Introducing Multimodal Sliding Index: Qualitative Feedback, Perceived Workload, and Driving Performance with an Auditory Enhanced Menu Navigation Method

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta R. Sardesai ◽  
Thomas M. Gable ◽  
Bruce N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Device ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Audio Cues ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
New Type ◽  
Navigation Method

Using auditory menus on a mobile device has been studied in depth with standard flicking, as well as wheeling and tapping interactions. Here, we introduce and evaluate a new type of interaction with auditory menus, intended to speed up movement through a list. This multimodal “sliding index” was compared to use of the standard flicking interaction on a phone, while the user was also engaged in a driving task. The sliding index was found to require less mental workload than flicking. What’s more, the way participants used the sliding index technique modulated their preferences, including their reactions to the presence of audio cues. Follow-on work should study how sliding index use evolves with practice.

scholarly journals Study on mechanical properties of a new type of prefabricated GRC mold shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Chen Dong ◽  
Chen Ming ◽  
Cai Ouyang ◽  
Li Pengkun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Section Size ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
New Type ◽  
Prefabricated Building

The GRC formwork structural column adopts the factory-based vertical prefabrication production process, which can reduce the floor space, reduce the formwork loss, speed up the construction progress, promote the full decoration of the prefabricated building, and improve the efficiency of the assembly construction. major. In order to optimize the production process of prefabricated GRC formwork column, the overall stress system of GRC formwork structure is analyzed in the concrete pouring process, and the thickness of GRC formwork, the number of steel hoops and the GRC mode are considered. The influence of the shell cross-section size on the mechanical properties. The research results can provide reference for the optimization and design of prefabricated GRC formwork column production process.

Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Paula A. Desmond
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Performance Impairment ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Effort Regulation ◽  
Compensatory Effort

States of fatigue are implicated in driver impairment and motor vehicle accidents. This article reports two studies investigating two possible mechanisms for performance impairment: (1) loss of attentional resources; and (2) active regulation of matching effort to task demands. The first hypothesis predicts that fatigue effects will be accentuated by high task demands, but the second hypothesis predicts that fatigue effects will be strongest in “underload” conditions. In two studies, drivers performed a stimulated driving task, in which task demands were manipulated by varying road curvature. In a “fatigue induction” condition, the early part of the drive was occupied by performance of a demanding secondary task concurrently with driving, after which the concurrent task ceased. Post-induction driving performance was compared with a control condition in which drivers were not exposed to the induction. In both studies, the fatigue induction elicited various subjective fatigue and stress symptoms, and also raised reported workload. Fatigue effects on vehicle control and signal detection were assessed during and after the fatigue induction. The fatigue induction increased heading error, reduced steering activity, and, in the second study, reduced perceptual sensitivity on a secondary detection task. These effects were confined to driving on straight rather than on curved road sections, consistent with the effort regulation hypothesis. The second study showed that fatigue effects were moderated by a motivational manipulation. Results are interpreted within a control model, such that task-induced fatigue may reduce awareness of performance impairment, rather than reluctance or inability to mobilize compensatory effort following detection of impairment.

scholarly journals Anger Effects on Driver Situation Awareness and Driving Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myounghoon Jeon ◽  
Bruce N. Walker ◽  
Thomas M. Gable
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Neutral Affect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotional Effects

Research has suggested that emotional states have critical effects on various cognitive processes, which are important components of situation awareness (Endsley, 1995b). Evidence from driving studies has also emphasized the importance of driver situation awareness for performance and safety. However, to date, little research has investigated the relationship between emotional effects and driver situation awareness. In our experiment, 30 undergraduates drove in a simulator after induction of either anger or neutral affect. Results showed that an induced angry state can degrade driver situation awareness as well as driving performance as compared to a neutral state. However, the angry state did not have an impact on participants' subjective judgment or perceived workload, which might imply that the effects of anger occurred below their level of conscious awareness. One of the reasons participants showed a lack of compensation for their deficits in performance might be that they were not aware of severe impacts of emotional effects on driving performance.

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Task Measures as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Wierwille ◽  
James C. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Task Measure

In a previously reported experiment involving a moving base driving simulator with computer-generated display, secondary task measures of workload showed significant increases as a function of large changes in vehicle dynamics and disturbance levels. Because the secondary task measures appeared less sensitive than desired, driving performance measures recorded during the same experiment were later analyzed. Particular emphasis in examining the driving performance data was placed on (1) determining the degree of intrusion of the secondary task on the driving task as a function of the independent variables, and (2) on comparing the sensitivity of the primary and secondary task measures. The results showed the secondary task does intrude significantly upon the driving task performance at low workload levels, but that it does not significantly intrude at high workload levels. Also, when the four primary task measures were analyzed for sensitivity to the independent variables, new information was obtained indicating greater sensitivity than is obtained with the single secondary task measure. Steering ratio, for example, is found to affect performance at high disturbance levels—a result not obtained in examining the secondary task by itself. The merits of primary and secondary task performance analysis are discussed, and suggestions are made for future work.

Analysis on the Carbon Emission (CE) Arising from the Direct Energy Consumption (EC) of Beijing's Construction Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1822-1825
Author(s):  
Jun Song Jia ◽  
Qiong Chen ◽  
Lin Lin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
New Type ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Taking the construction industry of Beijing as an example, we, first, accounted the energy consumption (EC) and carbon emission (CE) in 1990-2012. Then, we used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method to analyze the drivers of the CE. It was found the EC and the CE of Beijings construction industry in 1990 was 8.1 PJ and 0.99 Mt, respectively. They grew up to 30.6 PJ and 4.52 Mt in 2012. The increasing number was 22.5 PJ and 3.53 Mt with an average annual growth rate of 6.23% and 7.15%. The sources of CE were mainly arising from electricity, diesel, gasoline and raw coal. The driver's size of GDP per capita (A) was bigger than population (P). The 1% increase of A or P would make the CE increase 1.758% or 0.105%, respectively. The classical hypothesis of Environmental Kuznet's curve did exist in the CE of Beijing's construction industry. The urbanization rate increased 1%, to some extent, would make the CE decrease 0.421%. The improvement of scientific study itself cannot make the CE decrease. Only when the gotten achievements were transformed into the concrete technology and used in real life, the CE might decrease. So, it was necessary to speed up the new-type urbanization strategies, the development pattern's upgrade and transformation of economy and to continue to carry out national relevant policies on controlling population growth.

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics and Nonparametric Test for Master-Slave Driving Task’s Mental Workload Evaluation in Mountain Area Highway at Night

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haiwei Wang ◽  
Jianrong Liu ◽  
Feng You
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Driving Task

With the rapid development of advanced mobile intelligent terminals, driving tasks are diverse, and new traffic safety problems occur. We propose a new research on physiological characteristics and nonparametric tests for the master-slave driving task, especially for evaluation of drivers’ mental workload in mountain area highway in nighttime scenario. First, we establish the experimental platform based driving simulator and design the master-slave driving task. Second, based on the physiological data and subjective evaluation for mental workload, we use statistical methods to composite the physical changes evolution analysis in a driving simulator. Finally, we finished nonparametric test of the drivers’ psychological load and road test. The results show that in compassion with the daytime scenario, drivers should pay much effort to driving skills and risk identification in the nighttime scenario. Thus, in the same driving condition, drivers should bear the higher level of mental workload, and it has been subjected to even greater pressures and intensity of emotions.

Investigating the Effects of Visuospatial Memory Secondary Tasks on LCT Driving Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wu ◽  
Yueqi Hu ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Haoxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Memory Group ◽  
Lane Change Test ◽  
Lane Keeping

Memory demand is associated with increased mental workload. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of visuospatial memory secondary tasks on driving performance. Memory tasks for the unknown word-figure pairs and recognition tasks for word-figure pairs at two-level difficulties were employed separately to represent working memory’s process and long-term memory’s process. A simulator study was conducted based on the simulation of the standard environment of Lane change test (LCT). The performance of lane keeping, lane change, and secondary tasks was measured by statistical methods. The comprehensive appraisal model was constructed to quantify total driving performance. The results showed that the mean path deviation, steering angle, and lane excursion times increased, and the proportion of correct lane change decreased, with the perceived workload increasing and the total driving performance decreasing in dual-task driving condition. Compared with the simple working memory group, as the difficulty of tasks increased in difficult working memory group, lane change performance degraded and the perceived workload increased. In contrast to difficult working memory group, the performance of lane keeping and lane change increased, while the perceived workload decreased and the total performance increased by about 50% in difficult recognition group. There were few differences between the simple working memory group and simple recognition group. The difficult working memory group had the lowest total driving performance. The results indicate that as the secondary task’s difficulty increases, driving performance will degrade. Performance improves significantly when the working memory process is converted to the recognition process. This trend is more obvious when the memory task assumes to be more difficult.

Effect of Audio-Visual Alerts on Situation Awareness and Workload in a Net-Centric Warfare Scenario

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Ross ◽  
John S. Barnett ◽  
Larry L. Meliza
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Advantage ◽  
Inherent Nature

The goal of net-centric warfare (NCW) is to give soldiers an information advantage that leads to a war-fighting advantage. However, the inherent nature of NCW systems is often quite complex and dynamic, which leads to impaired situation awareness (SA) and heightened levels of mental workload for the human operator. The following study investigated the moderating effects of automated audio-visual alerts on user SA and perceived workload while using a net-centric warfare system. Twenty-six participants observed battlefield scenarios on a simulation of the common NCW system, Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), and were required to pay attention and remember critical events (e.g., the appearance of an enemy unit). The system was presented with or without an automated alerting aid that provided combined auditory and visual alerts when certain critical events occurred (i.e., System to Help Implement and Empower Leader Decisions; SHIELD). Results revealed that contrary to current assumptions the use of an automated alerting aid did not impact user SA; however, perceived workload was significantly lower with the addition of the alerting aid. This work demonstrates that the automated alerts used in this NCW experiment do not affect SA (either positively or negatively) and decreased perceived workload.

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