scholarly journals Impact of dye effluent on growth and chlorophyll content of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa l.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Pratibha Mahawar* ◽  
Azra Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
The Impact

The textile industry plays an important role in the world economy as well as in our daily life time, it consumes large quantity of water and generates huge amount of waste water. The chemical reagents used in the textile sector are diverse in chemical composition ranging from inorganic to organic molecules. The presence of these chemicals will show detrimental effects on the germination process and growth of seedlings. Present research work has been carried out to study the impact of effluent at different concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) on seed germination and seedling growth of Medicago sativa. On the 14th day of seedling growth, maximum root and shoot length were observed at 20% concentration of effluent i.e. 5.4cm (root length) and 5.1cm (shoot length) which increased 3.8% and 4.0% respectively in comparison to control. At high concentrations of treatment levels root length was decreased 2.04%, 19.2%, 26.5%, 51.0% respectively and shoot length was decreased 3.84%, 17.3%, 26.9%, 44.2% respectively at 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% treatment levels in comparison to control (4.9cm and 5.2cm respectively). Same trend was observed during estimation of dry weight and chlorophyll contents.  Inhibition of seedling germination and seedling growth at higher concentrations of effluent may be due to high level of dissolved solids which inhance the salinity. The present study concluded that the dyeing effluent waste significantly influence growth parameters of Medicago sativa.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 04-06
Author(s):  
A. Natarajan, P. Vijayarengan ◽  
M. Vijayaragavan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Soil Cadmium ◽  
Loam Soil

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length  and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and  phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of  tomato plants was higher than the shoot.

scholarly journals Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilzek

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Sanchita Bhattacharya ◽  
Sourav Debnath ◽  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Ajay Krishna Saha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer

Growth attributes of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata crop influenced by level and type of fertilizers. The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic (urea) fertilizers on the germination percentage and seedling growth of V. radiata (Green gram) and V. mungo (Black gram). Fresh weight and dry weight of tested plant samples at 10th days of growth stage were also determined. Vermicompost was used as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer. Experimental results showed that vermicompost and urea both has positive effect on seedling growth parameters of V. mungo and V. radiata [average root length (6.1cm and 6.7cm)] , shoot length (6.5cm and 8.3cm), leaf area (312.2 sq.cm and 334.1 sq.cm] as compared to control set [average root length (4.4cm and 4.3cm)] , shoot length (6cm and 5.9cm), leaf area (282.7 sq.cm and 305.5 sq.cm). But urea exerts negative effect on seed germination percentage in V. mungo and V. radiata (58% and 50%) as compared to control (77%). Vermicompost exhibited better result in above parameters in comparison to urea. V. mungo showed increased value in comparison considering V. radiata in case of organic, inorganic fertilizer treated as well as control sets. As composition of locally available fertilizers is unknown, the application of these fertilizers for improving germination percentage and growth parameters of tested crop need to be evaluated. Present work may provide the suggestive approach for usage of these tested fertilizers in field level trial.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

scholarly journals Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.

Use of Seedling Growth Parameters to Classify Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfentrazone

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
H. Gary Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Length Reduction

Hypocotyl and root length reduction of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings when seeds were exposed to sulfentrazone during germination were used as indices to classify cultivar response to soil-applied sulfentrazone. Seeds of ‘Stonewall’ (sulfentrazone tolerant) and ‘Asgrow 6785’ (sulfentrazone sensitive) were imbibed and allowed to germinate in 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 ppm aqueous sulfentrazone solutions for 4 d. Hypocotyl and root lengths were reduced in both cultivars, but the reductions were greater for Asgrow 6785 than for Stonewall. Subsequently, the relative sensitivity of 28 cultivars to sulfentrazone was independently determined by two variations of the hypocotyl reduction method (both conducted in the laboratory) and by traditional full-season field evaluation. Results from laboratory and field studies were in agreement for cultivars distinctly sensitive or tolerant to sulfentrazone. However, cultivars with intermediate tolerance in laboratory studies produced variable responses in the field.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Non Edible Vegetables from Market into Biofertilizer for Crop Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Geetha Karuppasamy ◽  
Michael Antony D'Couto ◽  
Anant Achary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Vigour Index

<p>The fruits and vegetables lost due to spoilage in the market can be converted to nutrient rich organic biofertilizer, vermicompost and worm tea. In this study, non-edible vegetables from market [French beans (S1), Lady’s fingers (S2) and Brinjal (S3)] were used for production of vermicompost and worm tea using <em>Eisenia fetida</em> for environmental friendly management and recycling, as value added product for crop production. Vermicomposting was carried out in four bins. Three bins (S1, S2 &amp; S3) consisted of individual pre-digested vegetables and the fourth bin (S4) was set up with a mixture of all three pre-digested vegetables in equal proportions. Physico-chemical properties and essential nutrients like pH, temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) of the pre-digested vegetables and/or compost were analysed at regular time intervals. There was around 6-10 fold increase in earthworm count at the end of vermicomposting. During vermicomposting, the N and P content of the compost showed 2 to 4 fold increase whereas 10 to 15 fold increase in K content was noticed. Low C:N ratio (4 to 9) was obtained for vermicompost VS4. The worm tea (vermi wash) and vermicompost collected were used for plant growth studies on <em>Vigna radiata</em> (Green gram). Growth parameters like germination percentage, vigour index, germination index (GI), shoot length (cm), root length (cm) and leaf length (cm) were studied. There was noticeable improvement in germination % (1.7 fold), vigour index (2.7 fold) and germination index. A 20 fold increase in shoot length was also seen in test plants when compared to control (2 fold). Statistical analysis of various growth parameters like root length and plant height indicated that vermicompost made with waste brinjal has a significant response with p ≤ 0.05. Based on the results obtained, waste brinjal, which is abundantly available locally can be economically converted to organic biofertilizers and used for soil and crop improvement. Through this study, a cost effective and environment friendly method for efficient utilization of market waste vegetables has been proposed for promoting plant growth and development.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of halopriming on four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of balochistan under saline conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097
Author(s):  
Summi Buzdar ◽  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Sabeena Rizwan ◽  
Uzma Jabeen ◽  
Farrukh Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Silicon Sources

Priming effect of silicon sources (silica gel and sodium silicate) on the seeds of four wheat cultivars of Balochistan was studied to determine their effectiveness in increasing relative salt tolerance. The study depicts that all priming treatments of silicon sources (except sodium silicate 2%) enhanced germination and reduced mean germination time (MGT) of seeds in comparison to the control i.e. hydropriming. After germination, the young seedlings were grown in hydroponics in Hoagland’s culture solution under controlled conditions in non-saline and saline (100 mM NaCl) environments. All the growth parameters (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights of plants and chlorophyll content of leaves) severely reduced in hydroprimed seeds under saline environments, although increased by priming seeds with silicon sources. Thus silica compounds have potential effects to break the seed dormancy and improve the growth of wheat under salinity stress.

Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mann ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Sanwal ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

Screening of chickpea lines for salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 30 chickpea genotypes were germinated on a sand bed irrigated with saline (3, 6, 9, 12 dS/m) and control solutions upto 30 days. At the early seedling stage (25-30 days), germination percentage, chlorophyll content, proline, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for plant biomass maintained a significant correlation with chlorophyll, proline, shoot length, and root length, which indicated that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected chickpea genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characterstics and early seedling growth, it is concluded that the chickpea genotypes, HC-1, HC-5, ICC 867, ICC 5003, H-10-41 showed better salt tolerance as compared to the available salt tolerant check variety.

scholarly journals IN-VITRO SCREENING OF DIFFERENT TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST PEG INDUCED WATER STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib Naveed ◽  
Ayesha Manzoor ◽  
Ahsan Javed ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) is one of the most economically important plants in the Solanaceae family. Water scarcity is one of the major climatic constraints which is affecting all crops including tomato in the world. Selection of water stress tolerant cultivars is an important strategy to overcome this problem. Therefore the present research was conducted to determine the effect PEG induced water stress on germination percentage and early growth stages of tomato seedlings. Fifteen different tomato genotypes were screened under in-vitro conditions using two different concentrations of PEG (2% and 4%). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Parameters like germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and seedling biomass (g) were recorded during the experiment. Results indicated that PEG induced water stress significantly reduced germination percentage (%) and other growth parameters in drought susceptible tomato genotypes (RUS-1, Rustam, R-2017, Pakit, 17904, Kashmiri, Kiara, Avinash, and K.K.2). Whereas in other genotypes “R. Wonder, Naqeeb, Rio grande, T-4, Patfeeder and Nagina” all parameters increase with an increase in PEG concentration. However among these genotypes, “Patfeeder” exhibited highest germination percentage (100 %) with maximum root and shoot length and seedling biomass at highest PEG concentration 4%. Based on experimental results, “Patfeeder” was considered a drought tolerant genotype due to its better performance in different levels of water stress.

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