Warbling White-eye (Zosterops japonicus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Guest Van Riper ◽  
Bas van Balen
Keyword(s):  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Chang ◽  
Shang-Chieh Ting ◽  
Chieh-Cheng Liu ◽  
Jing-Tang Yang ◽  
Chyi-Yeou Soong
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Daniel Lewis

This chapter examines the Japanese White-eye, Zosterops japonicus, and the confounding nature of introduced species, some of which have been here long enough to have evolved into something unique to the islands. The White-eye, also known by its Japanese name Mejiro, has been a fixture in the islands since it was introduced on Oʻahu by the Hawaiʻi Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry (BCAF) in 1929, which was interested in birds primarily as a form of insect control. The White-eye's introduction was then continued by the Hui Manu, a private group founded in 1930 as an acclimatization society that introduced birds from around the world for aesthetic reasons.


2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Xiangping Wang ◽  
Meihong Wen ◽  
Mingsong Wu ◽  
Dianxiang Zhang

Background and aims – Distyly is usually rare on oceanic islands, which is probably due to the difficulty for distylous plants to colonize those islands. However, Cordia subcordata was observed to be distylous with short- and long-styled morphs on the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. To characterize the reproduction system of Cordia subcordata and to understand how this distylous species maintains itself on these islands, we studied its reproductive and pollination biology.Methods – Seed set and pollen tube growth under manipulated intermorph, intramorph, and self-pollination were examined to investigate self-incompatibility in the species. The number of pollen grains deposited on the stigmas after a single pollinator visit were counted to investigate the pollination efficiency of different visitors. Key results – Our study indicated that Cordia subcordata shows reciprocal herkogamy as is typical in distylous species. Pollen tubes could reach the base of the style and move into the ovules under all the manipulated pollination treatments in both morphs. Seed set resulting from four hand-pollination experiments did not show any differences between both morphs, suggesting that Cordia subcordata lacks heterostylous self-incompatibility. The most frequent flower visitors, Zosterops japonicus and Apis cerana, were observed foraging on the large volumes of nectar and pollen grains, respectively, with Zosterops japonicus being the most effective pollinator, depositing large number of pollen grains on the stigmas during their visits.Conclusions – Our findings show that Cordia subcordata established itself and persists in the archipelago by producing fruits through a combination of self-compatibility and pollination by the most common passerine bird on the oceanic islands.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter T. Atkinson ◽  
Julie K. Lease ◽  
Robert J. Dusek ◽  
Michael D. Samuel

AbstractIntroduced avian pox virus and malaria have had devastating impacts on native Hawaiian forest birds, yet little has been published about their prevalence and distribution in forest bird communities outside of windward Hawaii Island. We surveyed native and non-native forest birds for these two diseases at three different elevations on leeward Mauna Loa Volcano at the Kona Forest Unit of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge. Prevalence of malaria by both serology and microscopy varied by elevation and ranged from 28% at 710 m to 13% at 1830 m. Prevalence of pox-like lesions also varied by altitude, ranging in native species from 10% at 710 m to 2% at 1830 m. Native species at all elevations had the highest prevalence of malarial antibody and pox-like lesions. By contrast, pox-like lesions were not detected in individuals of four non-native species and only 5% of Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) was positive for malaria. A significantly high proportion of birds with pox-like lesions also had serological evidence of concurrent, chronic malarial infections, suggesting an interaction between these diseases, dual transmission of both diseases by the primary mosquito vector (Culex quinquefasciatus) or complete recovery of some pox-infected birds without loss of toes. Results from this study document high prevalence of malaria and pox at this refuge. Development of effective disease control strategies will be important for restoration of remnant populations of the endangered ‘Akiapola‘au (Hemignathus munroi), Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana), and Hawaii ‘Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) that still occur on the refuge.Prevalencia de Lesiones del Tipo de la Viruela Aviar y Malaria en Comunidades de Aves de Bosque en el Volcán Leeward Mauna Loa, HawaiResumen. La malaria y la viruela aviar, ambas introducidas, han tenido un impacto devastador sobre las aves nativas de bosque, pero se ha publicado poco sobre su prevalencia y distribución en las comunidades fuera de la isla de Hawai. Muestreamos aves de bosque nativas y no nativas para determinar la presencia de estas dos enfermedades a diferentes elevaciones en el volcán Mauna Loa en la Unidad Forestal de Kona del Refugio de Fauna Silvestre del Bosque Nacional de Hakalau. La prevalencia de malaria determinada a través de serología y microscopía varió con la altitud entre un 28% a 710 m y un 13% a 1830 m. La prevalencia de lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también varió con la altitud, entre un 10% a 710 m y un 2% a 1839 m en especies nativas. Las especies nativas tuvieron la más alta prevalencia de anticuerpos contra malaria y lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar. De modo contrastante, las lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar no se detectaron en individuos de cuatro especies no nativas y sólo el 5% de los individuos de la especie Zosterops japonicus fue positivo para malaria. Una proporción significativamente alta de las aves con lesiones del tipo de la viruela aviar también presentaron evidencia serológica de infecciones crónicas de malaria simultáneas, sugiriendo una interacción entre estas dos enfermedades, transmisión dual de las enfermedades por el vector principal (el mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus) o recuperación completa en algunas aves infectadas con viruela aviar sin la pérdida de dedos. Los resultados de este estudio documentan altas prevalencias de malaria y viruela aviar en este refugio. El desarrollo de estrategias de control de estas enfermedades será importante para la restauración de las poblaciones remanentes de las especies en peligro Hemignathus munroi, Oreomystis mana, y Loxops coccineus coccineus que aún existen en el refugio.


Author(s):  
Madhvi Venkatraman ◽  
Robert C Fleischer ◽  
Mirian T N Tsuchiya

Abstract Introduced into Hawaii in the early 1900s, the Japanese white-eye or warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) is now the most abundant land bird in the archipelago. Here, we present the first Z. japonicus genome, sequenced from an individual in its invasive range. This genome provides an important resource for future studies in invasion genomics. We annotated the genome using two workflows – standalone AUGUSTUS and BRAKER2. We found that AUGUSTUS was more conservative with gene predictions when compared to BRAKER2. The final number of annotated gene models was similar between the two workflows, but standalone AUGUSTUS had over 70% of gene predictions with Blast2GO annotations versus under 30% using BRAKER2. Additionally, we tested whether using RNA-seq data from 47 samples had a significant impact on annotation quality when compared to data from a single sample, as generating RNA-seq data for genome annotation can be expensive and requires well preserved tissue. We found that more data did not significantly change the number of annotated genes using AUGUSTUS but using BRAKER2 the number increased substantially. The results presented here will aid researchers in annotating draft genomes of non-model species as well as those studying invasion success.


Author(s):  
Matthew J. Burnett ◽  
Colleen T. Downs

Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus).


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