Degradation of Plastics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Plastic Degradation

The degradation of plastics is most important for the removal and recycling of plastic wastes. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the field. Topics covered include plastic degradation methods, mechanistic actions, biodegradation, involvement of enzymes, photocatalytic degradation and the use of cyanobacteria. Also covered are the market of degradable plastics and the environmental implications. The degradation of plastics is most important for the removal and recycling of plastic wastes. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the field. Topics covered include plastic degradation methods, mechanistic actions, biodegradation, involvement of enzymes, photocatalytic degradation and the use of cyanobacteria. Also covered are the market of degradable plastics and the environmental implications.

scholarly journals A marine bacterial community that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyethylene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Gao ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractPlastic wastes have become the most common form of marine debris and present a growing global pollution problem. Recently, microorganisms-mediated degradation has become a most promising way to accomplish the eventual bioremediation of plastic wastes due to their prominent degradation potentials. Here, a marine bacterial community which could efficiently colonize and degrade both poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene (PE) was discovered through a screening with hundreds of plastic waste associated samples. Using absolute quantitative 16S rRNA sequencing and cultivation methods, we obtained the abundances and pure cultures of three bacteria mediating plastic degradation. We further reconstituted a tailored bacterial community containing above three bacteria and demonstrated its efficient degradation of PET and PE through various techniques. The released products from PET and PE degraded by the reconstituted bacterial community were determined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, the plastic degradation process and potential mechanisms mediated by the reconstituted bacterial community were elucidated through transcriptomic methods. Overall, this study establishes a stable and effective marine bacterial community for PET and PE degradation and sheds light on the degradation pathways and associated mechanistic processes, which paves a way to develop a microbial inoculant against plastic wastes.

scholarly journals Role of Microorganisms in the Biodegradation of Plastics

2020 ◽  
pp. 645-650
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Plastic Degradation ◽  
Innovative Approaches

The abundant growing accumulation of plastic wastes has become a severe environmental and social issue. As plastic remains in the environment for decades and centuries, it is very important to develop innovative approaches for the disposal of plastic wastes. Much of the recent research is mainly focussed on the identification of microorganisms and microbial enzymes that can degrade plastic waste. This probably offers new biological treatment strategies for plastic degradation. The current review mainly discusses the role of various microorganisms in the biodegradation of plastics.

scholarly journals Plastic Degradation and its Environmental Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-324
Author(s):  
M. Rani
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Market Interaction ◽  
The People ◽  
Plastic Degradation

Extensive use of non-biodegradable plastic by anthropogenic activities is posing a severe threat to the global environment in the form of massive waste disposal and problems of closed-landfill sites and rising water and land pollution. Organisms are facing challenge to their lives once they consume plastic in the form of food. In addition, the plastic debris may have additive chemicals having possibility to leach out. Therefore, proper degradation of plastic to lessen negative environmental implications is necessary. Earlier the people were ignorant about this problem however, now-a-days, people are serious about its negative impact. Hence, biodegradable plastics are coming into the trend in the market. Interaction of plastic (adsorbing characteristics) with the environment results in new functional groups on its surface in a dynamic situation. In these circumstances, oxygenated, thermal, bio-based, and photocatalytic degradation of plastics is in high demand. Usually, different-rates along with diverse-pathways have been found in variable polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyethylene photo-degradation resulted in sharp infrared-peaks of ketones, esters, and acids due to oxidation reaction. Hydrogen peroxide is generated by oxidative action on methylene groups in the backbone of polyethylene terephthalate. The present chapter will provide compiled information about various polymers used in plastic as well as environmental concerns of plastic, finally the chapter concludes with comprehensive details about the degradation of various types of plastics. State-of-the-art on degradable plastics market with an emphasis on principle design for recyclable plastics and biodegradable plastics from renewable raw materials are also included. Factors affecting plastic degradation and metabolic pathways including past and present scenarios have also been discussed in this chapter.

Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C–H bond functionalisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Ma ◽  
Shao-Jie Lou ◽  
Zhaomin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Comprehensive Overview

This review article provides a comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C–H functionalisations.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

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