Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Carboneras ◽  
Guy M. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Tufted Duck

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of the hydrophilic bird community of Kruglaya Bay (Sevastopol, the Black Sea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
V. E. Giragosov ◽  
M. M. Beskaravainy
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mute Swan ◽  
Calidris Canutus ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
Mute Swans ◽  
Common Pochard

The relevance of the study of hydrophilic birds in the urban areas of the Black Sea coast is due to their important role in the coastal biocoenosis structure and the need to preserve biodiversity in the conditions of anthropogenic transformation of Crimean coastal zone. The dynamics of species composition and abundance of birds in Kruglaya (Omega) Bay (Sevastopol) were investigated. The results of regular and episodic monitoring carried out in 1995 and 2005–2016 were used in this work. Quantitative accounting was carried out only in January and February (1–2 times per winter season) in 2005–2008, episodically in 2009–2013 and weekly in December — May 2014/2015 and September — May 2015/2016. Number of specimens per species was registered, and the ratio of young and adult specimens in mute swan (Cygnus olor), sex ratio in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), common pochard (Aythya ferina) and tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) were determined. Russian and Latin names of birds are represented by L. S. Stepanian. Kruglaya Bay is one of Sevastopol bays which form the northern coastline of the Heraclea Peninsula, and it is a place of seasonal concentrations of hydrophilic birds. The basic morphometric characteristics of the bay are the following: the water area — 0.64 km2, length — 1.3 km, maximum width — 0.8 km, the average depth — 4.5 m. The water area of the bay did not freeze usually, only its inner part was covered with ice in extremely cold winters. Benthic macrophyte species are represented by two associations: Cystoseira crinita and C. barbata on stones and rocks, and Zostera noltii and Z. marina on sandy and silty areas. Two local areas of common reed (Phragmites australis) beds are located in the inner part of the bay. The zoobenthos is a significant part of the food supply of birds and includes 97 species, mainly polychaetes, molluscs and crustaceans. The ichthyofauna is represented by 42 fish species. 51 species of aquatic and semi-aquatic birds across 8 Orders were identified. The winter bird community was most diverse and numerous (32 species: 14 Anseriformes, 7 Charadriiformes, 5 Podicipediformes, 3 Gruiformes, 2 Pelecaniformes, 1 Gaviiformes). Eight species dominate regularly in winters and quantitatively — mute swan, mallard, common pochard, tufted duck, eurasian coot (Fulica atra), black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) and common gull (Larus canus). Rare species wintering in the Mountain Crimea, including horned grebe (Podiceps auritus), Bewick’s swan (Cygnus bewickii), red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ruficollis), white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala), knot (Calidris canutus), is of great interest. The average ratio of young and adult mute swans in the main wintering period (December — February) was 61 : 39 % in 2014/2015 and 45 : 55 % in 2015/2016, respectively. The ratio of males and females were as follows: in mallard 49.5 : 50.5 % in 2014/2015, and 51.4 : 48.6 % in 2015/2016; in common pochard 54.8 : 45.2 % in 2014/2015, and 60.5 : 39.5 % in 2015/2016; in tufted duck 51.0 : 49.0 % in 2014/2015, and 51.4 : 48.6 % in 2015/2016, respectively. Formation of the winter bird community began in October, sometimes at the end of September when single specimens of mallard, coot, tufted duck, red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator), black-necked grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) appeared. Common gull, great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) and the common pochard come flying in November; the mute swan appears at the beginning of December. Maximum and relatively stable number of most species was typical for January and the first half of February. Maximum number of specimens of all bird species was registered in January 13, 2015 (1288), and February 7, 2016 (1531 specimens). The feeding conditions of Kruglaya Bay allow overwintering of the birds with different feeding specializations. The benthophages (most of Anseriformes and Coot) rank first in species richness (at least 13 species) and in quantitative terms. Five species (black-throated diver (Gavia arctica), great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), common sheg (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), red-breasted merganser, Sandwich tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis)) form the group of ichthyophages. The Grebes occupy an intermediate position between benthophages and ichthyophages: small fish and benthic invertebrates are present in their diet. Four species of gull (black-headed, Caspian, common, Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus)) constitute a group of omnivores. The rare visitors in Kruglaya Bay are zoophagous and omnivorous birds foraging in the surf zone and at shallow depths, such as water rail (Rallus aquaticus), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), knot (Calidris canutus), and herbivores which prefer to feed in terrestrial habitats — red-breasted goose (Rufibrenta ruficollis). The nutritional requirements of birds are compensated to a certain extent by additional feeding carried out by townspeople. In general 30 passing and nomadic species, mainly Charadriiformes (11), Anseriformes (7) and Ciconiiformes (5), were registered. A nesting bird community was absent, and only the nesting of little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) was registered in 2016 for the first time in city zone. The spring migration took place from late February to May, the autumn migration — from August until the first decade of November. Kruglaya Bay is a valuable natural and ecological educational place and deserves status as a natural park.

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, HEART RATE AND DEEP BODY TEMPERATURE DURING DIVING IN THE TUFTED DUCK AYTHYA FULIGULA

1992 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEVAN ◽  
P. J. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body

Six tufted ducks were trained to dive for food at summer temperatures (air, 26°C, water, 23°C) and at winter temperatures (air, 5.8°C, water 7.4°C). The mean resting oxygen consumption (Voo2) a t winter temperatures (rwin) was 90% higher than that at summer temperatures (Tsum), but deep body temperatures (Tb) were not significantly different. Diving behaviour and mean oxygen consumption for dives of mean duration were similar at Twin and at Tsum, although the mean oxygen consumption for surface intervals of mean duration was 50% greater at Twin and Tb was significantly lower (1°C) at the end of a series of dives in winter than it was in summer. There appears to be an energy saving of 67 J per dive during winter conditions and this may, at least partially, be the result of the metabolic heat produced by the active muscles being used to maintain body temperature. While at rest under winter conditions, this would be achieved by shivering thermogenesis. Thus, the energetic costs of foraging in tufted ducks in winter are not as great as might be expected from the almost doubling of metabolic rate in resting birds.

scholarly journals Effect of Conspecific Brood Parasitism on Host Fitness for Tufted Duck and Common Pochard

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Dugger ◽  
Peter Blums
Keyword(s):  
Brood Parasitism ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Conspecific Brood Parasitism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hatch Success ◽  
Common Pochard

Abstract Brood parasitism occurs disproportionately in birds with precocial young and is particularly common in Anseriformes. In part, that pattern may result because precocial hosts, relative to altricial species, incur relatively few costs when caring for precocial eggs. Empirical data do not consistently support that hypothesis, and some parameters have not been adequately compared between parasitized and nonparasitized nests or females. We used a combination of experimentation (egg and duckling additions) and analysis of a larger observational data set to compare reproductive parameters, recruitment, and adult survival between parasitized and nonparasitized female Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted Ducks (A. fuligula). Addition of three eggs to nests during the host's laying cycle had no effect on host clutch size, host egg hatch success, or nest success for either species. Nest success was not affected by parasitism intensity for pochards, but we did detect a small drop in nest success for Tufted Duck nests parasitized with >6 eggs. Recruitment probability did not differ between parasitized and nonparasitized nests for either species, and parasitism had no negative effect on adult survival. Between-year nest initiation dates were later for parasitized Tufted Ducks, although the biological consequences of that difference (3.8 days) seem negligible. Moderate levels of parasitism do not negatively affect hosts for these two species.

First Tufted Duck Seen in Oregon

The Auk ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
James G. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Tufted Duck

scholarly journals Rezultati januarskega štetja vodnih ptic leta 2014 v Sloveniji / Results of the January 2014 waterbird census in Slovenia

Acrocephalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (160-161) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Luka Božič
Keyword(s):  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Cygnus Olor ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Ciconia Nigra ◽  
Black Stork ◽  
Standing Waters

Summary In 2014, the International Waterbird Census (IWC) was carried out in Slovenia on 18 and 19 Jan. Waterbirds were counted on all larger rivers, along the entire Slovenian Coastland and on most of the major standing waters in the country. During the census, in which 268 observers took part, 413 sections of the rivers and coastal sea with a total length of 1395.1 km and 226 other localities (178 standing waters and 48 streams) were surveyed. Altogether, 45,346 waterbirds of 62 species were counted. This is the lowest number of waterbirds recorded after the 1997 and 1998 censuses. The greatest numbers of waterbirds were counted in the Drava count area, i.e. 20,217 individuals (44.6% of all waterbirds in Slovenia). By far the most numerous species was Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (43.0% of all waterbirds), followed by Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (10.1% of all waterbirds), Coot Fulica atra (7.9% of all waterbirds), Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis (6.0% of all waterbirds) and Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (4.6% of all waterbirds). The number of 1,000 counted individuals was also surpassed by Mute Swan Cygnus olor, Pochard Aythya ferina, Tufted Duck Ay. fuligula and Teal An. crecca. Among the rarer recorded species, the Black Stork Ciconia nigra (registered for the first time during the January Waterbird Censuses; only the second winter record in Slovenia), Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis and Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus (both registered only for the second time during the IWC) should be given a special mention. Numbers of the following species were the highest so far recorded during the IWC: Shelduck Tadorna tadorna, Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata, Shoveler An. clypeata, Redthroated Loon Gavia stellata and Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus. Also, the total number of C and E category species/taxa was the highest to date, although still quite low with 70 individuals. Numbers of the following species were the lowest so far recorded during the IWC: Cormorant, Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis and Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus

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