scholarly journals Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide in Cerebrovascular Regulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1334-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. Atochin ◽  
Paul L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cerebrovascular Regulation

scholarly journals Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Endothelial Cell Migration

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Murohara ◽  
Bernhard Witzenbichler ◽  
Ioakim Spyridopoulos ◽  
Takayuki Asahara ◽  
Bo Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

RNA dynamics of fertile and infertile spermatozoa

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Carreau ◽  
S. Lambard ◽  
L. Said ◽  
A. Saad ◽  
I. Galeraud-Denis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Two Populations

The presence of a complex population of mRNAs in human mature spermatozoa is well documented; among them, transcripts of aromatase and ERs (oestrogen receptors) have been described but their significance is not clear. Therefore, to clarify the role of this complex population of mRNAs in human ejaculated sperm, we have isolated on discontinuous density gradients two main fractions from the same sample: high- and low-motile spermatozoa. The levels of different transcripts coding for molecules involved in nuclear condensation [Prm-1 (protamine 1) and Prm-2], capacitation [eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), c-myc], motility and sperm survival (aromatase) have been assessed using semi-quantitative RT (reverse transcriptase)–PCR. The viability of sperm as well as the percentage of apoptosis were identical in high- and low-motile fractions. No significant change in the c-myc/Prm-2 ratio between the two populations of spermatozoa was observed. Conversely the amount of Prm-1 mRNA was significantly higher in low-motile than in high-motile fraction; in most of the high-motile sperm samples analysed, eNOS and nNOS transcripts were undetectable, whereas they were observed in low-motile sperm. Moreover, a partial or complete disappearance of c-myc transcripts was observed after capacitation. As to the aromatase expression, a significant decrease in the amount of transcripts in immotile sperm fraction was recorded in all samples studied. To conclude, analysing mRNA profiles in humans could be helpful either as a diagnostic tool to evaluate male fertility, since they reflect spermatogenesis gene expression, and/or a prognosis value for fertilization, since these RNAs are delivered to oocytes.

Coronary nitric oxide production controls cardiac substrate metabolism during pregnancy in the dog

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (6) ◽  
pp. H2516-H2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williams ◽  
Caroline Ojaimi ◽  
Khaled Qanud ◽  
Suhua Zhang ◽  
Xiaobin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Metabolism ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Oxidative Pathway ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

The aim of this study was to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of cardiac metabolism at 60 days of pregnancy (P60) in the dog. There was a basal increase in diastolic coronary blood flow during pregnancy and a statistically significant increase in cardiac output (55 ± 4%) and in cardiac NOx production (44 ± 4 to 59 ± 3 nmol/min, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry of the left ventricle showed an increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining in the endothelial cells at P60. NO-dependent coronary vasodilation (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) was increased by 20% and blocked by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Isotopically labeled substrates were infused to measure oleate, glucose uptake, and oxidation. Glucose oxidation was not significantly different in P60 hearts (5.4 ± 0.5 vs. 6.2 ± 0.4 μmol/min) but greatly increased in response to l-NAME injection (to 19.9 ± 0.9 μmol/min, P < 0.05). Free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation was increased in P60 (from 5.3 ± 0.6 to 10.4 ± 0.5 μmol/min, P < 0.05) and decreased in response to l-NAME (to 4.5 ± 0.5 μmol/min, P < 0.05). There was an increased oxidation of FFA for ATP production but no change in the respiratory quotient during pregnancy. Genes associated with glucose and glycogen metabolism were downregulated, whereas genes involved in FFA oxidation were elevated. The acute inhibition of NO shifts the heart away from FFA and toward glucose metabolism despite the downregulation of the carbohydrate oxidative pathway. The increase in endothelium-derived NO during pregnancy results in a tonic inhibition of glucose oxidation and reliance on FFA uptake and oxidation to support ATP synthesis in conjunction with upregulation of FFA metabolic enzymes.

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