scholarly journals Phytotoxic potential of essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendra against some agricultural weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Gunjan Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra

The work was undertaken to investigate the phytotoxic potential of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra against three weed species, viz., Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus and Leptochloa chinensis. It was observed that volatile oil (0.25-1.5 mg ml-1) of Melaleuca retarded the germination and growth of all the test weeds in a dose-response bioassay conducted under laboratory conditions. Generally, both root and shoot length showed an inhibitory effect in a concentration dependent manner and the maximum effect was observed in C. rotundus, followed by E. crus-galli and L. chinensis. The Melaleuca oil not only affected the germination and seedling growth of the test weeds, but also inhibited the chlorophyll content and dry weight. At the highest dose of Melaleuca oil treatment (1.5 mg ml-1), the chlorophyll content declined by nearly 50% in E. crus-galli and 90% in L. chinensis over the control. Thus, it is concluded that volatile oil possesses phytotoxic potential towards other plants and could be further explored for weed management.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Callistemon viminalis essential oil against some weeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Shreeya Bali* ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis ◽  
Test Plants

The present study investigated the phytotoxic potential oil Callistemon viminalis essential oil against some weeds viz. Ageratum conyzoides, Sorghum halepense, Leptochloa chinensis and Commelina benghalensis in order to assess its herbicidal activity. The laboratory bioassay revealed that Callistemon oil (0.025-0.1 %) decreased the emergence and early growth of test species in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.1 % Callistemon oil treatment none of the seeds of C. benghalensis germinated. The Callistemon oil not only affected the germination and early growth of weed species but also severely decreased the chlorophyll content of the test plants. The chlorophyll content decreased by ~ 71% in C. benghalensis in response to 0.05 % Callistemon oil treatment. These results strongly indicate the adverse effect of Callistemon oil on photosynthesis of test plants. Based on the study, it can be concluded that Callistemon oil possess phytotoxic potential and can be used as bioherbicide in weed management programmes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chitosan-Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) Essential Oil-Based Coatings on Refrigerated Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2684
Author(s):  
María González-Locarno ◽  
Yarley Maza Pautt ◽  
Alberto Albis ◽  
Edwin Florez López ◽  
Carlos David Grande Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is one of the main exotic fruits in demand throughout the world market. However, this fruit has problems with physical and microbial decay causing losses up to thirty percent during post-harvest stage and market storage. As an alternative for conservation, technologies based on edible coatings of biopolymers incorporating essential oils have been developed. In this paper we studied the effect of edible coatings based on chitosan (CS) and Ruta graveolens L. essential oil (RGEO) at different concentrations applied on the surface gooseberries at 18 ± 2 °C. The emulsions exhibited a reduction in the viscosity and the particle size with the increasing in the RGEO amount (from 124.7 cP to 26.0 cP for CS + RGEO 0.5% and CS + RGEO 1.5%, respectively). A lower weight loss was obtained for fruits coated with CS + RGEO 0.5% (12.7%) as compared to the uncoated (15%), while the maturity index increased in a lower amount for CS + RGEO coated than the uncoated fruits. The mesophyll growth was delayed three days after the coating applications for CS + RGEO 1.0% and 1.5%. At day twelve of the coating process, fruits with CS + RGEO 1.5% presented only 3.1 Log UFC/g of aerobic mesophylls and 2.9 Log UFC/g of molds and yeasts, while the uncoated fruits presented 4.2 Log UFC/g of aerobic mesophylls and 4.0 Log UFC/g of molds and yeasts, demonstrating a microbial barrier of the coatings incorporating RGEO in a concentration dependent manner. The CS + RGEO coating also preserve the antioxidant property of case gooseberries after twelve days of treatment under storage according to the 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) results. It was demonstrated by the ABTS method that T5 antioxidant capacity from day one to day twelve only decreases from 55% to 44%, while in the uncoated fruits (T1) the antioxidant capacity decreased from 65% to 18%. On the other hand, using the DPPH method the reduction was from 73% to 24% for the uncoated samples and 55% to 43% for T5. From the sensorial analysis, we recommend the use of CS + RGEO 0.5% that was still accepted by the panelists after the sixth day of application. These results show the potential application of these coatings as postharvest treatment under storage and low temperature conditions during twelve days of treatment for cape gooseberry fruits.

scholarly journals Antiarrhythmic Properties of Elsholtzia ciliata Essential Oil on Electrical Activity of the Isolated Rabbit Heart and Preferential Inhibition of Sodium Conductance

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Regina Mačianskienė ◽  
Lauryna Pudžiuvelytė ◽  
Jurga Bernatonienė ◽  
Mantė Almanaitytė ◽  
Antanas Navalinskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Surface Ecg ◽  
Elsholtzia Ciliata ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil (E. ciliata) has been developed in Lithuania and internationally patented as exerting antiarrhythmic properties. Here we demonstrate the pharmacological effects of this herbal preparation on cardiac electrical activity. We used cardiac surface ECG and a combination of microelectrode and optical mapping techniques to track the action potentials (APs) in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model during atrial/endo-/epi-cardial pacing. Activation time, conduction velocity and AP duration (APD) maps were constructed. E. ciliata increased the QRS duration and shortened QT interval of ECG at concentrations of 0.01–0.1 μL/mL, whereas 0.3 μL/mL (0.03%) concentration resulted in marked strengthening of changes. In addition, the E. ciliata in a concentration dependent manner reduced the AP upstroke dV/dtmax and AP amplitude as well as APD. A marked attenuation of the AP dV/dtmax and a slowing spread of electrical signals suggest the impaired functioning of Na+-channels, and the effect was use-dependent. Importantly, all these changes were at least partially reversible. Our results indicate that E. ciliata modulates cardiac electrical activity preferentially inhibiting Na+ conductance, which may contribute to its effects as a natural antiarrhythmic medicine.

Activation of endothelin ETB receptors increases glomerular cGMP via an L-arginine-dependent pathway

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. F1020-F1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Edwards ◽  
M. Pullen ◽  
P. Nambi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of endothelins (ET) on guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in intact rat glomeruli were examined. ET-3 produced a rapid approximately fivefold increase in cGMP levels with the maximum effect occurring at 1 min. The ET-3-induced increase in cGMP accumulation occurred in the absence and presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, and the structurally related toxin, sarafotoxin S6c, all increased glomerular cGMP levels in a concentration-dependent manner and with similar potencies (EC50 approximately 15-30 nM). The L-arginine analogue, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), reduced basal levels of cGMP and also totally inhibited ET-induced increases in cGMP as did methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. The effect of L-NNA was attenuated by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. The stimulation of cGMP accumulation by ET-3 was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and was additive to atriopeptin III but not to acetylcholine. The ETA-selective antagonist, BQ 123, had no effect on ET-3-induced formation of cGMP. Glomerular membranes displayed high-affinity (Kd = 130-150 pM) and high-density (approximately 2.0 pmol/mg) binding sites for 125I-ET-1 and 125I-ET-3. ET-1, ET-3, and sarafotoxin S6c displaced 125I-ET-1 binding to glomerular membranes with similar affinities. BQ 123 had no effect on 125I-ET-1 binding. We conclude that ET increases cGMP levels in glomeruli by stimulating the formation of a nitric oxide-like factor that activates soluble guanylate cyclase. This effect of ET appears to be mediated by activation of ETB receptors and may serve to modulate the contractile effects of ET.

scholarly journals 617. Efficacy of Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA), a Zinc Chelator, in Combination with Imipenem Against Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli in a Murine Peritonitis Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S287-S287
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Cheminet ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Francoise Chau ◽  
Nicolas Kieffer ◽  
Katell Peoc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zinc Chelator ◽  
Peritonitis Model

Abstract Background A strategy used by bacterial strains to resist β-lactam antibiotics is the expression of metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) requiring zinc for activity. The use of a zinc chelator may restore carbapenem activity against MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. DMSA is a heavy metal chelator approved in humans with a satisfactory safety record. Our objective was to evaluate the activity of DMSA in combination with carbapenems, in vitro and in a fatal murine peritonitis model, against MBL-producing Escherichia coli. Methods Isogenic derivatives of wild-type E. coli CFT073 producing the MBL NDM-1, VIM-2, IMP-1, and the serine carbapenemases OXA-48 and KPC-3 were constructed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were determined against each strain alone or in combination with DMSA. Mice were infected with E. coli CFT073 or NDM-1 and treated intraperitoneally for 24 hours with imipenem 100 mg/kg every 4 hours, DMSA 200 mg/kg every 4 hours, or both. Mice survival rates and bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid (PF) and spleen were assessed at 24 hours. Results In vitro, DMSA in combination with each carbapenem permitted a significant decrease of the MICs against all MBL-producing strains, in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximum effect was found for the NDM-1 strain with a 6- to 8-fold MIC reduction, depending on the carbapenem used. NDM-1 strain became susceptible to carbapenems with concentrations of DMSA ≥6 mM. Increasing zinc concentrations above 1 mg/L (average human plasma concentration) did not alter this effect. No benefit of DMSA was observed against non-MBL strains. In vivo, when used alone, the DMSA regimen was not toxic in uninfected mice and ineffective against NDM-1-infected mice (100% mortality). Combination of imipenem and DMSA significantly reduced bacterial counts in PF and spleen as compared with imipenem alone (P < 0.001), and reduced mortality, although not significantly (11% vs. 37%, respectively, P = 0.12). No benefit of the combination was observed against CFT073. Conclusion DMSA is highly effective in vitro in reducing carbapenems MICs against MBL-producing E. coli and appears as a promising strategy in combination with carbapenems for the treatment of NDM-1-related infections. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Potassium-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake by subcellular particles of pancreatic beta-cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. C35-C38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sehlin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Mouse Islets

Accumulation of 45Ca2+ by a microsomal fraction from pancreatic beta-cells of obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice was stimulated by Mg2+ in a concentration-dependent manner when 2 mM ATP was present. Maximum effect was reached at 2 mM Mg2+. Increasing the Na+ concentration from 20 to 115 mM had no significant effect, but K+ (10-123 mM) stimulated 45Ca2+ accumulation markedly when tested in the presence of 2 mM Mg2+. This effect was not due to changes of osmolarity, ionic strength, or the concentration of Cl-. Stimulation by K+ was drastically reduced on omission of Mg2+ from the incubation medium. K+ did not significantly affect 45Ca2+ uptake by a mitochondria-rich fraction of ob/ob mouse islets. It is suggested that K+ may be involved in modifying the subcellular distribution of calcium ions in pancreatic beta-cells.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, and Cytotoxic, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil from Ginseng Leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Liwei Sun ◽  
Yanbing Wang ◽  
Jianzeng Liu ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, the essential oil of ginseng leaves (EOGL), collected using hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS, contained a complex mixture of aliphatic (69.0%), terpenoid (21.5%) and aromatic compounds (2.4%). Among 54 components identified, the major ones were palmitic acid (36.1%), β-farnesene (15.4%), linoleic acid (9.8%) and phytol (5.6%). In the cytotoxicity study, EOGL exhibited obvious cytotoxic activities against different cancer cell lines, including Hela, A549, ZR-75-1, HT-29, SGC7901 and B16 cells. Furthermore, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay indicated that EOGL can induce late apoptosis of ZR-75-1 cells, and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner (0.9% to 5.6% and 67.4%). In addition to this, we also found that EOGL exhibited weak DPPH radical scavenging (12.0 ± 0.4 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activities (1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL), and showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. The data suggest that EOGL, which possesses important biological activities, especially significant anticancer activity, could be a potential medicinal resource.

PKCϵ has an alcohol-binding site in its second cysteine-rich regulatory domain

2009 ◽  
Vol 421 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydip Das ◽  
Satyabrata Pany ◽  
Ghazi M. Rahman ◽  
Simon J. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
C1 Domain ◽  
Pkc Protein Kinase C ◽  
And Function

Alcohols regulate the expression and function of PKC (protein kinase C), and it has been proposed that an alcohol-binding site is present in PKCα in its C1 domain, which consists of two cysteine-rich subdomains, C1A and C1B. A PKCϵ-knockout mouse showed a significant decrease in alcohol consumption compared with the wild-type. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an alcohol-binding site could be present in PKCϵ. Here we show that ethanol inhibited PKCϵ activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 (equilibrium ligand concentration at half-maximum effect) of 43 mM. Ethanol, butanol and octanol increased the binding affinity of a fluorescent phorbol ester SAPD (sapintoxin-D) to PKCϵC1B in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 values of 78 mM, 8 mM and 340 μM respectively, suggesting the presence of an allosteric alcohol-binding site in this subdomain. To identify this site, PKCϵC1B was photolabelled with 3-azibutanol and 3-azioctanol and analysed by MS. Whereas azibutanol preferentially labelled His236, Tyr238 was the preferred site for azioctanol. Inspection of the model structure of PKCϵC1B reveals that these residues are 3.46 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) apart from each other and form a groove where His236 is surface-exposed and Tyr238 is buried inside. When these residues were replaced by alanine, it significantly decreased alcohol binding in terms of both photolabelling and alcohol-induced SAPD binding in the mutant H236A/Y238A. Whereas Tyr238 was labelled in mutant H236A, His236 was labelled in mutant Y238A. The present results provide direct evidence for the presence of an allosteric alcohol-binding site on protein kinase Cϵ and underscore the role of His236 and Tyr238 residues in alcohol binding.

Sodium Nitroprusside-Mediated Modulation of Growth and Antioxidant Defense in the InVitro raised Plantlets of Peanut Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verma ◽  
C. P. Malik ◽  
V. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

ABSTRACT As a bioactive signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is involved in multiple plant physiological responses. It regulates diverse biochemical processes in a concentration-dependent manner in plants. Different NO generators viz. sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillinamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) have been reported, but SNP is the most widely used and effective NO donor. Research was conducted to investigate the in vitro effects of an NO donor, SNP, on biochemical and physiological characteristics such as multiple shoots, chlorophyll content, and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and others in Arachis hypogaea genotypes (M-13 and PBS24030). In vitro impact of SNP on shoot multiplication potential and chlorophyll content increase upto 100 µM SNP alone in peanut cultivars (M-13 and PBS24030). Rhizogenesis was noticed in the presence of SNP alone. Treatment with SNP and 6-Benzyl adenine (BA) was effective in enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities, total soluble carbohydrates and proteins as compared to SNP alone in for both cultivars. These data indicate that in vitro establishment of peanut cultivars in the presence of SNP alone and in combination with BA will affect various growth promontory physiological and biochemical parameters. A more complete understanding of plant growth regulator (PGR) mediated responses will be instrumental in designing effective strategies for engineering crops for biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Regulation of electrolyte transport across cultured endometrial epithelial cells by prolactin

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatsri Deachapunya ◽  
Sutthasinee Poonyachoti ◽  
Nateetip Krishnamra
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anion Secretion ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

The effect of prolactin (PRL) on ion transport across the porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells was studied in primary cell culture using the short-circuit current technique. Addition of 1 μg/ml PRL either to the apical solution or to the basolateral solution produced a peak followed by a sustained increase in Isc, but with a lesser response when PRL was added apically. Basolateral addition of PRL increased the Isc in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 1 μg/ml and an effective concentration value of 120 ng/ml. The PRL-stimulated Isc was significantly reduced by pretreatment with an apical addition of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (200 μM), diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (1 mM) or 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (200 μM), Cl− channel blockers, but not by amiloride (10 μM), a Na+ channel blocker. In addition, pretreatment with bumetanide (200 μM), a Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter inhibitor, in the basolateral solution significantly reduced the PRL-stimulated Isc. Replacement of Cl− or in the bathing solutions also decreased the Isc response to PRL. Pretreatment of the monolayer with AG490 (50 μM), an inhibitor of JAK2 activity significantly inhibited the PRL-induced increase in Isc. Western blot analysis of the porcine endometrial epithelial cells revealed the presence of short isoform of PRL receptor (PRLR-S) that could be regulated by 17β-estradiol. The results of this investigation showed that PRL acutely stimulated anion secretion across the porcine endometrial epithelial cells possibly through PRLR-S present in both apical and basolateral membranes. The PRL response appeared to be mediated by the JAK2-dependent pathway.

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