scholarly journals Biochemical changes in Tomato plant by AM fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Rakesh Pipralia ◽  
Anil Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Green House ◽  
Scutellospora Calospora

The effectiveness of six arbuscular mycorrhizae species, Acaulospora morrowae Spain & Schenck, Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt. Sensu. Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, G. macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders, and Sclerocystis rubiformis Gerd. & Trappe, collected from rhizosphere soils of Tomato, was measured for enrichment of PRO, PPO activities and protein, phenolic, and catechin contents in this vegetable plant. Culturing was done under green house and studied were performed ninety days after inoculation. All fungi showed favorable effects, with S. calospora being the most promoting of all biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Glomus fasciculatum, a dominant arbuscular mycorrhizal species in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana state, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Kante ◽  
Laxmi Kanth Mhadgula
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Fungal Association

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal association in the rhizosphere soils of Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. from 8 Mandals of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state, India, were studied. A significant number of AM fungi were identified in the present study, i.e., 53. Among the 53 AM fungi, Glomus was represented by 23 species, Acaulospora with 11, Sclerocystis with 6, Scutellospora with 5, Gigaspora with 4, and Funneliformis with 2, Ambispora and Archaeospora with 1 species. Glomus fasciculatum was the dominant species among the Glomus genera isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of 34 villages in Mahabub Nagar district of Telangana State. The AM fungi spore density ranged from 74 to 270 per 100 gm soil (average 145), while the root colonization ranged from 50.67% to 93.33% (average 75.71%). This study provides valuable information on AM fungal association in Setaria italica.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Nickel and Lead contaminated soil by Vica faba L. plant and AM fungi Glomus mosseae

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
The South ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
North And South

This study is conducted to determine the activity of plant Vica faba and two isolated from arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (A,B) in bioremediation of soil pollution by Nickel and Lead elements in north and south of Baghdad city. The results showed that the average of soil pollution by Nickel and Lead elements in north of Baghdad was less than the average of soil pollution in the south of Baghdad which recorded 29.0,9.0PPm and 42.0, 25.0PPm respectively. The results show that the isolate A from the polluted soil is more active from isolate B which isolate from unpolluted soil for bioremediation. Vica faba recorded more in accumulate the Lead element in shoot system which was 19.65PPm and in root system was 27.2PPm and for Nickel element 24.65, 27.55PPm in shoot and root respectively.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil P dynamics, corn P-nutrition and growth in a ridge-tilled commercial field

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P Landry ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse relationship between P uptake and PAEM. At harvest, grain P content of AMNI plants was greater than that of AMI plants. In 1998, only AMI plants had decreased yield in the absence of P fertilization. In 1999, AMNI plants produced greater grain yield than AMI plants at all P rates. AM fungi improve the exploitation of soil P by corn thereby maintaining high yields while reducing crop reliance on P inputs in RT. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, ridge-tillage, soil P dynamics, corn, P nutrition

scholarly journals The enhancement of drought tolerance for pigeon pea inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Qiao ◽  
X.P. Wen ◽  
L.F. Yu ◽  
X.B. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Osmotic Solute

  Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been rapidly grown in the drought-striken Karst regions of southwest China. Present research aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on the drought tolerance of pigeon pea, as well as to elucidate the physiological responses of AM-colonized seedlings to the water deficit. As subjected to drought stress, AM symbiosis (AMD) highly led to the positive effects on root system, plant height and stem diameter. AMD demonstrated a remarkably higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. The soluble sugar in AMD was significantly higher than that of the non-AM seedlings (NAMD), indicating the enhanced tolerance at least partially correlated with osmotic solute. Conversely, the proline (Pro) of AMD was lower, revealing the excessive Pro was not imperative for drought tolerance. After 30 days drought stress, AMD gave around a third less lipid peroxides than that of NAMD. Rather, the root activities of AMD were significantly higher than that of the latter after 10 days drought stress. Thereby, AM fungi might substantially elevate the tolerance to drought of pigeon pea, and the cumulative effects contributed to the enhanced tolerance. To date, this has been the first report concerning the enhancement of drought tolerance via AM colonization in this legume species.  

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Eremanthus incanus Less. in a highland field

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano ◽  
M.N. Cabello ◽  
M.R. Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Highland Vegetation ◽  
Glomus Sp

This paper focuses on Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), a common species of highland regions in Brazil. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on plant growth (height and diameter) was evaluated. Roots were examined from individuals randomly selected from undisturbed areas of highland vegetation and from an experimental restored site. Results showed that E. incanus presented high AM colonization both in restored and undisturbed sites. Moreover, AM colonization was significantly higher in the inoculated treatment than in the non-inoculated one. The species presented Arum-type colonization and frequent production of vesicles, especially in the restored site. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated plant growth (height and diameter). Ten AM fungi (AMF) taxa were found in the studied rooting zones: Acaulospora spinosa, A. elegans, A. foveata, Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp., Dentiscutata biornata, D. cerradensis, Dentiscutata sp. and Racocetra verrucosa. These results revealed that AMF is a common and important component in highland vegetation in Brazil, and should be included in future restoration programs.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Hana Gryndlerová ◽  
Gail W. T. Wilson ◽  
Tereza Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractIn a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae promote establishment of prairie species in a tallgrass prairie restoration

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Smith ◽  
I Charvat ◽  
R L Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie Restoration ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Rate Of Succession

The effect that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum has on the development of an early successional tallgrass prairie restoration was investigated in field plots of a recently disturbed area in Minnesota, U.S.A. Mycorrhizal inoculum reproduced from a native prairie was placed below a mix of prairie seed. Two sets of control plots were established, those with seed only and those with seed and a sterilized soil. By the end of 15 months, plants in the inoculated plots had a significantly greater percentage of roots colonized by AM fungi. While inoculation had no effect on total percent cover of plants, percent cover of native planted grasses was significantly greater in the inoculated plots than in the two sets of controls. The increase in percent cover of native grasses may increase the rate of succession by allowing these grasses to outcompete the ruderal species also present at the site. Our findings suggest that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae promotes the development of early successional tallgrass prairie communities.Key words: mycorrhizae, prairie, reclamation, plant community, inoculation, restoration.

scholarly journals Arsitektur akar bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi beberapa cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Root architecture of oil palm seedling inoculated with selected arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Edi GUHARDJA ◽  
Nampiah SUKARNO ◽  
Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture.        A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of  AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of  fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan  mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman.  Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis  CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan  dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan,  sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada  tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi.  Peningkatan serapan  N, P,  dan  K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.

scholarly journals Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
And Function

Formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are affected by levels of fertility in soil or fertilizers applied to soilless container mixes. For AM fungi, phosphorus (P) is the main element influencing colonization of host plant roots. The question addressed in this study was whether inorganic or organic fertilizers were more compatible with the formation and function of AM. Several controlled-release inorganic (CRI) fertilizers were compared with several organic (OR) fertilizers at different rates (½× to 4× the recommended rate) to determine (1) threshold levels of tolerance by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in relation to root colonization, and (2) growth responses of `Guardsman' bunching onion (Allium cepa) and `Orange Cupido' miniature rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in a soilless potting mix or sandy loam soil. AM colonization in soil was greatly decreased or totally inhibited by CRI fertilizers with high P content at the 2× rate or greater, whereas colonization was decreased but never eliminated by low-P OR fertilizers at the 3× rate or greater. Shoot growth of onions was similar with or without AM inoculation when fertilized with CRI, but in general was only enhanced by OR fertilizers if inoculated with AM fungi, compared to the noninoculated controls. Shoot and root growth of onions were significantly increased by AM inoculation when OR fertilizers were used at the 1× rate. In contrast, root growth was not increased by the combination of CRI fertilizers and AM fungal inoculation. Inoculation of miniature roses grown in sandy loam amended with 25% peat and perlite and fertilized with all the CRI or OR fertilizers resulted in high AM colonization, but without much AM-induced growth increase except where OR fertilizers or CRI fertilizers with low P were used. In a soilless potting mix, growth of miniature roses was less with OR fertilizers at the rates used than CRI fertilizers, but mycorrhiza formation was greater in the former unless P was low in the latter. These results indicate that release of nutrients from organic fertilizers, as a result of microbial activity, favors AM establishment and function more than most inorganic fertilizers unless P levels of the latter are low.

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