scholarly journals Motivation as a Predictor of Dental Students' Affective and Behavioral Outcomes: Does the Quality of Motivation Matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Orsini ◽  
Vivian I. Binnie ◽  
Oscar M. Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Quality Of Motivation

scholarly journals Cannabis Use among Older Persons with Arthritis, Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Comparing Apples and Oranges?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Brian Kaskie ◽  
Hyojung Kang ◽  
Divya Bhagianadh ◽  
Julie Bobitt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Impact Processes ◽  
Lower Baseline

Although researchers have identified medications that relieve symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), none are entirely effective and some persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) use alternatives. Our study compared cannabis use among PwMS (N = 135) and persons diagnosed with arthritis (N = 582) or cancer (N = 622) who were age 60 and older, enrolled in the State of Illinois Medical Cannabis Program, and invited to complete a survey fielded between June and September, 2019. We used logistic regression to identify significant differences in self-reported effects of cannabis on psychological wellbeing, quality of life, and three behavioral outcomes, and we also considered effects of past year opioid use relative to these outcomes. We found that the majority of individuals from all groups used cannabis to address pain and improve quality of sleep. While PwMS reported lower baseline levels across all five outcomes, we found that the reported effects of cannabis were largely comparable across the groups. We also found that cannabis benefitted persons with sleep and digestive issues regardless of condition, whereas persons who used opioids in addition to cannabis were less likely to experience an improvement in any of the outcomes. This comparative evaluation suggests that cannabis’ effects are not specific to MS, arthritis, or cancer as much as they impact processes common among these distinct conditions. We also found evidence that cannabis may be a viable alternative to opioids for those with these conditions and experiencing pain.

scholarly journals Parental incarceration affects children’s emotional and behavioral outcomes: A longitudinal cohort study of children aged 9 to 13 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199591
Author(s):  
Daragh Bradshaw ◽  
Ann-Marie Creaven ◽  
Orla T. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Impact

Parental incarceration (PI) is negatively associated with emotional, educational, and psychological child outcomes. However, few studies explore potential mechanisms through which these outcomes are transmitted or the means by which prosocial outcomes might develop. This study used data from two waves of a population cohort study of children aged 9 years and followed up aged 13 years living in Ireland. Children and parents ( N = 8,568) completed measures of PI, primary caregiver (PCG) depression, PCG-child relationship quality, and child behavioral adjustment. We then conducted a secondary analysis on this national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. Using sequential mediation models, we observed a mediated indirect effect of PI on prosocial outcomes via PCG depression and PCG-child relationship quality. PI at age 9 was associated with increased difficulties and reduced prosocial behavior at age 13. Additionally, PI at age 9 affected PCG depression and the PCG-child relationship quality. Additionally, child prosocial outcomes, and emotional and behavioral difficulties were less apparent where PI had a weaker effect on PCG depression and the quality of PCG-child relationship. Supports that can mitigate the impact of PI for vulnerable caregivers and children are discussed.

scholarly journals A University-based Survey of Career Choices and Perspectives on Higher Education among Dental Students in United Arab Emirates.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-222
Author(s):  
Shishir Shetty ◽  
Raghavendra Shetty ◽  
Sangeetha Narasimhan ◽  
Sura Al-Bayati ◽  
Hossam Abdelmagyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Dental Post

Background: Over the past decade, higher education has made significant progress in the Gulf Corporation Council Region (GCC) due to the promotion and investments made by the local governments. Medical and dental higher education has undergone massive transformation across all the universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to the implementation of innovative educational policies. Objectives: The objective of the survey was to determine the career choices and assess the perspectives on higher education among dental students of a medical university in the UAE. Methodology: Structured closed-ended survey questionnaire was provided to 377 respondents at a dental school of a private medical university in UAE. Results: The results of the survey revealed that 51% of the respondents wanted to pursue specialization in dentistry. Orthodontics (33%), endodontics (28%) and oral surgery (16%) were the most preferred branches for specialization. UAE was the most preferred destination for pursuing specialization. Quality of education and proximity to the family were the most common reasons for selecting UAE as the destination for specialization. 36% of the survey respondents wanted more dental post-graduate seats to be available in the UAE. 57% of the survey respondents felt that the cost of post-graduation is comparable to other countries. 64% of the survey respondents felt that Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) program should be offered by medical universities in the UAE. Conclusion: To conclude it can be stated that dental undergraduate students in the UAE prefer to pursue specialization in clinical branches like orthodontics, endodontics and oral surgery. Majority of the respondents prefer to pursue their specialization in the UAE due to the quality of education. Survey respondents felt that there was a need to offer more dental post-graduation and dental PhD programs by UAE universities.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH TO PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL STUDENTS OF THE CLINICAL DEPARTMENT: QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL ORAL HYGIENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Sergey Griroriev ◽  
Svetlana Ssablina ◽  
Dina Sorokoumova ◽  
Anna Yepishova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ultrasound Device ◽  
Clinical Department ◽  
Medical University

Subject. The main goal of the medical dental education is to prepare a responsible and qualified professional ready for self-determination and self-realization. Training of dental students in Medical University provides professional competencies in various medical specialties. Today, however, the social requirement is the realization of professional competencies of dentists in periodontology which is inseparable from regular professional oral hygiene. This study covers analysis and investigation of capability and preparedness of dental students to realize personal preventive, diagnostic and curing competencies at therapeutic consultations. Objective — to assess the quality of professional oral hygiene performed by the fifth-year students during practice (course “Periodontology”) for patients with chronic simple marginal gingivitis and mild periodontitis. Methodology. The students examined and treated 50 patients with chronic generalized simple marginal gingivitis (30 patients) and mild periodontitis (20 patients) in the age of 18—38, apparently healthy, both sexes. The patients were divided into 2 groups. All patients were subjected to professional oral hygiene — in the first group by the piezoelectric ultrasound device, in the second group by the combined method, both with hand tools and the piezoelectric ultrasound device [16]. The check inspection was made in a week. The results were measured by statistical methods. Results. Education of professional oral hygiene is carried out by the Department of Preventive Dentistry and Propedeutics of Dental Disease and is the basic component of professional course of disciplines. At practical training of the full-time course of the Faculty of Dentistry students learn medical procedures, solve real-life diagnostic and medical tasks. Conclusions. During study at the Ural State Medical University, the Clinical Department ensures professional socialization and personal development of dental students; it builds their necessary knowledge, skills, experience and qualities, as well as professional competencies and commitment to provide these services self-reliantly.

scholarly journals Dental Students’ Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Temporomandibular Dysfunction-Self-Rating versus Clinical Assessment

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Dagmar Schnabl ◽  
Philipp Sandbichler ◽  
Maximilian Neumaier ◽  
Johannes Girstmair ◽  
Fabian Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
G 14

The aim of this study was to compare dental students’ self-perception of oral health with the results of a clinical examination of the masticatory system. Seventy-four dental students (38 (51.4%) females and 36 (48.6%) males) completed the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-G-14) and underwent a clinical examination according to the Graz Dysfunction Index (GDI). Data were analyzed with descriptive and comparative statistics. Median OHIP-G-14 scores were 3 (IQR 0–6) in the total collective, 4 (1–11) in females, and 2 (0–4) in males (p = 0.072). A score of 0 was found in 29.7% of the sample. The results of the GDI were 50% “normal function”, 43.2% “adaptation”, 5.4% “compensation”, and 1.4% “dysfunction”. The comparison of OHIP-G-14 scores and DGI groups showed a significant difference (p = 0.031). Based on the questionnaire, less than one third of the sample indicated maximum oral health-related quality of life. In contrast, the GDI revealed “normal function” or “adaptation” in 93.2%. Dental students underappreciated their oral health condition. Health assessments should not be solely questionnaire-based, especially in health professionals (-to-be). To establish a valid diagnosis of the state of health, self-assessment must be complemented by an objective clinical examination, e.g., GDI.

scholarly journals Comparing Two Views Of Video Demonstration For Access Cavity Preparation: A QuasiRandomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Liew Kia Cheen ◽  
Hazem Dabbour ◽  
Dalia Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Demonstration

Introduction: Demonstration of the access cavity preparation procedures to dental students is challenging due to the limited operating field and detailed nature of the procedures. It is especially difficult to visualize how instruments are functioning inside the pulp space. The aim of this study was to develop and compare two different views of video demonstration in teaching access cavity preparation. Materials and Methods: Two videos of access cavity preparation were filmed, showing occlusal view of a whole tooth (WT) and sagittal view of a sectioned tooth (ST). Using quasirandomization, third year dental students (n=57) were divided into two groups to watch either one of the videos. The perception and performance of both groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. Results: At baseline, group WT (n=29) and group ST (n=28) were not significantly different in terms of operative scores (p=0.330). After watching the videos, the basic understanding of the theories were similar between both groups. However, ST responded more positively towards the helpfulness of the video in visualizing the inner anatomy of the tooth and in implementing the procedures (p<0.05). ST also completed the exercise within a shorter time (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the quality of the prepared access cavities was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion(s): Using sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation can improve students learning and performance speed. We highly recommend showing the sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation. 

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