Alternative Feedstocks and the Synergy Between Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Microwave resonance method for measuring microliter volumes of free moisture in aviation fuels

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-3-49-56 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Vitaly V. Volkov ◽

Michael A. Suslin ◽

Jamil U. Dumbolov

Keyword(s):

Solid Surface ◽

Free Water ◽

Resonance Method ◽

Cavity Resonator ◽

Maximum Error ◽

Aviation Fuel ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Microwave Resonance ◽

Free Moisture ◽

Microwave Losses

One of the conditions for ensuring the safety of air transport operation is the quality of aviation fuel refueled in aircraft. Fuel quality control is a multi-parameter task that includes monitoring the free moisture content. Regulatory documents establish the content of free water no more than 0.0015% by weight. It is developed a direct electrometric microwave resonance method for controlling free moisture in aviation fuels, which consists in changing the shape of the water drops by pressing them on a solid surface inside a cylindrical cavity resonator. This can dramatically increase dielectric losses. Analytical and experimental analysis of the proposed method is carried out. The control range from 0,5 to 30 μl of absolute volume of moisture in aviation fuels with a maximum error of not morethan 25 % is justified. The sensitivity of the proposed method for monitoring microwave losses in free moisture drops transformed into a thin layer by pressing is an order of magnitude greater than the sensitivity of the method for monitoring microwave losses in moisture drops on a solid surface in a resonator. The proposed method can be used as a basis for the development of devices for monitoring the free moisture of aviation fuels in the conditions of the airfield and laboratory. The direction of development of the method is shown.

Download Full-text

OPTIMIZATION OF A SURROGATE REDUCED AVIATION FUEL-AIR REACTION MECHANISM USING A GENETIC ALGORITHM

Clean Air ◽

10.1615/interjenercleanenv.v8.i1.10 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

M. Pourkashanian ◽

N. S. Mera ◽

Lionel Elliott ◽

C. W. Wilson ◽

Derek B. Ingham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Aviation Fuel

Download Full-text

Leaded Aviation Fuel May Present Long-Term Effects on Campus Life from the Adjacent Albert Whitted Airport

10.26434/chemrxiv.12824741 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Matthews ◽

Madhu Pandey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

The United States ◽

Aviation Fuel ◽

University Campus ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Aviation Gasoline ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Descent Line

Propeller planes and small engine aircraft around the United States, legally utilize leaded aviation gasoline. The purpose of this experiment was to collect suspended particulate matter from a university campus, directly below an airport’s arriving flight path’s descent line, and to analyze lead content suspended in the air. Two collection sets of three separate samples were collected on six separate days, one set in July of 2018 and the second set in January 2019.

Download Full-text

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

10.26434/chemrxiv.9630695 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽

Zhenwei Wu ◽

Buchun Si ◽

Yuanhui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Stability ◽

Ash Content ◽

Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽

Fractional Distillation ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Steam Temperature ◽

Renewable Diesel ◽

Commodity Chemicals ◽

Biocrude Oil ◽

Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

Download Full-text