Analysis of pulp mill effluent contaminants in water, sediment, and fish bile-fatty and resin acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Morales ◽  
Detlef A. Birkholz ◽  
Steve E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Fish Bile

Biomarker Responses by Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius) Living in a Pond of Secondary Treated Pulp Mill Effluent

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. K. Kukkonen ◽  
E. Punta ◽  
P. Koponen ◽  
J. Paranko ◽  
H. Leppänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Carassius Carassius ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Organic Chlorine ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Crucian Carp Carassius Carassius

Biochemical and histological biomarkers by the adult crucian carp (Carassius carassius (L.)) living in a biologically treated pulp mill effluent were studied. Enocell pulp mill in Uimaharju, Finland, discharges its effluents through a waste water pond to the River Pielisjoki. This pond harbours an introduced crucian carp population that apparently reproduces on site. The objective of the present study was to measure possible hormonal effects of treated pulp mill effluent on crucian carps living in a wastewater pond. Adult fish were collected for analysis by traps. A reference population was sampled from a small natural pond. Blood and bile samples were taken for analyses of hemoglobin, hematocrit, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), vitellogenin, organic chlorine compounds, resin acids and neutral wood-based compounds. In addition, a histological analysis of male gonads was made. The exposed fish had higher concentration of organic chlorine compounds, resin acids and β-sitosterol in bile compared to the reference fish. The same compounds could also be found in sediment of the wastewater pond. The exposed male fish had higher liver somatic index (LSI), lower gonad somatic index (GSI), lower haemoglobin and haemocrit, but higher T3 than in the reference fish. In addition, in an average, increased plasma testosterone concentration and decreased thyroxin (T4) levels were found in the exposed male fish. No vitellogenin production was found in the exposed male fish and some females showed decreased vitellogenin levels. The histological structure of the gonads in the exposed males was normal. The results suggest more anti-estrogenic than estrogenic effects of pulp mill effluents on the crucian carp.

Occurrence of Various Off-Flavours in Fish in Finland from 1969 to 1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kuusi ◽  
M Suihko
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Technical Research ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Numerical Scale

Off-flavours in fish were studied from 1969 to 1981 at the Food Research Laboratory of the Technical Research Centre of Finland using sensory methods. In all, 1982 samples of 18 species of Finnish fish, most of them suspected of being tainted, were studied. A trained taste panel scoring on a numerical scale of 0-10, where a score of 5 or less was unacceptable, was used. The off-flavours described were oil, kraft pulp mill effluent, sewage (musty), muddy, rancid, and others. Of all these samples, 34.9% were unacceptable. The most common off-flavour was kraft pulp mill effluent, present in 41.2 % of the unacceptable samples. In acceptable fish slight off-flavours were somet imes found. Of the muddy fish, only 35.2 % of the bream and 28.8 % of the northern pike were unacceptable. The panel was able to discriminate between the different off-flavours, but, in some cases, the boundaries were vague.

Characterization of odorous compounds from bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Brownlee ◽  
S. L. Kenefick ◽  
G. A. MacInnis ◽  
S. E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Methyl Phenyl Sulfide ◽  
Library Spectrum

Odour compounds in extracts of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) have been characterized by olfactory gas chromatography (OGC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A variety of sulfury odours was detected by OGC in addition to woody and pulp mill-like odours. Three sulfur compounds were identified by comparison of retention times and partial mass spectra with authentic standards: dimethyl disulfide, 3-methylthiophene and thioanisole (methyl phenyl sulfide). Typical concentrations in BKME were 1, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/l, respectively. Their odour intensity is relatively low and they were not detected by OGC. Dimethyl trisulfide was tentatively identified by comparison of its partial mass spectrum with a literature (library) spectrum. Its concentration in BKME was estimated at 0.5-2 μg/l. It corresponded to a skunky odour in the OGC profiles. Efforts to identify another odour peak, eluting just after 3-methylthiophene, with a pronounced alkyl sulfide odour were unsuccessful.

Growth responses of periphyton and chironomids exposed to biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Dubé ◽  
J. M. Culp
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wood Extractives ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

Experiments were conducted in artificial streams to determine the effects of increasing concentrations of biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKPME) on periphyton and chironomid growth in the Thompson River, British Columbia. Periphyton growth, as determined by increases in chlorophyll a, was significantly stimulated at all effluent concentrations tested (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and, 10.0%). Chironomid growth (individual weight) was also significantly stimulated at low effluent concentrations (≤1.0%). At higher concentrations (5.0% and 10.0%), chironomid growth was inhibited relative to the 1.0% treatment streams. Increases in growth were attributed to the effects of nutrient and organic enrichment from BKPME. The effluent contained high concentrations of phosphorus and appears to be an important source of carbon for benthic insects grazing on the biofilm. In high concentration effluent streams, chironomid growth decreased despite low levels of typical pulp mill contaminants. This suggests that other compounds in the effluent, such as wood extractives, may be inhibiting chironomid growth. These results support findings of field monitoring studies conducted in the Thompson River where changes in periphyton and chironomid abundance occurred downstream of the bleached kraft pulp mill.

Evaluation of the Sub-lethal Toxicity of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent to Carassius auratus and Dicentrarchus labrax

2010 ◽  
Vol 217 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário S. Diniz ◽  
Ruth Pereira ◽  
Ana C. Freitas ◽  
Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos ◽  
Luisa Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lethal Toxicity

Degradation of Pulp-Mill Effluent by Oxygen and Na5[PV2Mo10O40], a Multipurpose Delignification and Wet Air Oxidation Catalyst

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 4134-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Sonnen ◽  
Richard S. Reiner ◽  
Rajai H. Atalla ◽  
Ira A. Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Wet Air Oxidation
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