Trimodulatory effects of asoka extracts along with cisplatin and hyperthermia against sarcoma - 180 tumour bearing mice.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 4791
Author(s):  
Varghese C. D.* ◽  
Neenu A Santhosh ◽  
Hridhya M. V ◽  
Nair S. C ◽  
Panikkar K. R
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Saraca Asoca ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Trimodality Treatment ◽  
Broad Clinical Application

Cisplatin is the most active anticancer agents and have broad clinical application. Saraca asoca, one of the most important medicinal plants has showed potential antitumour activity and chemoprotective effects on toxicities induced by cisplatin. Purification and chemical analysis of the active compound from the bark and flower extracts of Asoka was done and observed that the plant have chemoprotective activity. The effect of administration of extracts of Saraca asoca flower and bark were studied in sarcoma-180 tumour bearing mice. Hyperthermia has been shown to enhance the antitumour activity of Chemotherapeutic drugs. So from the above observation, it is clear that the use of Ashoka extracts along with cisplatin and hyperthermia can enhance the antitumour activity. This trimodality treatment schedule with the Ashoka bark and flower extracts, hyperthermia and cisplatin significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted Sarcoma-180 solid tumours in mice.

scholarly journals Using Chitosan or Chitosan Derivatives in Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-816
Author(s):  
Md Salman Shakil ◽  
Kazi Mustafa Mahmud ◽  
Mohammad Sayem ◽  
Mahruba Sultana Niloy ◽  
Sajal Kumar Halder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapeutic drugs have become a popular choice as anticancer agents. Despite the therapeutic benefits of chemotherapeutic drugs, patients often experience side effects and drug resistance. Biopolymers could be used to overcome some of the limitations of chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as be used either as anticancer agents or drug delivery vehicles. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer derived from chitin. Chitosan, chitosan derivatives, or chitosan nanoparticles have shown their promise as an anticancer agent. Additionally, functionally modified chitosan can be used to deliver nucleic acids, chemotherapeutic drugs, and anticancer agents. More importantly, chitosan-based drug delivery systems improved the efficacy, potency, cytotoxicity, or biocompatibility of these anticancer agents. In this review, we will investigate the properties of chitosan and chemically tuned chitosan derivatives, and their application in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals The role of NDRG1 in the pathology and potential treatment of human cancers

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hun Bae ◽  
Patric J Jansson ◽  
Michael L Huang ◽  
Zaklina Kovacevic ◽  
Danuta Kalinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Pathology

N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been well characterised to act as a metastatic suppressor in a number of human cancers. It has also been implicated to have a significant function in a number of physiological processes such as cellular differentiation and cell cycle. In this review, we discuss the role of NDRG1 in cancer pathology. NDRG1 was observed to be downregulated in the majority of cancers. Moreover, the expression of NDRG1 was found to be significantly lower in neoplastic tissues as compared with normal tissues. The most important function of NDRG1 in inhibiting tumour progression is associated with its ability to suppress metastasis. However, it has also been shown to have important effects on other stages of cancer progression (primary tumour growth and angiogenesis). Recently, novel iron chelators with selective antitumour activity (ie, Dp44mT, DpC) were shown to upregulate NDRG1 in cancer cells. Moreover, Dp44mT showed its antimetastatic potential only in cells expressing NDRG1, making this protein an important therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy. This observation has led to increased interest in the examination of these novel anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism of Action of Microtubule-Stabilizing Anticancer Agents

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 339 (6119) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Prota ◽  
Katja Bargsten ◽  
Didier Zurwerra ◽  
Jessica J. Field ◽  
José Fernando Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Epothilone A ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Structural Insights

Microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) are efficacious chemotherapeutic drugs widely used for the treatment of cancer. Despite the importance of MSAs for medical applications and basic research, their molecular mechanisms of action on tubulin and microtubules remain elusive. We determined high-resolution crystal structures of αβ-tubulin in complex with two unrelated MSAs, zampanolide and epothilone A. Both compounds were bound to the taxane pocket of β-tubulin and used their respective side chains to induce structuring of the M-loop into a short helix. Because the M-loop establishes lateral tubulin contacts in microtubules, these findings explain how taxane-site MSAs promote microtubule assembly and stability. Further, our results offer fundamental structural insights into the control mechanisms of microtubule dynamics.

Polymer–drug conjugates: towards a novel approach for the treatment of endrocine-related cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S189-S199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Duncan ◽  
M J Vicent ◽  
F Greco ◽  
R I Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hpma Copolymer ◽  
Drug Conjugates

The last decade has seen successful clinical application of polymer–protein conjugates (e.g. Oncaspar, Neulasta) and promising results in clinical trials with polymer–anticancer drug conjugates. This, together with the realisation that nanomedicines may play an important future role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, has increased interest in this emerging field. More than 10 anticancer conjugates have now entered clinical development. Phase I/II clinical trials involving N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1; FCE28068) showed a four- to fivefold reduction in anthracycline-related toxicity, and, despite cumulative doses up to 1680 mg/m2 (doxorubicin equivalent), no cardiotoxicity was observed. Antitumour activity in chemotherapy-resistant/refractory patients (including breast cancer) was also seen at doxorubicin doses of 80–320 mg/m2, consistent with tumour targeting by the enhanced permeability (EPR) effect. Hints, preclinical and clinical, that polymer anthracycline conjugation can bypass multidrug resistance (MDR) reinforce our hope that polymer drugs will prove useful in improving treatment of endocrine-related cancers. These promising early clinical results open the possibility of using the water-soluble polymers as platforms for delivery of a cocktail of pendant drugs. In particular, we have recently described the first conjugates to combine endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Their markedly enhanced in vitro activity encourages further development of such novel, polymer-based combination therapies. This review briefly describes the current status of polymer therapeutics as anticancer agents, and discusses the opportunities for design of second-generation, polymer-based combination therapy, including the cocktail of agents that will be needed to treat resistant metastatic cancer.

scholarly journals PLANT-DERIVED CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS DRUGS FOR CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dragoi ◽  
Oana Alexandru
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Whole Plant

Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs acts in different manner to kill malignant cells. Most of the anticancer drugs available in clinical practice to treat cancer patients, are natural products including whole plant extract, crude plant extracts, isolated constituents, plant –based drug formulations etc. These natural compounds have been a basis for the development of several drugs against cancer. Agents such as topotecan, taxol, vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine and vindesine), are important anticancer agents in widespread clinical use. Other agents, such as combretastatin, flavopiridol, betulinic acid were shown to have anti-tumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this review, we aim to make a brief description of classical plant-derived chemotherapeutics drugs and also to highlight the importance of these natural compounds in the development of new potential drugs in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiota-Host-Irinotecan Axis: A New Insight Toward Irinotecan Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Yue ◽  
Ruiyang Gao ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
Wei Dou
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Toxicity ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Dividing Cells

Irinotecan (CPT11) and its active metabolite ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN38) are broad-spectrum cytotoxic anticancer agents. Both cause cell death in rapidly dividing cells (e.g., cancer cells, epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells) and commensal bacteria. Therefore, CPT11 can induce a series of toxic side-effects, of which the most conspicuous is gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Studies have shown that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Targeting the gut microbiota influences the efficacy and toxicity of CPT11 chemotherapy through three key mechanisms: microbial ecocline, catalysis of microbial enzymes, and immunoregulation. This review summarizes and explores how the gut microbiota participates in CPT11 metabolism and mediates host immune dynamics to affect the toxicity and efficacy of CPT11 chemotherapy, thus introducing a new concept that is called “microbiota-host-irinotecan axis”. Also, we emphasize the utilization of bacterial β-glucuronidase-specific inhibitor, dietary interventions, probiotics and strain-engineered interventions as emergent microbiota-targeting strategies for the purpose of improving CPT11 chemotherapy efficiency and alleviating toxicity.

scholarly journals Genotoxic activity of betel nut on germinal cell in Sarcoma 180 ascites tumour bearing male mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Sudipta Chowdhury ◽  
Samarendra Nath Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Head Morphology

The genotoxicity of the ethanolic extract of betel nut was evaluated using sarcoma 180 tumour bearing mouse considering sperm motility, sperm viability, biochemical estimation of fructose in seminal fluid and sperm head morphology assays. Sperm head morphology was studied by H-E staining and Toluidine blue staining method. But Toluidine blue staining method is a reliable method to evaluate the DNA damage of sperms. Ethanolic BNE (betel nut extract) can suppress the percentage of sperm motility, sperm viability and seminal fructose level. In addition, it can also enhance the percentage of DNA damaged sperms. Moreover, histological sections of testes have been studied in control and BNE treated sarcoma 180 tumour bearing mice to highlight the potential toxic effect of BNE. The significant decreasing rate of seminal fructose concentration, sperm motility as well as viability and increasing rate of sperm head abnormality in different doses of treated series may be as a result of different toxic alkaloid ingredients present in BNE. Therefore, the results showed the potential of the BNE to induce different types of germ cell abnormalities in tumour bearing male mice.

Antitumour Activity and Side Effects of Combined Treatment with Chitosan and Cisplatin in Sarcoma 180-Bearing Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHIYUKI KIMURA ◽  
MITSUKO ONOYAMA ◽  
TOSHIKI SERA ◽  
HIROMICHI OKUDA
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumour Activity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Sarcoma 180

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: A Patient-Friendly Chemotherapy for Oncology

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Yan ◽  
Jingjing Shen ◽  
Jinqiao Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Shiyan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. The toxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs on healthy cells leads to serious toxic and side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy can increase the specificity of anticancer agents, increase the killing effect of tumors, and reduce toxic and side effects. Currently, a variety of formulations based on nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs have been put into clinical use, and several others are in the stage of development or clinical trials. In this review, after briefly introducing current cancer chemotherapeutic methods and their limitations, we describe the clinical applications and advantages and disadvantages of several different types of NPs-based chemotherapeutic agents. We have summarized a lot of information in tables and figures related to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs based on NPs and the design of NPs with active targeting capabilities.

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