Single Worm PCR

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanglian He
Keyword(s):  
Single Worm

scholarly journals Tools for diagnosis, monitoring and screening ofSchistosomainfections utilizing lateral-flow based assays and upconverting phosphor labels

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (14) ◽  
pp. 1841-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL L. A. M. CORSTJENS ◽  
CLAUDIA J. DE DOOD ◽  
DIEUWKE KORNELIS ◽  
ELISA M. TJON KON FAT ◽  
R. ALAN WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Single Worm

SUMMARYThe potential of various quantitative lateral flow (LF) based assays utilizing up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporters for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis is reviewed including recent developments. Active infections are demonstrated by screening for the presence of regurgitated worm antigens (genus specific polysaccharides), whereas anti-Schistosomaantibodies may indicate ongoing as well as past infections. The circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum or urine (and potentially also saliva) is identified as the marker that may allow detection of single-worm infections. Quantitation of antigen levels is a reliable method to study effects of drug administration, worm burden and anti-fecundity mechanisms. Moreover, the ratio of CAA and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) is postulated to facilitate identification of eitherSchistosoma mansoniorSchistosoma haematobiuminfections. The UCP-LF assays allow simultaneous detection of multiple targets on a single strip, a valuable feature for antibody detection assays. Although antibody detection in endemic regions is not a useful tool to diagnose active infections, it gains potential when the ratio of different classes of antibody specific for the parasite/disease can be determined. The UCP-LF antibody assay format allows this type of multiplexing, including testing a linear array of up to 20 different targets. Multiple test spots would allow detection of specific antibodies, e.g. against differentSchistosomaspecies or other pathogens as soil-transmitted helminths. Concluding, the different UCP-LF based assays for diagnosis of schistosomiasis provide a collection of tests with relatively low complexity and high sensitivity, covering the full range of diagnostics needed in control programmes for mapping, screening and monitoring.

Survey of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in frogs in Taiwan and its experimental infection in cats

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Ooi ◽  
S.L. Chang ◽  
C.C. Huang ◽  
Y. Kawakami ◽  
A. Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
First Report ◽  
Single Worm ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractEighteen of 56 (32.1%) wild Rana limnocharis from central and south Taiwan were found to contain plerocercoids of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei infections in frogs in Taiwan, with the plerocercoids being recovered from the thigh and back muscles or under the skin. Other species of frogs examined, including nine wild R. latouchii, one wild Buergeria robustus and 110 cultured R. rugulosa were free of infection. The plerocercoids were orally inoculated into four cats; three of which were each given a single plerocercoid and one a dose of three plerocercoids. Daily faecal examination showed that two cats started shedding eggs of S. erinaceieuropaei on day 8 postinfection (PI) and the other two on day 10 PI. The highest eggs per gram and eggs per day for a single worm was found to be 428,000 and 14,416,000 respectively. Only the cat inoculated with three plerocercoids shed proglottids in its faeces during the 2 month observation period.

Abnormal patterns of embryogenesis in Dirofilaria immitis treated with ivermectin

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Lok ◽  
T. Harpaz ◽  
D. H. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Single Worm

ABSTRACTThe percentage composition and spatial distribution of embryogenic stages in the uteri of female Dirofilaria immitis were examined at various times after treatment with a microfilaricidal dose of ivermectin and compared to nontreated parasites. Worms sampled 42 days post-treatment (PT) exhibited an increased proportion of stretched microfilariae in the distal portion of the uterus. A decreased proportion of developed embryos was noted in the mid body region of worms sampled 42 days PT, and these forms were completely absent from the proximal area of the uterus. Relative numbers and spatial distribution of other stages remained virtually identical to controls. Radical changes in the composition and spatial distribution of embryogenic forms were noted in the uteri of a single worm sampled 80 days PT. Unlike nontreated parasites and worms sampled 42 days PT, stretched crofilariae constituted the predominant form in the distal uterus of this worm, and these stages were found in decreasing numbers throughout the proximal segments. Also, the intermediate embryogenic stages were either rare or absent.

scholarly journals The global diversity of Haemonchus contortus is shaped by human intervention and climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sallé ◽  
S. R. Doyle ◽  
J. Cortet ◽  
J. Cabaret ◽  
M. Berriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Benzimidazole Anthelmintic ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Single Worm

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a haematophagous parasitic nematode of veterinary interest. We have performed a survey of its genome-wide diversity using single-worm whole genome sequencing of 223 individuals sampled from 19 isolates spanning five continents. We find an African origin for the species, together with evidence for parasites spreading during the transatlantic slave trade and colonisation of Australia. Strong selective sweeps surrounding the β-tubulin locus, a target of benzimidazole anthelmintic drug, are identified in independent populations. These sweeps are further supported by signals of diversifying selection enriched in genes involved in response to drugs and other anthelmintic-associated biological functions. We also identify some candidate genes that may play a role in ivermectin resistance. Finally, genetic signatures of climate-driven adaptation are described, revealing a gene acting as an epigenetic regulator and components of the dauer pathway. These results begin to define genetic adaptation to climate in a parasitic nematode.

scholarly journals Effects of larval density on gene regulation in C. elegans during routine L1 synchronization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Io Long Chan ◽  
Oliver J. Rando ◽  
Colin C. Conine
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Gfp Reporter ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Single Worm

ABSTRACTBleaching gravid C. elegans followed by a short period of starvation of the L1 larvae is a routine method performed by worm researchers for generating synchronous populations for experiments. During the process of investigating dietary effects on gene regulation in L1 stage worms by single-worm RNA-Seq, we found that the density of resuspended L1 larvae affects expression of many mRNAs. Specifically, a number of genes related to metabolism and signalling are highly expressed in worms arrested at low density, but are repressed at higher arrest densities. We generated a GFP reporter strain based on one of the most density-dependent genes in our dataset – lips-15 – and confirmed that this reporter was expressed specifically in worms arrested at relatively low density. Finally, we show that conditioned media from high density L1 cultures was able to downregulate lips-15 even in L1 animals arrested at low density, and experiments using daf-22 mutant animals demonstrated that this effect is not mediated by the ascaroside family of signalling pheromones. Together, our data implicate a soluble signalling molecule in density sensing by L1 stage C. elegans, and provide guidance for design of experiments focused on early developmental gene regulation.

scholarly journals Micro-proteomics with iterative data analysis: Proteome analysis inC. elegansat the single worm level

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Bensaddek ◽  
Vikram Narayan ◽  
Armel Nicolas ◽  
Alejandro Brenes Murillo ◽  
Anton Gartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Single Worm

scholarly journals Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): the capacity of adult worms to survive following transplantation to recipient mice

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
Diane J. Williams ◽  
J. Hannah ◽  
D. I. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Single Worm

SUMMARYChronic primary infections with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius) are still relatively poorly documented, particularly in relation to the role of host resistance in limiting worm survival. In the present work the duration of infection with H. polygyrus was studied in CFLP mice given doses of infective larvae ranging from 50 to 500 L3. The least heavily infected (50 L3) group ceased egg production earliest (week 36) whereas eggs were still detected in the faeces of mice given 500 larvae in week 42. At autopsy (week 42) mice given 50 larvae had virtually lost their entire worm burden with 5 out of 11 mice still harbouring a single worm each. However, all the mice in the group given 500 larvae were still infected, the highest worm burden being 93. The concentration of serum IgGl and specific antibody was highest in mice given 500 larvae, but sera taken from mice with declining worm burdens 19–38 weeks post-infection did not contain detectable host-protective antibody. During the course of infection in CFLP mice, H, polygyrus sustained irreversible changes in its capacity for subsequent survival. Thus, adult worms transferred to naive mice 2, 7, 14, 30 or 36 weeks post-infection did not live longer than worms of a comparable age in the respective donor group. In contrast, primary infection worms taken from jirds in which expulsion is usually completed by 6 weeks post-infection, re-established in mice and survived considerably longer than in the group of donor jirds. These results were discussed in relation to the possible interactions between parasite senility and immunomodulation, and host resistance in limiting primary infections with H. polygyrus in mice and jirds.

scholarly journals Front cover: Micro-proteomics with iterative data analysis: Proteome analysis in C. elegans at the single worm level

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Dalila Bensaddek ◽  
Vikram Narayan ◽  
Armel Nicolas ◽  
Alejandro Brenes Murillo ◽  
Anton Gartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Single Worm

Site of sex pheromone production in Ascaris suum (Nematoda)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Garcia-Rejon ◽  
M. Sanchez-Moreno ◽  
S. Verdejo ◽  
M. Monteoliva
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Male Pheromone ◽  
Sexual Pheromones ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Single Worm ◽  
Sex Pheromone Production

The site of production of sexual pheromones in Ascaris suum was studied. Different organ and tissue homogenates were used as attractant sources and a single worm of the opposite sex was used as a responder. The possible attraction of the worms towards homogenates from their own sexes was tested also. Males were attracted significantly to sexual organs of females, whereas females were attracted to testes and male body fluid. Females were attracted weakly to male cuticles. Attraction to homosexual sources was not found. The sexual organs are proposed as the site of pheromonal production in both sexes, and the body fluid as the vehicle for transport of male pheromone.

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