg diprenorphine. After termination of the etorphine-induced apnoea, lasting an average of 15.8 min (SD = 9.7, range = 9.5–35.2 min, n = 6), the animals were initially given 10–20 mg medetomidine intramuscularly. The initial dose was further augmented by 5 mg at intervals of 5 min. In two cases, when medetomidine was administered through a catheter inserted in the extradural vein, the animal became instantly apnoeic and regained respiratory function only after intravenous injection of the prescribed dose of the antagonist atipamezole and of the respiratory stimulant doxapram. After an average of 3.5 hours of immobilisation, rectal temperature began to increase and it is conceivable that this is the factor that will ultimately limit the duration of immobilisation. The animals became conscious and fully mobile shortly after an intravenous injection of a dose of atipamezole approximately twice the mass of the total dose of medetomidine given during the procedure followed by 400 mg of doxapram. It is concluded that medetomidine appears to be a suitable drug for chemical restraint of walruses for time-consuming procedures following initial immobilisation by etorphine. With animals of total body mass around 1,000–1,500 kg, the drug should be given intramuscularly in 10–20 mg increments (total mass 10–60 mg) until the breathing rate falls to approximately 1 min-1. At this level, breathing is maintained and animals do not respond to touch or injection.

Instantaneous energetics of puma kills reveal advantage of felid sneak attacks

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 346 (6205) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrie M. Williams ◽  
Lisa Wolfe ◽  
Tracy Davis ◽  
Traci Kendall ◽  
Beau Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Size ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Species Movement

Pumas (Puma concolor) live in diverse, often rugged, complex habitats. The energy they expend for hunting must account for this complexity but is difficult to measure for this and other large, cryptic carnivores. We developed and deployed a physiological SMART (species movement, acceleration, and radio tracking) collar that used accelerometry to continuously monitor energetics, movements, and behavior of free-ranging pumas. This felid species displayed marked individuality in predatory activities, ranging from low-cost sit-and-wait behaviors to constant movements with energetic costs averaging 2.3 times those predicted for running mammals. Pumas reduce these costs by remaining cryptic and precisely matching maximum pouncing force (overall dynamic body acceleration = 5.3 to 16.1g) to prey size. Such instantaneous energetics help to explain why most felids stalk and pounce, and their analysis represents a powerful approach for accurately forecasting resource demands required for survival by large, mobile predators.

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