Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) to α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) ratio modifies polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in human CD3+ T cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Von Gerichten ◽  
Graham Burdge ◽  
Elizabeth Miles ◽  
Nicola Irvine ◽  
Barbara Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in human CD3+ T cells is temporally related to cell activation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette West ◽  
Karen Lilycrop ◽  
Philip Calder ◽  
Barbara Fielding ◽  
Johanna Von Gerichten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Serine/threonine Kinases Play Important Roles in Regulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Chen ◽  
Yuelei Cao ◽  
Huairong Zhong ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Yanle Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Unicellular Cyanobacterium ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Threonine Kinases

Serine/threonine kinases (STKs) play important roles in prokaryotic cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, and secondary metabolism. When the external environment changes, prokaryotes rely on signal transduction systems, including STKs that quickly sense these changes and alter gene expression to induce the appropriate metabolic changes. In this study, we examined the roles of the STK genes spkD and spkG in fatty acid biosynthesis in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, using targeted gene knockout. The linoleic acid (C18: 2), γ-linolenic acid (C18: 3n6), α-linolenic acid (C18: 3n3), and stearidonic acid (C18: 4) levels were significantly lower in spkD and spkG gene knockout mutants than in the wild type at a culture temperature of 30°C and a light intensity of 40 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. The expression levels of fatty acid desaturases and STK genes differed between the spkD and spkG gene knockout mutants. These observations suggest that spkD and spkG may directly or indirectly affect the fatty acid composition in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by regulating the expression of fatty acid desaturases genes. Therefore, the STK genes spkD and spkG play important roles in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. These findings could facilitate the development of cyanobacteria germplasm resources that yield high levels of fatty acids. In addition, they provide a theoretical basis for the genetic engineering of cyanobacteria with improved yields of secondary metabolites and increased economic benefits.

scholarly journals Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Miao ◽  
Lijing Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Shuzhen Nan ◽  
Xiaolong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Desert Shrub ◽  
Artemisia Sphaerocephala

Abstract Background Linoleic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for all eukaryotes. Microsomal delta-12 (Δ12) oleate desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid biosynthesis. Desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala is rich in linoleic acid, it has a large FAD2 gene family with twenty-six members. The aim of this work is to unveil the difference and potentially functionality of AsFAD2 family members. Results Full-length cDNAs of twenty-one AsFAD2 genes were obtained from A. sphaerocephala. The putative polypeptides encoded by AsFAD2 family genes showed a high level of sequence similarity and were relatively conserved during evolution. The motif composition was also relatively conservative. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the AsFAD2–1 gene was strongly expressed in developing seeds, which may be closely associated with the high accumulating ability of linoleic acid in A. sphaerocephala seeds. Although different AsFAD2 family members showed diverse response to salt stress, the overall mRNA levels of the AsFAD2 family genes was stable. Transient expression of AsFAD2 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that the encoded proteins were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that only three AsFAD2 enzymes, AsFAD2–1, − 10, and − 23, were Δ12 oleate desaturases, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid, whereas AsFAD2–1 and AsFAD2–10 could also produce palmitolinoleic acid. Conclusions This research reported the cloning, expression studies, subcellular localization and functional identification of the large AsFAD2 gene family. These results should be helpful in understanding fatty acid biosynthesis in A. sphaerocephala, and has the potential to be applied in the study of plant fatty acids traits.

scholarly journals The same rat Δ6-desaturase not only acts on 18- but also on 24-carbon fatty acids in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine D'ANDREA ◽  
Hervé GUILLOU ◽  
Sophie JAN ◽  
Daniel CATHELINE ◽  
Jean-Noël THIBAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

The recently cloned Δ6-desaturase is known to catalyse the first step in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, i.e. the desaturation of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The hypothesis that this enzyme could also catalyse the terminal desaturation step, i.e. the desaturation of 24-carbon highly unsaturated fatty acids, has never been elucidated. To test this hypothesis, the activity of rat Δ6-desaturase expressed in COS-7 cells was investigated. Recombinant Δ6-desaturase expression was analysed by Western blot, revealing a single band at 45kDa. The putative involvement of this enzyme in the Δ6-desaturation of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3 was measured by incubating transfected cells with C22:5n-3. Whereas both transfected and non-transfected COS-7 cells were able to synthesize C24:5n-3 by elongation of C22:5n-3, only cells expressing Δ6-desaturase were also able to produce C24:6n-3. In addition, Δ6-desaturation of [1-14C]C24:5n-3 was assayed invitro in homogenates from COS-7 cells expressing Δ6-desaturase or not, showing that Δ6-desaturase catalyses the conversion of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3. Evidence is therefore presented that the same rat Δ6-desaturase catalyses not only the conversion of C18:3n-3 to C18:4n-3, but also the conversion of C24:5n-3 to C24:6n-3. A similar mechanism in the n-6 series is strongly suggested.

scholarly journals Dietary Fish Oil Alters DNA Methylation of Genes Involved in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Muscle and Liver of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar )

Lipids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 725-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Irvine ◽  
Bente Ruyter ◽  
Tone‐Kari Østbye ◽  
Anna K. Sonesson ◽  
Karen A. Lillycrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Dietary Fish
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